Erythrocytes coated with anti-Rh Ripley react with both the T and the non-T lymphocytes active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
Biomedical subjects
O J Mellbye
Publications and source records attributed to O J Mellbye.
Spontaneous release of leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor by mononuclear cells eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue.
Spontaneous leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor (LIF) was assayed by an indirect system in which mononuclear cells (MNC) eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissues or isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors were cultured without antigen. The supernatants from these cultures and control supernatants, heated to 80 degrees C for 30 min to destroy the LIF activity, were used in the test. In seven out of eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients the eluted synovial MNC produced LIF spontaneously, whereas none of the twelve normal blood donors showed any such production. The ability to show spontaneous LIF production was primarily seen in the joint tissues from sero-negative patients.
Arthritis, Juvenile↗
Laboratory findings in patients with psoriasis, with special reference to immunological parameters, associations with arthropathy and sacro-iliitis.
Twenty-five male and 25 female consecutive patients hospitalized because of psoriasis were examined. The clinical and radiographical findings are presented in detail elsewhere. Increased serum IgA, C3, C4, and C3PA concentrations were found in patients both with and without arthropathy and/or sacro-iliitis. Increased IgG concentrations were found in patients without arthropathy, and of C1 inhibitor concentrations in patients with arthropathy and/or sacro-iliitis. IgG and IgA concentrations were lower in patients with arthropathy than in those without, the difference being most significant in patients with arthropathy of large joints. An association was found between increased C4 concentration and sacro-iliitis, increased CRP concentration and sacro-iliitis and increased C3 concentration and phalangeal joint arthropathy. C4 and CRP concentrations were not associated. A close association between CRP and SAA was observed. Our results indicate that psoriatic arthropathy is not a single uniform joint disease, but represents different forms of arthropathy.
Adolescent↗
Oligoclonal immunoglobulins and smooth muscle antibodies in arthritic joints.
In twelve synovial fluid/serum pairs from patients with various types of seronegative polyarthritis, homogeneous gamma-bands by agarose gel electrophoresis were found in seven of the synovial fluids and in only one of the sera. In six of the fluids with gamma-bands, smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were also present, usually in a titre identical to that in serum. In fluids with no gamma-bands, no SMA were detected. In forty synovial fluid/serum pairs from paitients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, no gamma-bands were detected in the synovial fluids, and SMA were present in only three pairs. Absorption and inhibition experiments did not give evidence that the SMA activity in seronegative polyarthritis was confined to the gamma-bands in the synovial fluids. The SMA activity in the fluids seemed to be directed against both actin and 'non-actin' muscular antigens. The association between locally produced oligoclonal immunoglobulins and possible locally produced SMA with differnet electrophoretic mobility suggests that in some of thes patients there is a local synovial production of oligoclonal antibodies with different specificities. Thus, even if the results may indicate a local virus infection in some arthritic joints, they may also be dur to an unspecific local stimulation of B cells or to a specific antigen stimulation combined with an unspecific co-activation of other antibody-producing cells.
Arthritis↗
Immunological in situ identification of the lymphoid cells in the skin infiltrate of lichen planus.
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Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗
Demonstration of anti-rubella antibody-secreting cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
In the present study we describe a plaque-forming cell assay using erythrocytes coated with viral antigen, which detected anti-viral antibody-secreting cells against various viral antigens. These anti-viral antibody-secreting cell were studied in normal individuals with known viral infections and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rubella anti-viral antibody-secreting cells were present after induction in the peripheral blood of eight out of ten patients. No plaques were seen before induction. Synovial tissue of seven patients out of ten showed rubella-antigen-specific plaques before induction. In all three patients tested, the numbers of plaques increased after induction. The peripheral blood of only one patient showed plaque-forming cells against mumps virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen. No other patients showed any plaque against CMV, respiratory syncytial virus, mumps virus, measles virus, adenovirus, and varicella zoster virus antigens. The method appears to be promising in studying viral antibody-secreting cells in human immunopathology.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Lack of suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes were eluted from the synovial tissue of seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and one with ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of these patients immunoglobulin production by synovial lymphocytes in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen was studied. In nine patients T lymphocytes were isolated from the eluted cells, and the T helper and suppressor cell functions were evaluated in an allogeneic co-culture system. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from twenty-eight normal donors were also studied for comparison. Immunoglobulin produced by synovial lymphocytes was higher than in PBL of normal donors. However, the stimulation index of synovial tissue lymphocytes was lower. Most of the normal donors had suppressor cell activity in their peripheral blood, whereas in synovial tissue lymphocytes a statistically significant number of patients did not have any suppressor cell activity. In contrast, the synovial tissue lymphocytes showed helper activity not differing significantly from that of the T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal individuals.
Adolescent↗
Rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes lack concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cell activity.
Synovial lymphocytes eluted by enzyme treatment from eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for the presence of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated suppressor cell activity as compared with that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of twenty normal donors. In addition, two patients with psoriatic arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were also investigated. Synovial lymphocytes from the eleven RA patients showed a mean augmentation of 28 +/- 13.30, and thus clearly lacked suppressor activity, whereas the mean suppression in the lymphocytes from the twenty normal donors was 13 +/- 14.40. Synovial lymphocytes from one patient with JRA and one with psoriatic arthritis showed a normal suppressor activity.
Arthritis, Juvenile↗
Predominance of cells with T-markers in the lymphocytic infiltrates of synovial tissue in psoriatic arthritis.
