Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O J Gilmore

Publications and source records attributed to O J Gilmore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of faecal loading on colonic anastomotic healing.

The effect of faecal loading of the colon on the healing of rat colonic anastomoses has been investigated in a prospective randomized and controlled study. Anastomotic dehiscence occurred significantly more often when the bowel was loaded with faeces at the time of operation than when it was empty. Suture line cultures bore no relationship to the outcome of the anastomosis. This result emphasizes the importance of an empty colon as a contributory factor in successful colonic healing in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Local management of surgical sepsis.

The most important aspect of the prevention of infection in traumatic wounds is early and thorough débridement. In elective surgery there is no substitute for meticulous technique. The successful treatment of established infection depends on early diagnosis and accurate localization of the sepsis, followed by incision and adequate drainage or, in the case of an infected viscus, excision.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

The effect of surgical drainage materials on colonic healing.

The effect of surgical drainage materials on rat colonic healing has been investigated in a prospective randomized and controlled study. Latex, silicone rubber (Silastic), polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) tubes were implanted alongside a colonic anastomosis and compared with a 'no drain' group using mechanical and histological assessments. There was a significant increase in anastomotic leakage in the latex group in which there appears to be a local inhibition of healing. Silastic, PVC and Teflon were not found to interfere with healing. The continued use of latex drains in colonic surgery is therefore questioned.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Surgical audit: Comparison of the work load and results of two hospitals in the same district.

Surgical audit is being undertaken to monitor and compare (by computer) the type of patient, work load, and results of two similar surgical units. Both units are in the City and Hackney District of London, one at St Bartholomew's Hospital and the other at Hackney Hospital. During 1978, 736 patients were admitted by the unit at St Bartholomew's Hospital and 902 by the unit at Hackney. At St Bartholomew's 70% of admissions were elective compared with 49% at Hackney, where 86% of patients lived within the district compared with only 36% at St Bartholomew's. The wound was the commonest site for complications, infection affecting 9% of those at Hackney and 6% at St Bartholomew's, despite identical antibiotic policies. There were six post-operative deaths at St Bartholomew's and 32 at Hackney. In both hospitals the length of stay was similar, 50% of patients being discharged within one week and 80% within two weeks. As a result of the audit a vigorous venous thrombosis prophylactic regimen has been instituted, and at Hackney the anaesthetic department has been strengthened and a new intensive care unit opened.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions: a comparison of noxythiolin and a new povidone-iodine/PVP solution.

Peritoneal adhesions were induced in 250 female Wistar rats by the excision and closure of a right lower quadrant parietal peritoneal defect. After closure of the defect each rat was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: A, control with no instillate; B, control with Ringer solution; C, noxythiolin 0.5 per cent solution; D, noxythiolin 1 per cent solution; E povidone-iodine/PVP solution. Two millilitres of the appropriate solution were injected into the peritoneal cavity just before closure of a standard 4-cm midline incision. Assessment of adhesion formation was made at 1 week in ignorance of the treatment group. Noxythiolin 1 per cent was more effective than Ringer solution and noxythiolin 0.5 per cent in reducing the mean number of adhesions (P less than 0.05) but was inferior to povidone-iodine/PVP (P less than 0.05). Povidone-iodine/PVP solution significantly reduced the number of adhesions compared with the four other groups. In addition, it significantly reduced the mean length of attachment of each adhesion compared with the two control groups (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A study of the effect of povidone-iodine on polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis.

Studies were made of the effect of povidone-iodine on polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes were incubated with various concentrations of povidone-iodine and allowed to migrate across a membrane towards a chemotactic agent. Chemotactic movement was found to decrease as the concentration of povidone-iodine rose, 75 micrograms/ml completely inhibiting all movement. A concentration of 10 micrograms/ml of povidone-iodine was found actively to repel the white cells. In vivo studies in mice showed a reduction in polymorphonuclear leucocytes at wound surfaces in the presence of povidone-iodine dry powder spray.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Topical noxythiolin in colonic healing.

