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Biomedical subjects

O Ekberg

Publications and source records attributed to O Ekberg.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Radiology in cutaneous sinuses and fistulae.

In patients with cutaneous openings, sinography and fistulography are usually performed. Fistulae in the head/neck region and perineum are seldom life-threatening while enterocutaneous fistulae involving the small bowel can be a serious threat due to loss of fluid. Radiology contributes to the preoperative examination of these patients. Fistulography outlines communications to the gastrointestinal tract, pleura, joints and other underlying crucial structures. Involved bowel segments are further demonstrated with barium examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Needle-tract seeding after percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of pancreatic carcinoma. Case report.

Needle-tract seeding is a rare complication following percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of intra-abdominal tumours and only a few cases have been reported. Two cases of cutaneous implantation of a tumour in the needle-tract after biopsy of pancreatic carcinomas are presented. In experimental studies, seeding of malignant cells in the needle-tracts is common and the discrepancy between experimental and clinical findings is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cricopharyngeal myotomy on pharyngoesophageal function: pre- and postoperative cineradiographic findings.

The pre- and postoperative cineradiographic findings in 14 dysphagic patients who underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy were compared. The reason for the operation was Zenker's diverticulum (7 patients), lack of cricopharyngeal coordination (5 patients), or a cervical esophageal web (2 patients). After the operation the function of the epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, and pharyngeal constrictors was unaltered (11 patients) or improved (3 patients), although 4 cases showed residual impression due to the cricopharyngeal muscle. Postoperatively, 9 patients developed defective peristalsis and 10 had impaired tonicity of the cervical esophagus. It is concluded that myotomy alters the motor function of the pharyngoesophageal segment considerably. Moreover, certain functions of the pharynx proper are changed by this procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The Kock continent ileostomy--radiology of dysfunctions.

Some patients who have undergone coloproctectomy due to colitis or polyposis with a continent ileostomy constructed ad modum Kock reveal postoperative, secondary abnormalities and dysfunction. The radiological appearance of the pouch in six such patients who complained of incontinence and/or difficulties to catheterize is reported and the findings are correlated with the findings at subsequent surgery and/or endoscopy. It can be concluded that radiology can contribute substantially to the morphodynamic assessment of patients with dysfunction of a Kock ileostomy whereas endoscopy easily depicts mucosal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dysfunction of the pharyngo-oesophageal segment in patients with normal opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter: a cineradiographic study.

Abnormal opening of the upper oesophageal sphincter, i.e. abnormal relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle, is common in dysphagic patients. It is often present together with other motor abnormalities in the pharyngo-oesophageal (PO) segment, such as defective tonicity, relaxation and peristalsis. However, such PO motor dysfunction was demonstrated in 22 dysphagic patients who had normal relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Ten had defective peristalsis in the segment cranial to the cricopharyngeus. In eight of these, barium contrast medium was retained at the end of the bolus passage. In one patient the cricopharyngeal muscle contracted too early ahead of the peristalsis. In four patients peristalsis and tonus were defective within the cervical oesophagus. In 145 non-dysphagic volunteers, with normal relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle, there was no such motor dysfunction in the PO segment. Our observations indicate that motor function of the PO segment is normally synchronous and symmetrical. Motor dysfunction within the PO segment is rare but is detectable with a cineradiographic technique. In the absence of other morphological and functional abnormalities within the pharynx proper, it is probable that these motor dysfunctions in a dysphagic patient may have importance for the development of symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Obturator hernia--clinical significance of radiologic diagnosis.

Obturator hernia was revealed in 15 of 850 patients undergoing herniography for investigation of groin pain of obscure cause. The 15 patients (4 men, 11 women) were retrospectively analyzed in regard to symptoms, treatment and clinical outcome. They were of normal physique and with median age 56 years. Surgical exploration was performed in five cases, but confirmed presence of hernial sac in only two. Even after hernial repair these two patients still had symptoms. Two of the three patients with negative surgical findings were asymptomatic postoperatively. Of the ten patients without surgery, six had only minor symptoms and in four the symptoms were in the contralateral groin. The study showed that herniography in patients with groin pain can reveal small obturator hernias, but these hernias are mostly without significance for the patient's symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pharyngo-oesophageal webs in dysphageal patients. A radiologic and clinical investigation in 1134 patients.

