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Biomedical subjects

O I Linet

Publications and source records attributed to O I Linet.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A prospective, randomized study of the effects of prostacyclin on platelets and blood loss during coronary bypass operations.

A randomized, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. One hundred patients having isolated coronary bypass grafting received 300 units/kg of heparin and then either prostacyclin (12.5 ng/kg/min from heparinization until cardiopulmonary bypass, 25 ng/kg/min during bypass) or buffer/diluent in a similar manner. Standardized anesthetic, perfusion, and surgical techniques were used. Drug and placebo groups were similar in demographic data and bypass times, and there were no deaths. Activated coagulation time and platelet count were significantly higher during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients receiving prostacyclin. Platelet count remained significantly higher 24 hours after bypass in the active drug group. Immediately after operation, there was significantly less prolongation of bleeding time (1.3 versus 2.9 minutes; p = 0.009) in the patients receiving prostacyclin. Blood loss was significantly reduced during the first 4 hours postoperatively in the prostacyclin group (261 +/- 159 versus 347 +/- 197 ml; p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the groups when total blood loss was compared (710 +/- 351 versus 869 +/- 498 ml; p = 0.07). Patients receiving prostacyclin required an average of 257 ml less blood transfused in the intensive care unit (p = 0.02). We conclude that the clinical impact of prostacyclin in patients undergoing coronary artery operations was demonstrable, but small. Prostacyclin may provide clinical benefits in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass when there are contraindications to or other difficulties with blood transfusion. With prostacyclin, reduced heparin dose is possible and therefore reduced protamine requirement would offer a potential benefit of less cardiovascular depression immediately after bypass. However, the advantages offered by prostacyclin are not sufficient to recommend its routine use during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Absence of cardiac arrhythmias during a very-low-calorie diet with high biological quality protein.

Fourteen women who were at least 50 lb (22.7 kg) overweight entered the 15 week study which included 4 weeks of 1200 cal (5028 J) balanced diet followed by 7 weeks on a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and 4 weeks of refeeding. During the VLCD high biological quality protein (poultry, fish) and recommended supplements of vitamins, minerals and water were used. With the exception of week 5 and 14, 25-h Holter monitorings were done weekly. During the initial 4 weeks, 2 patients showed disturbances of cardiac rhythm and were discharged from the study. Twelve patients completed the trial without any clinically significant changes in cardiac rhythm. The 12 lead ECGs remained normal in all patients throughout the study. The average weight loss was 46 lb (20.9 kg) and the whole program was well tolerated. It is concluded that seven weeks of VLCD with high biological quality protein and recommended supplements appears to be a safe method for weight reduction for severely obese patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Long-term efficacy of medical treatments of obesity.

Obesity is a chronic, usually life-long condition. Therefore, the success of any treatment should be measured by the long-term weight loss. More patients lose weight than maintain the weight loss after the active phase of therapy has ended. Conservative approaches like dietary restrictions or behavior modification techniques have been only modestly successful in weight maintenance. Both are, therefore, suitable for patients with milder degrees of obesity. Anorexicants seem to have specific but limited use in the treatment of obesity. Fasting and protein sparing modified fast are indicated for patients with a high degree of obesity, i.e. for those who are at least 30% or 25 kg or more over their ideal body weight. Both these procedures have definite risks. Rapid weight loss is induced by fasting but long-term follow-ups showed gradual regain of weight loss. Combinations of various techniques such as behavior modification, exercise, proper nutritional instruction and protein-sparing modified fast seem to have the best chance for long-term success.

Appetite Depressants↗
PubMed1981

Double-blind comparison of alprazolam and diazepam for subchronic withdrawal from alcohol.

The efficacy and safety of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, alprazolam, was compared to diazepam in 46 alcoholics in a double-blind study. The drugs were administered for 21 days starting on the fifth day after the last drink. The mean optimal daily oral dose of alprazolam was 2.2 mg and of diazepam 20.2 mg given in a t.i.d. fashion. Alprazolam was as effective as diazepam in the relief of anxiety as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Physician's Global Impressions, Patient's Global Impressions, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Target Symptoms Record. At the end of the trial 95% of patients in both groups experienced moderate to marked therapeutic effect and felt much or very much better as compared to the start of the study. The number of side effects was similar in both groups and they were mostly described by patients as "mild".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Emotional status during weight reduction program.

