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Biomedical subjects

O G Edholm

Publications and source records attributed to O G Edholm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Studies of gait and mobility in the elderly.

The gait and mobility of 71 subjects aged 60--99 years were studied by completion of a questionnaire, by measurement of time and distance factors using a metal walkway, and by examination of the subject's performance on a simple "obstacle' course. Sway was measured with an ataxiameter. The subjects spanned a wide range of activity levels from those whose outdoor activity was unlimited to those who were housebound. The velocity of walking decreased slightly with age, but depended more on pathology affecting the motor system and on the subject's habitual activity. The mean velocity of walking for the subjects was lower than previously reported for elderly persons. Since the latter were obtained on "elite' subjects with no pathology of the central nervous or locomotor systems, it is proposed that data obtained on subjects in this study, who claimed unlimited activity, might constitute more realistic controls for studies of the effects of disease or for evaluation of rehabilitation. Other factors contributing to mobility, such as rising from a chair, ascending and descending stairs and turning around, were also more dependent on the presence of pathology than on age. The importance of balance was demonstrated by associations between ataxia scores and the velocity of walking and performance on the obstacle course. Subjects who used walking aids walked more slowly, had poor performances on the obstacle course and higher ataxia scores.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

The measurement of food and energy intake in man-an evaluation of some techniques.

A dietary survey was carried out on an Antarctic base over a period of 6 to 12 months on twelve individuals. Three methods of determining individual food and energy intake were used-weighing and recording of food as eaten in combination with food tables, dietary recall, and bomb calorimetry of duplicate meals. Use of weighed food intakes and food composition tables underestimated energy intake by 7% when compared to analysis of duplicate meals by bomb calorimetry. One week was found to be the most practical period over which intake should be measured to determine "habitual" food intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The measurement of daily energy expenditure--an evaluation of some techniques.

An energy balance survey was conducted on an Antarctic base on 12 individuals for periods varying between 6 and 12 months. Energy expenditure was estimated using two activity/dairy card techniques and mean 24-hr heart rate used in conjunction with a variety of derived heart rate/energy expenditure regression equations. The accuracy of the various techniques was determined by comparison with estimates obtained using energy intakes and changes in body fat. No method of measuring energy expenditure was accurate enough to predict fat gain or loss. Errors in individuals were large and random but the mean error in the estimation of energy expenditure of the community was reasonable. When using the dairy card there was no difference between using measured values for energy costs of specific activities and using values taken from the literature. Using heart rate was no less accurate than the diary card if energy expenditure was predicted from a regression line derived from heart rate and log energy expenditure, and the technique was more acceptable to the subjects.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

A longitudinal study of body weight and body fat changes in Antarctica.

Body weight and body fat changes (calculated from skinfold thickness) that occurred in a male population spending a year on an Antarctic base are described. There was a marked individual variation in patterns of weight and fat changes between seasons but mean values for the whole community showed little change over the year. Combining skinfold and body weight measurements revealed probable individual differences in fat gain or loss with weight gain and loss, but the role of changes in total body water or fat-free mass could not be determined. The possibility of combining long-term measurements of body fat and energy intake to provide an estimate of energy expenditure is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

The blood groups and other heriditary blood factors of Yemenite and Kurdish Jews.

Blood specimens collected fro Yemenite and Kurdish Jews living in Israel were tested for 11 blood group systems 5 plasma protein systems and 9 systems of red-cell enzymes. The results of these tests were combined with those of tests on other Yemenite and Kurdish Jews, reported by Godber et al. (1973), the total data sorted according to the place of origin of the subjects or their parents in the Yemen Arab Republic and Kurdistan respectively. Gene frequencies were calculated for each of the local populations so defined. It is confirmed that the Yemenite Jews show a close relationship to the Yemenite Arabs, but those from the southern part of the Yemen Arab Republic have a higher frequency of African marker genes than those in the north. The Habbanite Jews have a similar rather high frequency of African genes (Bonné et al., 1970). The Kurdish Jews from Iran and northern-western Iraq show a moderate genetic resemblance to the indigenous Kurds of Iran, while those from south-eastern Iraq differ considerably, especially in their low frequency of A1, high B, high CDe (R1) and low cde (r).

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1974

Day-to-day weight changes in young men.

1. Body weight changes from day-to-day have been recorded in 140 young soldiers. A total of 2087 weight changes were examined, and 32% of these represented changes of 0.5 kg or more; on 6.2% of all occasions the change was 1.0 kg or more. 2. There were significant correlations between change in body weight and food intake, and also with energy expenditure. Of the large weight changes (0.5 kg or more) 11% were associated with days of exceptionally high or exceptionally low levels of activity; 7% were associated with days when food intake was unusually large or small. 3. On occasions when fluid intake and urine volume were measured, there was a significant correlation between fluid balance (fluid intake less urine volume) and weight change. 4. The weight of faeces varied from 75 to 210 g. It is concluded that irregularity of defaecation can be only a minor cause of weight irregularity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