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Biomedical subjects

O Hovatta

Publications and source records attributed to O Hovatta.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Dietary supplementation with primrose oil or fish oil does not change urinary excretion of prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolites in pre-eclamptic women.

To study whether balance between antiaggregatory, vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) and proaggregatory, vasoconstrictory thromboxane A2 (TXA2) could be affected by dietary manipulation, 18 pre-eclamptic women were treated in randomized order between 31 and 36 weeks of gestation either with primrose oil (n = 7), with fish oil (n = 5), or with placebo (n = 6). Urinary excretions of the degradation products of PGI2 (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and TXA2 (TXB2, 2,3-dinor-TXB2) were measured in 24 h urines before and serially during the supplementation. Fatty acid supplementation did not affect urinary prostanoid excretions or clinical signs of pre-eclampsia.

Epoprostenol↗
PubMed1993

Sperm aspiration from vas deferens and in-vitro fertilization in cases of non-treatable anejaculation.

Spermatozoa were aspirated from the proximal vas deferens of five men with persistent anejaculation which could not be overcome by using a vibrator or electro-ejaculation. Three men had spinal cord injury, one man had undergone a pelvic lymphadenectomy, and in one of them the aetiology was unknown. Fairly good numbers of spermatozoa (from 7.5 to 170 million) with progressive motility from 24 to 75% were obtained from all the eight microsurgically performed aspiration attempts. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was successful in seven attempts. Eight embryo transfers (six with fresh and two with frozen embryos) resulted in three pregnancies. The pregnancy rates, 37% per aspiration and 37% per embryo transfer, show that in this small group of patients, aspiration of spermatozoa from the vas deferens followed by IVF-embryo transfer is a promising method in the management of infertility caused by persistent anejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Epididymal sperm aspiration and use of donor spermatozoa when necessary for in-vitro fertilization, and vasoepididymostomy: an acceptable combination in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia.

Infertility due to obstructive azoospermia in 24 men was treated with a combination of scrotal exploration, microsurgical sperm aspiration and vasoepididymostomy, at the same operation. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer were performed using epididymal spermatozoa. Donor spermatozoa were used if no motile epididymal spermatozoa were obtained. With this combination, emotionally and economically acceptable pregnancy rates were achieved: 24% per aspiration, 43% per embryo transfer, and 25% per couple. One twin pregnancy resulting in the birth of two healthy female infants and one ongoing twin pregnancy were achieved with epididymal spermatozoa; four pregnancies (one twin, two singletons, one abortion) were achieved with donor spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Subcutaneous goserelin versus intranasal buserelin for pituitary down-regulation in patients undergoing IVF: a randomized comparative study.

One-hundred women undergoing ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) and a human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) participated in this randomized comparative study. The effectiveness of long-acting s.c. goserelin (Zoladex depot; 49 patients) and intranasally (i.n.) administered buserelin acetate (Suprefact; 51 patients) for pituitary down-regulation was compared. Treatment with s.c. goserelin (3.6 mg) or i.n. buserelin acetate (200 micrograms; 6 times/day) was started on day 21-23 of the cycle. Stimulation with 150 IU of HMG/day was started after at least 11 days of GnRH-a treatment. There were no differences in the time required for follicular development nor in the clinical outcome between groups treated with either goserelin or buserelin. The number of oocytes recovered in the goserelin group was 6.7 +/- 5.0 versus 6.3 +/- 4.9 in the buserelin group. There were 11 pregnancies after the use of goserelin (22.4%) and 12 pregnancies in those given buserelin (24.0%). The number of HMG ampoules needed for follicular maturation was higher in the goserelin group (27.9 +/- 7.8) than in the buserelin group (24.6 +/- 7.8, P < 0.05). The patients given buserelin suffered significantly more from tiredness, depression, headache and abdominal pain than those receiving goserelin, whereas there were no differences between the groups in experiencing mental irritability, nausea and swelling. Subcutaneous goserelin depot injection offers a useful alternative for pituitary down-regulation in IVF stimulation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

Salivary progesterone measurements reveal corpus luteum defects which respond poorly to hormonal treatments in operated mild and moderate endometriosis.