Among 1134 patients, cineradiologically examined because of dysphagia, 85 (7.5%) had webs in the pharyngo-oesophageal segment. Webs were more common in women (10%) compared to men (5%). Radiologic characteristics of the webs such as precise location, multiplicity, circumferential extension, thickness, accompanying streamline phenomenon and encroachment on the lumen, were compared to the presence of concomitant anaemia, thyroid disease, neoplasm, as well as the age and sex of the patients. Webs were regularly deeper in women compared to men. Patients with iron deficiency anaemia had thicker webs compared to patients without such anaemia. No other radiologic characteristics were found that could be used for distinguishing these potentially more significant webs from those in patients without such concomitant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound guided percutaneous drainage of pericardial fluid with an indwelling catheter.

The technique of ultrasonographic guided percutaneous drainage of pericardial fluid, applied in three patients, is reported. The primary disease was synovial sarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis and prostatic carcinoma, respectively. Although three slightly different techniques and catheters were used all patients were sufficiently drained and the clinical symptoms promptly relieved. The catheters were left for drainage 3 months, 5 days and 14 days respectively. There were no major complications. One patient complained of transient palpitations. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided catheter drainage seems to be a safe method in patients with pericardial fluid where an indwelling catheter is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of calcium, fluoride and magnesium supplementations on tissue mineralization in calcium- and magnesium-deficient rats.

There is considerable uncertainty about the interrelated effects of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and fluoride (F) on hypocalcification of the skeleton and Ca accumulation in vital soft tissues. This paper describes experiments with rats fed a diet deficient in Ca and Mg, the latter deficiency being accentuated by a low potassium content. For different groups the drinking water was supplemented with Ca, Mg, F, Ca + F or Mg + F; Ca and F were supplied as chemically compatible compounds. At the end of the 54-d experiment, plasma Ca was strongly reduced in the Ca-deficient groups. Plasma Mg was reduced particularly in the test groups supplied with Ca, without any influence of F supply or varying plasma F. Ca accumulation was much more pronounced in the kidneys than in the heart or aorta, but was mitigated by both Mg and F supplementation. Bone mineralization disturbance due to the dietary imbalance was preventable only by Ca or Ca + F supplementation, and was less in alveolar bone than in femur. However, the Ca supplement was associated with the highest aorta and heart Ca contents, and Ca + F was associated with marked renal Ca accumulation; adequate Mg supply may be essential with Ca + F administration against osteoporosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Herniography: comparison of morbidity and image quality after use of high and low osmolality contrast media.

The morbidity and image quality after administration of three different contrast media were compared in 229 patients referred for herniography. Sixty patients received metrizoate 150 mg I/ml, 92 received metrizoate 200 mg I/ml, and 77 patients, ioxaglate 200 mg I/ml. Patient discomfort was single-blindedly assessed based on an arbitrary verbal rating scale. The number of patients with pain increased with the osmolality of the contrast media. Metrizoate 200 induced pain in 57% of the patients, metrizoate caused pain in 39%, and ioxaglate 200 in 18%. Hernia patients who received metrizoate 200 had pain significantly more often (72%) than patients without hernia (45%). Seven patients, predominantly young men, had a vasovagal reaction associated with the administration of contrast media. The image quality was sufficient after all injections of 200 mg I/ml. The results indicate that low osmolality contrast media with an iodine concentration of about 200 mg I/ml are well suited for herniography.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The normal movements of the hyoid bone during swallow.

The position of the hyoid bone during quiet breathing and its movement during pharyngeal swallow, as well as its relation to the movement of the epiglottis and the elevation of the rima glottidis were studied with cineradiography in 50 nondysphagial volunteers. The movement of the hyoid bone occurred in either a two-step (40 patients) or a one-step (10 patients) fashion. The findings confirm that pharyngeal swallow is executed with precision and with only small variability in measured parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The cricopharyngeus revisited.

