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Biomedical subjects

O G Ajao

Publications and source records attributed to O G Ajao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The Ibadan conjoined twins: a report of omphalopagus twins and a review of cases reported in Nigeria over 60 years.

An omphalopagus set of female conjoined twins, undiagnosed prenatally, who presented as obstructed labour needing operative delivery is reported. Their anatomic characteristics and clinical features, including overwhelming sepsis in twin II which forced early separation, and those which led to their demise are described. Twelve other cases reported in Nigeria over the past 60 years are reviewed with reference to the aetiology and epidemiology of conjoined twinning and the determinants of successful surgical separation.

Fatal Outcome↗
PubMed2000

The changing pattern of malignant neoplasms among females in Asir region of Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to compare the frequencies of the various types of malignant neoplasms affecting females in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia during the years 1996-1998, to the experience of a previous report (1987 to 1989) in the same population with rapid advancing health care services. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive approach was adopted. Histopathological records of Asir Central Hospital were reviewed to extract data on female malignant neoplasms seen in the years January 1996-December 1998. The cancer from various sites were ranked based on their percentage (crude relative) frequencies, and compared with the previous report (1987-1989). RESULTS: Of the 274 cases of histologically confirmed female malignant diseases, the breast (22%), skin (9%) and thyroid (7%) were the leading sites. This ranking contrasts with the previous finding (1987-1989) which involved the skin, breast and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in descending order of frequencies. The frequency of gynecological malignancies was relatively higher than in the previous report. CONCLUSION: There may be a need to review the pattern of malignancies in the female population in this region from time to time in order to concurrently update planning on preventive and treatment measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Post operative nausea and vomiting in Nigerians.

A retrospective survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the recovery room over a five year period was conducted, followed by a prospective study of 200 adult patients to estimate the incidence and predisposing factors to nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after anaesthesia and surgery in Nigerians. In the retrospective study only records of 61 patients (0.79%) out of the 7714 post anaesthetic recovery room charts reviewed revealed documentation of vomiting. These were 20 males (32.8%) and 41 females (67.2%). In the prospective study, the incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting within twenty four hours of surgery was 41.6% and 19.6%, respectively. But only two out of 39 patients (one per cent) vomited within the first three hours in postoperative period. The frequency of vomiting varied from one to 15 times and women had significantly more emetic symptoms than men (p < 0.05). Preoperative administration of pethidine and morphine was associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is suggested that Nigerian women should be considered for prophylactic anti-emetic therapy, especially when narcotic analgesic are to be employed in their anaesthetic management.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The prognostic factors in typhoid ileal perforation: a prospective study of 50 patients.

To determine the prognostic factors in typhoid ileal perforation, a prospective study was carried out in 50 patients with typhoid ileal perforation confirmed at operation. Attention was paid to pre-operative and post-operative factors. The sex ratio was 4:1 in favour of male, with an age range of 7-42 years and a mean of 19.5 years. The age and sex had no effect on the prognosis. Late presentation, delay in operation, multiple perforations, and drainage of copious quantities of pus and faecal material from the peritoneal cavity adversely affected the incidence of faecal fistula and the mortality rate. The development of faecal fistula significantly affected the mortality rate. Early presentation, single perforation and moderate amounts of pus/faecal matter draining from the peritoneal cavity enhanced the development of wound infection, wound dehiscence and residual intra-abdominal abscess. Fourteen patients (28%) died, 50% of these within the first 5 post-operative days. Seventy-one per cent of the 14 died within 10 days. Thus, surviving for more than 10 post-operative days tends to give a better chance of recovery. In conclusion, this study has attempted to outline those factors with a strong effect on the progression and outcome of typhoid ileal perforation in Nigerian patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A twenty-year review of malignant colorectal neoplasms at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

PURPOSE: Colorectal malignancies are less common in developing than developed nations because of lower per capita income and higher dietary fiber consumption. This clinicopathologic study attempts to determine changes in the pattern of these neoplasms in Ibadan, Nigeria, during the last two decades. METHODS: The present study is based on the clinical Cancer Registry records and gross and morphologic surgical pathology findings of 526 patients with histologically verified malignant colorectal neoplasms received in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1971 and 1990. RESULTS: Colonic malignancies increased by 81 percent, whereas rectal malignancies decreased 16.1 percent in frequency (P < 0.05). The modal ages were 55 to 60 years and 45 to 50 years for colonic and rectal neoplasms, respectively, in contrast to reported peak occurrence in the seventh decade among Caucasians. Colonic neoplasms were predominantly right-sided (34.3 percent cecal), abdominal mass and pain being major clinical manifestations. This differs from the pattern in American Negroes, among whom colonic carcinomas are predominantly left-sided, dyschezia being an important presentation. As in most other studies, adenocarcinomas were the predominant neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is required to determine prognostically significant features of colorectal cancer in our environment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Experience with 5-fluoro-uracil and levamisole in the management of advanced rectal carcinoma.

Eleven cases of bulky rectal carcinoma occupying the whole of the pelvis are presented. We refer to this advanced rectal carcinoma as "frozen" pelvis. Management of these cases includes performing a divided stoma colostomy, intravenous administration of 5-fluoro-uracil, intraperitoneal instillation of 5-fluoro-uracil when ascites is present, intra-rectal perfusion with 5-fluoro-uracil, administration of levamisole, and radiotherapy. We think this regimen improves, to some extent, the quality of life and probably prolongs survival period, although disturbing tenesmus does not disappear completely. This will buttress the argument that abdomino-perineal resection is justified when possible, even if only as a palliative measure to prevent disturbing tenesmus.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Typhoid ileal perforation: the value of delayed primary closure of abdominal wounds.

