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Biomedical subjects

O Gaye

Publications and source records attributed to O Gaye.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Health personnel and population practices in the diagnosis of malaria and use of antimalarial drugs in Dakar].

The practices of health care workers and the population with regard to diagnosis of malaria and use of antimalarial drugs were studied in the city of Dakar from September 1991 to March 1992. Study included 847 heads of family, 191 treatment prescribers including 77 physicians, 53 nurses and 61 midwives, and 60 pharmacists. Three separate questionnaires were used: one for the population, one for physicians and paramedical staff, and one for pharmacists. The data collected showed that the 4 main symptoms used by both health care workers and the general population for diagnosis of malaria were fever, chills, vomiting, and headache. Treatment was administered upon suspicion of infection by 72% of treatment prescribers. Chloroquine was the drug most widely used by prescribers and for self-treatment of malaria. Prophylactic drug treatment was practised by all groups studied except treatment prescribers but was unappropriate for the target groups. Chloroquine is the drug most widely used to protect against the disease. Pharmacists have adequate supplies but distribution is poor. Despite promising results in the fight against malaria, further effort is needed to train health care workers and provide information to the population.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1995

[Malaria and rice growing in the Senegal River delta (Senegal)].

An epidemiological survey of malaria was carried out from September 1992 to November 1994 in three villages located in the Senegal river delta, two villages growing rice in irrigated fields and one practicing traditional rain water agriculture. Entomological observations showed that Anopheles pharoensis is the main anopheline species caught in the area with a high population density in the rice growing villages. The population density of species of the An. gambiae complex, represented by An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. melas is low. Agressivity rates and anthropophlic indexes of An. pharoensis females are high but their parity rates are low. The malaria transmission is weak and was not perceptible in the area as shown by the negative results obtained with the ELISA tests and the examination of salivary glands. Parasitological indexes, malaria morbidity and incidence rates are low and are in agreement with the entomological data. In the Senegal river delta, irrigation has, on the whole, increased the An. pharoensis density but both malaria transmission and incidence rates did not rise.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

[Prevalence of malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Comparative study of the plasmodial indices in pregnant and non-pregnant women].

The comparison of the prevalence of malaria in pregnant and non pregnant women living in Dakar has interested 1819 women among whom 950 pregnant and 869 non pregnant. For all the examined women, the global plasmoidic index was 2.6% and the gametocytic index 0.1%. Plasmodium falciparum was the only observed species. According to the obtained results, pregnant women, with a plasmoidic index of 4.5% are more often parasited than the non pregnant women, only affected in a proportion of 0.5% Whatever the age, the number of previous pregnancy, the place of residence, the duration of the stay in Dakar may be, the pregnant women are always more often parasited than the non pregnant women and the registered differences are statistically significant. That situation could come from a greater receptivity of the pregnant women what is admitted by some authors. But a more important proportion of natives from rural area was observed among the pregnant women, from where a difference in the exposure to the risk of impaludation between the two groups that could explain the registered results. The global plasmoidic index of 2.6% obtained in the examined women, reflects well the present situation of the malaria endemy in Dakar, a weak hypo-endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of the transmission of malaria in 2 epidemiological patterns in Senegal: the Sahel border and the Sudan-type savanna].

From September 1992 to October 1993 a longitudinal entomological study was carried out in two villages located in different ecological conditions of Senegal, a sahelian area and a sudan-type savanna. Mosquitoes were sampled by night-bites catches and by daytime pyrethrum spray collections. In both villages Anopheles gambiae s.l. is the main vector with An. gambiae in the savanna area of Wassadou and An. arabiensis in the sahelian area of Thiaye. Malaria transmission is mainly seasonal with a man biting rate (ma) and an entomological inoculation rate (h) higher in Wassadou than in Thiaye. In this last one (sahelian area), a high variation of An. gambiae s.l. density was observed, females disappear in the dry season. In the rainy season the main biting rate increases but no infected bite was recorded. In Wassadou (sudan-type savanna), a great difference in An. gambiae s.l. specific composition was observed with An. gambiae predominant in the rainy season and An. arabiensis generally more abundant in the dry season. The biting and inoculation rates were minimum during the dry season (ma = 4 bites/man/night; h = 0.07 infected bites/man/night-, they increase during the rainy season (ma: 52 bites/man/night; h = 1.6 infected bites/man/night). An inhabitant of this village gets annually some 63, bites and 220 infected bites of An. gambiae s.l., mainly during the six months of the rainy season and the early dry season.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Intestinal parasitic diseases and tinea of the scalp in Dakar school population: influence of environmental factors on the infestation level].

