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Biomedical subjects

O Johansen

Publications and source records attributed to O Johansen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Central pontine myelinolysis. A case report with typical neuropathological findings.

A case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) in an alcoholic patient with severe electrolyte changes is presented. Data in the literature suggest that it is safe to correct severe symptomatic hyponatremia to a value of 125-130 mEq/1 in 24 h. At the present time acute severe hyponatremia carries a bad prognosis if not treated with hypertonic NaCl solution. Electrolyte abnormalities are not the sole cause of CPM.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

A 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter with on-line data acquisition, processing, and control.

The construction and performance of a 24-m3 direct heat-sink calorimeter for continuous measurement of evaporative and sensible heat loss in human subjects are described. Extensive use of real-time processing for compensation of physical time constants and delays made it possible to solve response-time and stability problems associated with the large volume. The performance characteristics of the calorimeter are 1) a linear response between 0 and 320 W (471 g . h-1) for evaporative heat with a precision of 4.0-0.6% in the range 25-100 W, 2) a linear response between 0 and 280 W for sensible heat with a precision of 1.4-0.2% in the range 50-200 W, 3) a stability corresponding to a drift of less than 0.6 W (24 and 72 h) on both evaporative and sensible heat outputs and 24- and 72-h standard deviations (values every 2 min) of 0.3 and 0.4 W for evaporative heat and 0.6 and 0.7 W for sensible heat, 4) response times (95%) of 15 min for both evaporative and sensible heat, 5) independency on the position of the calibration source within the chamber, 6) no measurable "cross talk" between evaporative and sensible heat inputs, 7) negligible dependency of the external air humidity between 14 and 70%, and 8) operating temperature range from 18 to 30 degrees C. More than 40 experiments of 25-h duration with human subjects have been carried out. In no case was any discomfort recorded. An example of the 25-h continuous evaporative and sensible heat output tracing of one experiment is given.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1982

Liver attenuation values at computed tomography related to liver copper content.

Forty-three patients were examined with computed tomography of the liver and liver biopsies with measurement of hepatic copper content. All recorded liver attenuation values were within normal range, even in patients with markedly elevated hepatic copper content. No statistically significant correlation between the liver attenuation values and the copper concentrations in liver tissue was demonstrated. At present, therefore, computed tomography has no place in monitoring the development of copper accumulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A long-term follow-up study of the hepatic copper and serum ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease.

Hepatic copper content, measured by neutron activation analysis, has been studied in 70 patients during a median observation period of 3 years. In 15 patients with chronic active hepatitis the median hepatic copper content was 39 micrograms/g dry weight at the start and 28 micrograms/g dry weight at the end of the observation period, during which the clinical condition was improved in most patients. The hepatic copper content did not change significantly (41 versus 54 micrograms/g dry weight) in 28 patients with hepatobiliary disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease. In 27 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis the median hepatic copper concentration was initially 176 micrograms/g dry weight, and at the follow up 186 micrograms/g dry weight. Serum ceruloplasmin was elevated in most of the patients with hepatobiliary disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease and in all the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and remained at high levels throughout the observation period. In primary biliary cirrhosis the hepatic copper content was correlated with bilirubin and alkaline phosphatases but not with ceruloplasmin, coagulation factors, or aminotransferases. Ceruloplasmin was not significantly correlated with other "liver tests". We conclude that the hepatic copper content and serum ceruloplasmin were remarkably constant during 3 years of observation in various liver disorders. Our study gave no evidence of a hepatotoxic effect of copper, since no relation between the initial hepatic copper concentration and the clinical course could be detected.

Ceruloplasmin↗
PubMed1979

Liver copper content in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and associated liver disorders.

In 45 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (9 with Crohn's disease and 36 with ulcerative colitis) and associated liver disorders, increased liver copper content (above 100 microgram/g dry weight) was found in 14 (31%). These patients represented about 50% of the patients with either biliary cirrhosis or pericholangitis. Four of the patients had levels regarded as compatible with hepatolenticular degeneration (greater than 250 microgram/g dry weight). In patients with chronic active hepatitis or non-specific changes in liver tissue, normal levels were found. The patients with Crohn's disease also had normal levels. Plasma ceruloplasmin was normal or increased in all. Determination of urinary copper output gave little diagnostic information. Alkaline phosphatases were markedly increased in most of the patients with increased liver copper concentration. In patients with ulcerative colitis and enhanced alkaline phosphatases, elevated liver copper content should be suspected and chelation therapy should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Amplifications of phleomycin and bleomycin-induced antibiotic activity in Escherichia coli by aromatic cationic compounds.

A wide range of aromatic compounds has been shown to amplify phleomycin-induced cell killing in Escherichia coli. They include acridines, acridinium chlorides, dihydroanthracenes, anthracenes, dianthracenes, phenanthridinium salts, phenazinium chlorides, phenoxazones, triphenyl methane dyes, benzoquinolizinium chloride, diphenylmethane derivatives, stilbene and diphenyl derivatives. Low concentrations of these amplifiers also amplified the DNA breakage and degradation effects of phleomycin. The minimum structural specification for activity as an amplifying agent is suggested. A representative sample of compounds effective as amplifiers of phleomycin also amplified the antibiotic effects of bleomycins B4 and B6. The amplifiers described are known to vary in their ability to penetrate and accumulate in different organisms or tissues. This suggests the possibility of developing a series of antibiotic regimes using these amplifiers (or the large number of derivative compounds also likely to be active) where the therapeutic index is determined by the properties of the amplifier chosen rather than of the phleomycin or the bleomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