Twenty-four patients with typhoid perforation of the terminal ileum operated on over a period of 1 year were studied to evaluate delayed primary closure of abdominal wounds. Twenty patients with the same diagnosis had primary wound closure to serve as control. Over 80% of the patients were between 1st and 3rd decades of life. The male:female ratio was 3:1 to 4:1. Mean duration of symptoms was 9.83 and 11.25 days while that of peritonitis was 2.87 and 2.50 days for the study and control groups, respectively. Terminal ileal perforations were confirmed in all and mean volume of pus and faeculent peritoneal fluid were 529 ml and 482 ml, respectively. Wound infection occurred in 70.8% and 70% of the study and control groups, respectively. Other complications such as wound dehiscence occurred in 37.5% and 35%, residual intraabdominal abscess in 8.3% and 10%, and faecal fistula in 8.3% and 10% of the study and control groups, respectively. Mortality was in 25% and 20%, respectively. The above results suggest that delayed primary closure has no value in preventing abdominal wound infection in typhoid perforation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Cup-and-spill gastric deformity following Hassab's procedure for oesophageal varices: case report.

Hassab's operation for selected case of oesophageal varices is believed by many workers to be a very satisfactory procedure. Various complications following this procedure have been reported, but none has reported a case of Cup-and-Spill gastric deformity following this operation. We present such a complication following this procedure on a senior medical colleague with oesophageal varices resulting from a subclinical or previously undiagnosed hepatitis resulting in liver fibrosis. He responded fairly well to conservative treatment and small feed at frequent interval.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Anaesthesia and surgical aspects of thyroid swelling: the Ibadan experience.

Seventy-five cases of thyroid swelling operated on at the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a period of two years and three months (March 1990 - May 1993) were reviewed. The male-female ratio was 1:8.6, and the highest incidence was in the fourth decade (34.7%). Benign nodular and multinodular goitre constituted 80%, solitary adenoma constituted 6.7%, papillary carcinoma constituted 4% and toxic goitre 9.3%. Approximately 20% presented with a duration of over 5 years, and 22.7% of the glands removed weighed over 100 gms. Eighteen of the cases (24%) showed tracheal deviation, but this did not cause preoperative respiratory problems although there were difficulties in endotracheal incubation during anaesthesia. The non-toxic benign goitres were totally asymptomatic regardless of their size, and the indication for surgery was for cosmetic reasons. We did not routinely search for the recurrent laryngeal nerve and we did not routinely dissect out the inferior thyroid artery for ligation at its main trunk.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Colo-rectal carcinoma in a tropical African population: an overview report.

Fifty-one selected cases of colo-ano-rectal carcinoma seen in a tropical African population over a period of two decades were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups. Group A were those cases seen under the age of thirty years, Group B were the resectable rectal carcinoma because they were bulky and occupied the whole of the pelvis. This we referred to as cases with "frozen" pelvis. Our modality of treatment consists of surgical excision when possible, the use of Levamisole, the use of 5-Fluoro-Uracil either intravenously, intraperitonealy and intrarectally as the case requires and radiotherapy when available. For Group A, the average survival period is 10.6 months, for Group B, it is 17.3 months and for Group C, it is 14.5 months. Symptoms of tenesmus and ascites improved by intrarectal and intraperitoneal infusion of calculated dose of 5-Fluoro-Uracil.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Parotid lipoma: a report of two cases.

Parotid lipoma is a rare non-epithelial tumour of the salivary gland. In this communication, we present two cases and highlight the physical findings that aid the diagnosis and review the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Crush injuries of the hand.

A retrospective review of 58 patients presenting with crush injuries of the hand within the 6 year period April 1984 to March 1990 was undertaken. The male-female ratio was 3:1, with a mean age of 25.13 +/- 15.1 years. The peak incidence was in the 3rd decade of life. Machines (55.17%) were the commonest cause with the pepper grinder featuring most prominently. The dorsum (60.3%), little (55.1%) and ring (53.5%) fingers of the right hand were the most commonly involved. Most of the injuries were multiple. Management was mainly conservative and entailed initial limited debridement, thorough washing with soap and water under adequate anaesthesia, bulky boxing glove dressing, elevation, antibiotics and early hand physiotherapy with late reconstruction. Results were excellent in 13 (22.41%), good in 19 (32.76%) poor in 23 (39.66%) and unknown in 3 (5.17%) who were lost to follow-up. Our poor result is perhaps the warning signal that we should abandon our extreme conservative stance and be more aggressive in our attitude to these injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

"Silent" abdominal tuberculosis: a report of six cases.

Six cases of "silent" or subclinical abdominal tuberculosis seen in patients who belong to the upper socio-economic class, but with a humble childhood are presented. The patients are usually from the Third World countries and the condition is often missed or mis-diagnosed. This condition is often precipitated by some stressful situation, and the presentation is not typical of the well-known clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis. This is most likely due to the fact that the high standard of living later in life tends to distort the classical clinical features of tuberculous abdomen as seen in the rest of the population. There is usually a dramatic response to anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Ascarid granuloma presenting as pseudotumour.

Three patients with histologically confirmed ascarid granuloma who presented clinically with abdominal masses simulating abdominal tuberculosis or lymphoma are described. The clinical course of one patient was complicated by the formation of a spontaneous faecal fistula and perforation of the terminal ileum. In two cases there was rupture of the inflammatory pseudotumour through the anterior abdominal wall.

Abdomen↗