We carried out a study during February 1993 in a french and three coranic schools in order to evaluate the incidence of the economical level on the prevalence of intestinal parasites and tinea's scalp. Infection rate by intestinal parasites were 67.4% and 84% respectively in french and coranic schools with significant differences: X2 = 10.8. Infection rate by dermatophytes were 10.6% and 48.8% respectively in francophone and coranic schools with significant differences: X2 = 29.3. Ascaris was predominant through all ages in coranic schools, while amaeba were the main parasites in the upper ages in the french school. Bad environmental features observed in coranic schools as well as in popular areas are risk factors to the infection and contribute to increase the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases and tinea's scalp.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Transmission of malaria in villages far away or situated on the border of a mangrove in Senegal].

During 23 months period, entomological surveys were carried out in three villages of a mangrove area and two others far of the mangrove in the south part of Senegal. An. gambiae s.s was the main malaria vector and the sampling of its population was done by human baits catch. The An. gambiae density was important in the rainy season and the malaria transmission occurred from July to November; the inoculation rate rose from 0 to 123 infected bites per man. Marked yearly and local variations of the transmission intensity were observed. The transmission intensity was higher in the villages far of the mangrove than in those near. The variations of the transmission intensity were related to the larval breeding sites and to the longevity of the An. gambiae females.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Purgative activity of Cassia italica].

Twenty guinea pigs were used to study the effects of Cassia italica leaves and pods extracts on intestinal motricity in vitro. The results obtained showed that the plant stimulate intestinal contractions with dose-dependent relation. Moreover, Cassia italica contractile activity was comparable to the acetylcholine one and was inhibited by atropine. According to these results, Cassia italica purgative activity is supported at least, by it's stimulating effect on intestinal motricity.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

[Cryptosporidiosis among intestinal parasitosis in Senegalese pediatric hospital patients].

From November 1991 to March 1992 authors have carried out a study on the place of cryptosporidiosis among the intestinal diseases in children from a Dakar Pediatric Hospital. Different technics have been used to identify the parasites in the stool: direct examination, followed by Ritchie and Zielh Nielsen modified by Henricksen and Poblenz. The results show that 32% of the children were carriers parasites. Helminths represent 53.2% of the parasites with predominance of Ascaris lumbricoides. Giardia intestinalis is the more representative parasite among the Protozoa which constitute 46.8% of the parasites. 13 cases of parasites associations have been founded. The cryptosporidies have been founded in 3 stools, and constitute 4.6% of the whole parasites. The cryptosporidiosis take a little place among the intestinal diseases in Dakar's children.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Malaria in the Saharan region of Senegal. 2. Parasitological indices].

The malaria parasitological indexes have been studied in three villages situated in the Senegal river central valley. Near one of them an irrigated rice field has been operational since July 1989. Each village has its own health care unit and the consumption of antimalarial drugs, especially chloroquine, is important. The parasitological indexes in children 0 to 9 years old and in patients presenting with symptoms evocative of malarial attacks are low. Irrigation of the rice field area does not seem to be an increasing factor for the malaria parasite rates in the area.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative efficacy of the use of CDC light traps and humans to sampling anopheles populations. Results obtained in the area of Bignona (Senegal)].

The simultaneous use for the purpose of comparison of human bait catch and light trap collection for sampling anopheles populations specially the Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the area of Bignona, Senegal shows that: light traps provide more information on the specific composition of anopheles fauna; the performance of light traps and that of human baits are comparable indoor during the period of high density of anopheles. Outdoor, light traps catch fourth less females A. gambiae. But the two methods always vary in the same pattern and identically reflect the density variations of the populations; there is no significant difference between the repletion status, the physiological age and the sporozoite index of females A. gambiae s.l. collected with each of the 2 methods. Light trap collection may therefore be considered a reliable sampling method for A. gambiae s.l. specially inside houses in some areas where this method can efficiently permit to complete the human bait catch for a malaria transmission study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Fungi in the hospital environment and infectious risk].