The Hopkins Symptom Checklist was administered to 205 chronically obese patients to assess their emotional status. The results indicate that: a) the extent of mental problems in this population was not much different from other outpatient clinics; b) patients with a childhood or maturity onset of obesity had similar emotional profile; c) successful weight loss improved the emotional difficulties; d) no increase in emotional symptomatology occurred in patients before their dropout from the clinic; and e) clinic attendance and dieting did not affect the patients' mental status. These findings correlate well with the global clinical impressions obtained during interviews at each patient visit by the physician and/or clinical psychologist.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1976

Hypnotic efficacy of triazolam and methyprylon ininsomniac in-patients.

The hypnotic effects of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, triazolam (Halcion) 0-5 mg and methyprylon 300 mg was compared in twenty oncologic in-patient volunteers with insomnia using the preference technique. On the first night of the two-night trial, or methyprylon was given on a double-blind basis and on the second night the patients received the alternate medication. Following each trial night the patients were interviewed in regard to their sleep. Of the seventeen patients who completed the study, eleven patients preferred triazolam, three preferred methyprylon and three had no preference (p=0-057). Analysis of the various sleep parameters showed that triazolam helped the patients sleep more than methyprylon (p=0-13), induced more rapid sleep onset (p=0-003), gave a longer duration of sleep (p=0-013). The treatment was considered a success if the patient went to sleep in thirty minutes or less and slept for at least six hours. Triazolam was more successful than methyprylon in this respect (p=0-012). There were no side-effects reported on either of the drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of triazolam and methyprylon as a hypnotic in insomniacs.

The hypnotic effect of a new triazolobenzodiazepine, triazolam (0.5 mg) and methyprylon was compared in 30 outpatient volunteers with insomnia using the preference technique. On the first night of the 2 night trial, triazolam or methyprylon was given on a double-blind basis and on the 2nd night the outpatients received the alternate medication. Following each trial night the patients were interviewed in regard to their sleep. Of the 28 patients who completed the study, 21 patients preferred triazolam, 5 preferred methyprylon and 2 had no preference (p = 0.001). Analysis of the various sleep parameters showed that triazolam helped the patients sleep more than methyprylon (p = 0.026), there were fewer awakenings on triazolam (p = 0.064), a longer duration of sleep (p = 0.064) and a better feeling in the a.m. (p = 0.020). The sleep onset was the same after both medications. The number and severity of the side effects was considerably higher after methyprylon.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous prostacyclin in acute nonhemorrhagic stroke: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.

The therapeutic efficacy of prostacyclin in nonhemorrhagic cerebral infarction was assessed in a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. A total of 80 patients with stroke onset within 24 hours were randomized into placebo (37 patients) and prostacyclin (43 patients) groups. Demographic data and risk factors were comparable. Patients in the prostacyclin group received a continuous i.v. infusion of prostacyclin at an average rate of 8.5 ng/kg/min for an average of 64 hours. The placebo group received vehicle only in a similar fashion. During treatment hemodynamic changes were more prominent in the patients receiving prostacyclin and included reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increase in pulse rate. In contrast there was only a slight (but significant) reduction of diastolic blood pressure in the placebo group. Neurologic deficit scores were determined on admission, at Day 3, and at Weeks 1, 2, and 4. Mean neurologic deficit scores upon entry were comparable in the placebo and prostacyclin groups, and a significant improvement in the score for neurologic deficit was noted in both. The placebo group tended to fare better throughout the study, with a significant difference in neurologic deficit score favoring the placebo group at Week 2 (p = 0.0048). Two patients in the placebo and one in the prostacyclin group died. The only difference in adverse reactions was flushing (6 patients in prostacyclin vs. 0 in placebo group, p less than 0.05). The results of this study suggest a lack of therapeutic efficacy of prostacyclin in a defined population of patients with nonhemorrhagic cerebral infarction.

Acute Disease↗