Synovial tissue from 8 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PSA) were investigated by direct immunofluorescence technique with FITC-conjugated anti-F(ab')2 antiserum, and with a specific rabbit anti-human T-lymphocyte antiserum by indirect immunofluorescence method with FITC-conjugated goat-anti-rabbit Ig antiserum as the second layer. The majority of the lymphocytes in the tissue displayed membrane fluorescence with the anti-T antiserum. Staining with the conjugated anti-F(ab')2 antiserum revealed both intra- and extracellular immunoglobulins. These results indicate that the majority of the lymphocytes in the synovial tissue of PSA are T-lymphocytes, and that a minor number of the cells belong to the B-cell line.
Arthritis↗
Dermatomyositis associated with BCG vaccination.
Two young boys developed serious forms of dermatomyositis following BCG vaccination. Possibilities of a causal relationship between the disease and the vaccination are discussed. Extensive immunological tests, however, including in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with PPD, gave no decisive evidence of abnormalities. It is concluded that in cases of dermatomyositis there is an absolute indication for a full anamnesis with regard to previous vaccination, to obtain clarification of the practical and theoretically important questions of a possible connection in this respect.
Adolescent↗
Immunology in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Glomerulonephritis in dermatitis herpetiformis. A case study.
A patient with dermatitis herpetiformis, proteinuria and reduced renal function is described. A renal biopsy studied by light and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a glomerulonephritis with deposits of predominantly IgA and complement C3. Deposits of IgA and C3 were also demonstrated in a biopsy from normal skin, and a common pathway for the skin and renal lesions is suggested.
Complement C3↗
Effect of rat intestinal glycoprotein on complement lytic activity of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli.
Evidence for complement activation by an intestinal glycoprotein fraction from germfree rats is presented. The lowering effect on human serum bactericidal activity of E. coli was 28% for the intestinal glycoprotein fraction, 31% for zymosan, and 25% for inulin, while the lowering effect on conventional rat serum bactericidal activity was 65%, 53% and 21%, respectively. 32P-releasing activity of serum from germfree rats and from man on labelled E. coli amounted to 8% and 28%, respectively, of the release exerted by serum from conventional rats.
Animals↗
Complement activation during subsequent stages of canine endotoxin shock.
Changes in total haemolytic complement and levels of C3, C4 and C6 were studied during subsequent stages of lethal endotoxin shock in dogs. Substantial decreases of all parameters were observed. C4 and C6 decreases showed a very similar pattern, indicating activation of complement by the classical pathway in addition to the activation of the alternative pathway known to occur in this pathological condition. The findings emphasize the role of the complement system in the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock and are consistent with the concept that complement activation has prognostic value during endotoxaemia.
Animals↗
C-reactive protein and delayed hypersensitivity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
In patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), the delayed hypersensitivity found when skin-testing with a panel of memory antigens appeared to be reduced. Since C-reactive protein (CRP) has recently been shown to inhibit various parameters of cellular immunity in vitro, we tested the concentration of CRP in serum from 44 patients with JRA who had previously been tested for delayed hypersensitivity. The mean concentration of CRP in the patients was 32.2mg/l, while in age-and sex-matched controls it was less than 5 mg/l. By scatter diagrams and statistical analysis no association was found between the concentration of CRP and various expressions of delayed hypersensitivity in vivo.
Antigens↗
Local synovial synthesis of oligoclonal measles virus antibodies and of smooth muscle antibodies in a case of atypical rheumatoid arthritis.
A patient with atypical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and local synovial synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in an arthritic knee joint is described. Measles virus-specific antibodies isolated from the synovial fluid (SF) were carried by oligoclonal IgG proteins but constituted only a fraction of the total oligoclonal IgG of the SF. Smooth muscle antibodies were markedly increased in the SF compared with the serum and were associated with an electrophoretically restricted fraction of IgG. The results indicate that a local synovial synthesis of measles virus-specific antibodies and of smooth muscle antibodies occurred within the affected joint in our patient.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Effect of penicillamine on complement in vitro and in vivo.
In most normal human sera the addition of penicillamine to a final concentration of 0-2 mmol/l and subsequent dialysis caused a slight reduction in serum haemolytic complement (CH50). At 200 mmol/l, CH50 activity was no longer demonstrable. Even high concentrations of penicillamine were needed to inhibit the ability of immunoglobulin to fix complement to preformed or forming immune complexes. This indicated that the reduction of CH50 observed in serum was due to an effect on the complement factors. In vivo, a dose of 240 mg penicillamine caused a slight transient reduction in CH50 in rabbit serum, while 1000 mg penicillamine had no effect on serum CH50 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In arthritis patients there was, however, some evidence for removal of complement deposits in synovial tissue during penicillamine treatment. Since it is theoretically possible that concentrations high enough to cause reduction of complement activity can be achieved locally in synovial tissue, the effect on complement may be one of the mechanisms by which penicillamine exerts its effect in rheumatoid arthritis.
Animals↗
Immunofluorescence studies for immunoglobulins and complement C3 in synovial joint membranes in psoriatic arthritis.
Synovial tissues from fifteen patients with psoriatic arthritis were investigated with direct immunofluorescence staining for immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and from eigth patients for complement component C3. As control groups, there were synovial tissues from seven patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and five patients with meniscal tears. In psoriatic arthritis, immunoglobulins were found in plasma cells in 93% of the cases, always with the presence of IgG (93%) but also with IgA (47%) and IgM (7%). C3 could not be demonstrated. In seropositive rheumatoid arthritis IgG was demonstrated in all patients (100%), often together with IgA (43%) and IgM (57%). C3 was found in all of these patients. In patients with meniscal tears neither immunoglobulins nor C3 could be found. The present findings indicate immunological activity in synovial membranes in psoriatic arthritis. The low amount of IgM and the lack of C3 suggest a difference compared to seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis↗