Rats were subjected to division and anastomosis of the colon just proximal to the rectum to study the healing of colonic anastomoses. The effect of noxythiolin irrigation of the divided colon before and after anastomosis was investigated and compared with controls. Healing was assessed using five variables--macroscopic and microscopic inspection, bursting pressure and tensile strength estimations and angiography for new vessel formation. The study shows that noxythiolin irrigation of the colon in the rat significantly increases the chance of a sound anastomosis without interfering with healing. Furthermore, it inhibits the formation of adhesions.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Prophylactic intraperitoneal povidone-iodine in alimentary tract surgery.

In controlled experiments intraperitoneal povidone-iodine significantly reduced the mortality of mice (p less than 0.01) and rats (p less than 0.01) with induced peritonitis. Povidone-iodine irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis did not interfere with healing or inhibit peritoneal adhesion formation. However, a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution containing increased PVP significantly reduced adhesion formation in a controlled study in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of noxythiolin on experimental peritonitis.

The intraperitoneal instillation of noxythiolin in the treatment of peritonitis is widespread in clinical practice despite contradictory evidence as to its efficacy. In this light the value of noxythiolin was reappraised by studying its effect in guinea-pigs and mice with induced bacterial peritonitis. Treatment with a 1% solution of noxythiolin reduced the mortality rate of mice by 14% (P less than 0.1). The guinea-pig model proved unreliable giving inconsistent mortality rates throughout. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose and concentration of noxythiolin while the search for more effective intraperitoneal antiseptics should continue.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Colonic anastomosis healing. The effect of topical povidone-iodine.

The effect of povidone-iodine (0.1% available iodine) irrigation on colonic anastomosis healing was investigated in 196 Sprague-Dawley rats. Each end of the divided colon was irrigated with 5 ml of povidone-iodine solution or with an equal volume of normal saline before anastomosis and again after the anastomosis had been completed. Healing was assessed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 days after operation: macroscopically, mechanically, histologically and angiigraphically. Povidone-iodine irrigation did not impair healing in any way.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

A study of the effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing.

The effect of dry powder povidone-iodine (Disadine D.P.) on wound healing was assessed experimentally and clinically. It did not interfere with wound healing macroscopically, histologically or mechanically in Wistar rats. One hundred and one patients undergoing 'clean' elective surgery were included in the controlled clinical study and povidone-iodine did not affect wound healing in any way. In the control group 4% of patients developed infection compared with none of those sprayed with povidone-iodine. No adverse reaction to povidone-iodine was seen in either study. This antiseptic offers a safe alternative to antibiotics for use at operation whenever there is risk of wound infection from operative bacterial contamination.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

A reappraisal of the use of antiseptics in surgical practice.

The use of antiseptics was reappraised because of the increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A formaldehyde (noxythiolin) and a halogen (povidone-iodine) were investigated, these being the most appropriate antiseptic groups. Povidone-iodine solution significantly reduced the mortality of mice (P less than 0.01) and rats (P less than 0.01) with peritonitis. Noxythiolin (1% and 0.5%) did not. Antiseptic irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis resulted in significantly fewer 'poor' anastomoses (P less than 0.05) without inhibiting healing. Noxythiolin 2.5% and 1% significantly reduced peritoneal adhesion formation in rats, but a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution with increased polyvinylpyrrolidone content was superior to noxythiolin 1% and 0.5%. Povidone-iodine neither inhibited rat abdominal wound healing nor induced bacterial resistance. In 3 subsequent controlled clinical trials a dry-powder povidone-iodine formulation halved wound infection after grid-iron appendicectomy (P less than 0.025), reduced infection in elective 'clean' surgery, and significantly reduced infection after a wide variety of 'potentially contaminated' abdominal procedures (P less than 0.01). A return to the principles of Lister is advocated.

Animals↗