The motor function of the pharyngo-oesophageal (PO) segment during swallowing in terms of tonicity, relaxation and peristalsis was evaluated in 25 patients with a posterior cricopharyngeus impression. Functional abnormalities were common. Defective tonicity was present in 11 patients. Relaxation was normal in all patients except at the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Abnormal peristalsis was present in 19 patients as weakness, paresis or abnormal timing. The impression of the cricopharyngeus was effaced during the late stage of swallowing due to collapse proximal and distal to the cricopharyngeus. It was not due to successive distension at the level of the cricopharyngeus. In 11 patients there was some retention of barium proximal to the cricopharyngeus after the passage of the barium bolus. This was due to weakness in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and/or an abnormal timing of the peristalsis whereby contraction of the cricopharyngeus occurred before peristalsis in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor had cleared the pharynx of barium. The observations indicate that bulging of the cricopharyngeal muscle is only one aspect of a profoundly altered motor function of the PO segment.

Cineradiography↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasonography in asymptomatic patients with abnormal biochemical liver tests.

A substantial number of patients referred for ultrasound examination of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas are asymptomatic but have abnormal biochemical liver test results. Retrospective evaluations were made of abdominal ultrasonographies in 286 such patients (159 men and 127 women). Normal studies were found in 104 of the men (65%) and 78 of the women (61%). Cholecystolithiasis with or without chronic cholecystitis was found in 24 of the men (15%) and 36 of the women (28%); diffuse liver parenchyma disease was found in 21 of the men (13%) and 7 of the women (6%). Other significant abnormalities were chronic pancreatitis (3), carcinoma of the gallbladder (2), liver metastasis (2), hepatocellular carcinoma (1), lymphoma (1), and ampullary carcinoma (1). Ultrasonography is a suitable technique for evaluation of asymptomatic patients with abnormal biochemical liver test results, and we have adopted it as the method of choice in this setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Double-contrast examination of the pharynx.

The radiographic techniques for evaluation of the pharynx are described, with particular emphasis on double-contrast examination. Radiographic anatomy of the pharynx is illustrated.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1985

Herniography of femoral, obturator and perineal hernias.

Positive contrast herniography was used in the workup of 550 patients with unclear groin pain. The majority of these patients had rather characteristic hernias of indirect, direct or femoral type. However, now and then diagnostic problems arose. A femoral hernia may look like a direct, indirect or even obturator hernia. There is also a variety of multilocular femoral hernias and other types. A femoral hernia may be present together with other hernias in the ipsilateral or contralateral groin. Obturator hernias are usually small but are always confined to the obturator canal laterally in the obturator foramen. Abnormalities in the pouch of Douglas may include a deep rectogenital pouch, diverticula and true herniations. These uncommon herniographic findings are described and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Herniography in anterior abdominal wall hernia.

The clinical diagnosis of anterior abdominal wall hernia is difficult in patients with a negative or inconclusive physical examination. These hernias are often of an interparietal type which hampers their detection. Herniography may contribute to the clinical workup in patients with Spigelian, incisional, and umbilical hernias. As the clinical presentation may be spurious, herniography should be used on wide indications. The herniographic appearance and differential diagnosis of these hernias are reported. The additional use of ultrasonography in this setting is illustrated and discussed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Defecography.

Defecography is a technique of examining the rectum and anal canal in which the patient is studied while sitting down rather than recumbent and recordings are obtained both at rest and during straining. The authors describe their findings in 83 patients with dyschezia. Defecation was normal in 28 patients. Prolapse of the anal mucosa was seen in 13 patients and internal procidentia in 23, 12 of whom also had intussusception manifested as rectal prolapse. A deep rectogenital fossa associated with an enterocele was seen in 16 patients; 13 had a proctocele, while fecal retention was seen in 5. Descent of the pelvic floor and changes in the angle between the rectum and anal canal were assessed. The authors recommend defecography as a more physiological means of assessing rectal dysfunction.

Adult↗