Thirty-five women who had been operated on for mild or moderate endometriosis were evaluated through 40 menstrual cycles by daily measurements of salivary progesterone concentrations. As controls, 17 women with normal ovulatory cycles and no endometriosis were studied. In the endometriosis group, 22 cycles were unstimulated, seven were stimulated by clomiphene citrate and 11 with clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin. A variety of aberrations in profiles of salivary progesterone secretion was detected in all the groups of endometriosis patients and the frequency of normal cycles was significantly lower than in controls (14-18% versus 82%, P less than 0.01). The response to the treatments varied greatly within the groups. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that patients with endometriosis have a variety of defects in the menstrual pattern of salivary progesterone secretion and that their corpus luteum function responds poorly to stimulatory treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Measurements of salivary progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle in women suffering from unexplained infertility reveal high frequency of luteal phase defects.

Forty-five women suffering from unexplained infertility collected saliva for progesterone (P) measurements every morning during 1 to 3 complete cycles. A total of 27 cycles analyzed were unstimulated, 19 were stimulated by clomiphene citrate (CC), and 7 with CC, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Compared with reference profiles of salivary P from 27 normal cycles, the length and magnitude of P secretion were significantly lower in the infertility group. Luteal P concentrations were normalized during CC stimulation and significantly elevated during the CC-hMG-hCG stimulation. The other abnormalities found in the salivary P profiles of these patients included preovulatory P peaks, interruption of P secretion during luteal phase, and high P level at the beginning of menstruation. The results suggest that patients with prolonged unexplained infertility represent a heterogenous population with common luteal phase defects. The disturbance is effectively corrected with treatments stimulating gonadotropin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Direct intraperitoneal or intrauterine insemination and superovulation in infertility treatment: a randomized study.

Direct intraperitoneal or intrauterine insemination in combination with superovulation was used randomly as the treatment of infertility that was unexplained or due to male subfertility or mild endometriosis in 124 couples during 326 cycles. The pregnancy rate per couple was 24% in the direct intraperitoneal insemination group and 31% in the IUI group. The difference was not significant. The pregnancy rates with both treatments were significantly higher than those seen during the 326 control cycles of the same couples (1.1% and 0.6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anejaculation following spinal cord injury does not induce sperm-agglutinating antibodies.

Antisperm antibodies were tested for by the MAR-test and the tray agglutination test in 16 men with spinal cord injury. None of these men could ejaculate without artificial methods. Seven men ejaculated externally by vibrator stimulation or electroejaculation, while seven exhibited retrograde ejaculation; in two cases no semen was obtained. Sperm density in the external ejaculations was high (average = 405 x 10(6)/ml), with 10-45% motility. None of these 16 men had antisperm antibodies. This result indicates that anejaculation and sperm retention in men with spinal cord injury, even of 30 years duration, does not result in antisperm antibody formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Daily measurements of salivary progesterone reveal a high rate of anovulation in healthy students.

Daily concentrations of salivary progesterone (P) were measured from 32 women during a complete menstrual cycle. Seventeen of the subjects were university students and 15 were patients of an infertility clinic (a severe male-factor was verified as the cause of infertility in all of them). Commercially available reagents for radio-immunoassay of serum P were modified for salivary measurements, to yield acceptable precision and sensitivity (40 pmol/l). Good correlation (r = 0.93) was found between salivary and serum P concentrations in samples collected simultaneously. The follicular phase levels of salivary P were below 100 pmol/l, and those at the luteal peak were 390 +/- 45 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM, n = 24). From the menstrual salivary P concentration curves we identified the first day of significant elevation above mean follicular levels (T2) and thereafter calculated the cumulative sum of daily P concentrations until 95% of the luteal phase secretion had accumulated (C95). The time needed to reach C95 (designated T95) and logC95 were plotted in coordinates and used as the basis of evaluation of normal menstrual P secretion. The observations were distributed in two groups, one with clearly identifiable T2 and a distinct luteal-phase P (ovulation had occurred) and one with no identifiable T2 and absent luteal-phase P peak (indicative of anovulation). Interestingly, 47% of the student population had an abnormally low menstrual P profile while all the other subjects displayed a clear luteal-phase peak of salivary P. These data provide more evidence for applicability of salivary P measurements for diagnosis of corpus luteam function and highlight the difficulty of selecting representative reference populations in studies on female reproductive endocrinology.

Adult↗