Using petridishes at hospital in services with risk patients, we have isolated Aspergillus (41.5%), Penicillium (26.4%), Candida (12.2%), Fusarium (7.5%), Mucorales (5%), Scopulariopsis (5%), Scytalidium (0.8%), Tricothecium (0.8%), Ulocladium (0.8%). Several fungi grew at 37 degrees. These saprophytic fungi could give opportunistic mycoses in immunodeficient patients.

Fungi↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of the efficacy of fenitrothion (Sumithion PM40) on vector density and the prevalence of malaria in Pout (Thiès, Sénégal)].

House-spraying with fenitrothion for malaria control was evaluated in three villages of the Pout rural community (Senegal) between August 1988 and October 1990. The baseline data were collected during the first year. The malaria vector was identified as Anopheles arabiensis and the highest malaria prevalence was observed in October 1988 (38%) in the child population (2-9 years old). A simple round of fenitrothion house-spraying at 1 g/m2 was carried out in the second part of July 1989. About 90% of the houses were treated. The malaria vector was reduced to negligible density and a rapid decrease of malaria prevalence was observed. In this area of short seasonal transmission, where the stability of malaria is low, one single round of spraying led to a marked reduction of malaria transmission and prevalence. The cost of the treatment was about 50 US cents per capita.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Trial of halofantrine in the treatment of malaria attacks by Plasmodium falciparum in Dakar (Senegal)].

Halofantrine has been given to 14 children and 15 adults suffering from an acute attack of P. falciparum malaria and living in Dakar (Senegal) to a total dose of 24 mg/kg/body weight for the first group and 1,500 mg for the second in 3 times at 6-hourly intervals. This treatment has allowed the fever to clear in all cases within 36.3 +/- 19.9 hours and headache to disappear at D3 in 93.1% of cases. A reduction by 93.6% of the average parasite density which amounted before treatment to 27,710 trophozoites/mm3 of blood has been recorded from the day following the beginning of treatment and the parasite clearance obtained in all the patients of whom had chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains in mean time of 58.0 +/- 14.7 hours. In 3 cases (10.7%) a recrudescence of parasitemia has been noticed in D14. Only 1 of them was treated again with halofantrine which proved efficient from D2. The only adverse reactions have been nausea, vomiting, a slight diarrhoea and dizziness which affected only 13.8% of the patients. No abnormality has been noticed at a biological level. These results confirm the efficacy and good tolerance of halofantrine and allow to list it among the resource drugs used for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria in our area.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Endemic parasitic epidemiology in the anti-salt dam area of Bignona (Senegal)].

During the study in the anti-salt dam area in Bignona, we noted that malaria was mesoendemic (IP = 45.2%), with a high transmission during the rainy season. Prevalence rate of schistosomiasis was low. Intestinal parasites were frequent (74.4%). It is to be feared with the putting salt out, the prevalence rate of the parasitic diseases would increase, so it is important to create an unity of follow up.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the sensitivity of Anopheles gambiae to fenitrothion, malathion and DDT in Senegal].

Routine tests of the susceptibility of the female of the A. gambiae complex have been carried out with Fenitrothione, Malathion and DDt in four senegalese regions. Discriminative doses of these insecticides were used with variable exposure times on unfed females caught in houses. A gambiae s. 1 showed normal susceptibility to Fenitrothion and Malathion. With DDT, the results were variable and resistance was observed in Dakar and Kolda.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the efficacity of PESGUARD-PS 201 ultra low volume (ULV) spraying against mosquitos in the Pout area (Thies, Senegal)].

In September 1989, four weekly ULV applications of PESGUARD-PS (Pyrethroid) with SEMCO car mounted ULV aerosol generator in Pout (Thiès, Sénégal) were ineffective against adult populations of Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus and others culicines. No decrease in the mosquito populations was observed both indoor and out door in the test area.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The emergence of chloroquine-resistant malaria in Dakar, Senegal].

In October and November 1988 we carried out in vivo Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity tests for chloroquine in the town of Dakar, where malaria is endemic with increased transmission during the rainy season (July to October). 25 mg/kg/p.c of chloroquine has been administered to 35 patients on three consecutive days, according to the WHO protocol. Clinical and parasitological controls were carried out on D1, D2, D3, D4, D7 and D14. We observed two therapeutic failures: one on D7 among the 32 patients examined during that period, and one on D14 among the 24 patients who were present at control. The important drug pressure and population movements in Dakar are sources of chloroquine resistance which should receive special attention in terms of control and surveillance of this emerging problem.

Adolescent↗