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Biomedical subjects

O Dehlin

Publications and source records attributed to O Dehlin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Urinary incontinence in primary health care. 1. Perceived knowledge and training among various categories of nursing personnel and care units.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate perceived knowledge, skills and education of urinary incontinence (UI), focusing on UI facts, product assessment, and quality of care. DESIGN: A quantitative-qualitative questionnaire study. SETTING: Three different care units; a health care centre, a nursing home, and a geriatric clinic in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 254 nurses, nursing assistants, and auxiliary nurses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to questionnaire. RESULTS: The study shows fragmentary knowledge about UI facts, aid products, and costs, and a lack of holistic view. The differences in knowledge between the groups were small but registered nurses generally showed better results, probably due to their longer vocational training. The health care centre had the best total knowledge as regards facts about UI. CONCLUSION: All categories of nursing personnel wanted more knowledge about UI care and aids, which indicates that improvements in quality of care could be achieved by increasing product awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Urinary incontinence in primary health care. 2. Care routines and consequences--perception of various categories of nursing personnel and care units.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the nursing personnel's perceptions of urine incontinence (UI) care routines and patient observations were in agreement with quality of care, and to analyse differences between nursing personnel categories and care units. DESIGN: A quantitative-qualitative questionnaire study. SETTING: Three different care units; a health care centre, a nursing home, and a geriatric clinic in a county in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 254 nurses, nursing assistants, and auxiliary nurses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to questionnaire. RESULTS: Faulty perception of UI, diagnosis and treatment possibilities. Care routines about hygiene and integrity, and knowledge about volume frequency chart, selection and changing of pads seemed to be indulgent. Registered nurses showed slightly better results than the other groups, even if the differences were small. There were no significant differences between the care units, but the health care centre had the best total result as regards patient observations. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that the nurses used faulty procedures to achieve quality of care. The study especially highlighted the role of nurses in primary health care, but since UI is a multidisciplinary symptom it demands interest and UI qualification of all personnel groups in the primary health care team.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Family network and mortality: survival chances through the lifespan of an entire age cohort.

This study relates certain family network variables (martial status and number of children) to chances of survival. Through multivariate analysis, survival is also related to social class, social mobility, migration and local environment, and legitimacy of birth. All persons in a local birth cohort born in the years 1902 and 1903 were followed in population records from birth until eighty years of age. The group comprised 487 individuals with a dropout rate of 4 percent. Univariate survival analysis between twenty to eighty years of age showed widows and also divorced women to have a significantly higher survival than those still married and never married. Never married men and women had the lowest survival rates. The number of children was not associated with survival for neither men nor women when controlled for marital status. Multiple regression survival analysis showed different patterns for males and females. The risk of not surviving to eighty years of age for men resulted from a combination of being single, downward social mobility, a father in the manual working class group and few children, with being single as the strongest predictor. For women the strongest predictor for death before eighty was the category single and/or married (as opposed to earlier married). The combination of being single/married, high migration, earlier life mainly in rural areas, and having few children were predictors in the model of death before eighty. Thus, for both men and women marital status was the strongest predictor for survival but in different ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Dementia is not the only mental problem among the elderly. Long-term perspective is important for care].

The entire 1902 and 1903 birthyear cohorts in the catchment area of Dalby Community Health Centre in southern Sweden have been followed with health examinations and interviews every second year since 1969-70. Of the total of 192 subjects, complete data are available for 153. Of 65 subjects surviving at the age of 83, 6 per cent were advanced dementia cases, 11 per cent were in the early stages of dementia, and a further 17 per cent were afflicted with other mental problems requiring help and care. Of those who died before the age of 83, 11 per cent were afflicted with dementia, with a further 4 per cent in the early stages, and 17 per cent had other mental problems. Thus, the overall risk of dementia is at least 16 per cent, but may eventually turn out to be as high as 30 per cent, while those with other forms of mental dysfunction, serious enough to require help in ADL, account for a similar proportion. The annual incidence of dementia is 7.5 per mill (10.6 per mill including those in early stages). The risk of institutionalisation and death was much higher among the dementia victims, most of whom had had little support from the social services, and some none at all, before being institutionalised. Dementia victims came into contact with the medical services much earlier than did mentally healthy patients with other, often vague and more varied symptoms. It is argued in the article that current concern with dementia should not be allowed to divert our attention from the needs, diagnosis and care of the many elderly patients with other mental problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Stability and change of personality in old age and its relation to survival.

Stability of personality characteristics with increasing age was analyzed in a Swedish longitudinal study using a modified version of the Rod-and-Frame Test. This test was analyzed in a serial manner in order to emphasize cognitive style. Two important findings emerged. First, during the 6 years between the ages of 67 and 73, 80% of the study participants showed stability in the field independence-dependence dimension. Second, stability of the field independence-dependence trait between ages 67 and 73 predicted survival to age 83, whereas destabilization (i.e., changes of Rod-and-Frame Test classification) was significantly associated with earlier death. In most cases, destabilization meant that field-independent subjects became field dependent. The results are discussed in relation to dispositional and situational factors. Causative factors for destabilization are hypothesized.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of alprazolam in geriatric patients with neurotic depression.

The pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was studied in 10 geriatric patients (5 males, 5 females) with neurotic depression during a 6-week period. After 0.5 mg of alprazolam on Day 1 the mean elimination half-life was 11.1 hr and Cmax 12.3 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic evaluation on Day 1 (t 1/2, tmax) did not differ significantly from the evaluation on Day 42. The mean daily dosage on Day 42 was 1.6 mg alprazolam. The concentrations of the metabolites alpha-OH alprazolam and 4-OH alprazolam were less than 10% of that of alprazolam. All the patients improved clinically. The most common side effect was drowsiness, more often during the first week than the last week.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of six depression rating scales in geriatric stroke patients.

We compared three self-rating scales (the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Zung Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) with three examiner-rating scales (the Hamilton Rating Scale, the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Depression, and the Cornell Scale), to see which was best for 40 elderly (mean age 80 years) stroke patients, 17 of whom were depressed according to clinical examination. External validity and concurrent validity were good for all except the Cornell Scale. Reliability (internal consistency) showed that some items were not significantly correlated, which might be explained by our selection of the patients. The Geriatric Depression Scale, the Zung Scale, and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Depression had the highest sensitivity, and the Zung Scale had the highest positive predictive value (93%). With regard to internal consistency, sensitivity, and predictive value, the best self-rating scales were the Geriatric Depression and the Zung scales and the best examiner-rating scale was the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Elderly handicapped persons in a primary care district: changes during a 5-8 year follow-up.

643 handicapped persons born in 1918 or earlier were found at an inventory in 1975-78. In a follow-up 5-8 years later the mortality was 46%, which was significantly higher compared to the general mortality in the same age groups. There was no relationship between social class and mortality. Based on data from the first study, the deceased showed, compared to the surviving, impaired ADL and they used more medical and social care. The surviving population showed impairments in primary and secondary ADL during the follow-up. Elderly handicapped persons constitute a group at risk as they have an increased mortality and a great need of medical and social care. They should therefore be known to the medical profession.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Hypnotic effect of chlormethiazole in geriatric patients during long-term treatment.

The hypnotic effect of chlormethiazole was studied for 3 months in 20 geriatric in-patients. Registered variables were the percentage of patients asleep at 10 pm and 6 am and the observed number of awakenings. Mental and somatic variables were rated according to the Crichton Geriatric Behavioural Rating Scale. Observations were made every second week. In 11 of the patients the plasma concentration of chlormethiazole was measured at regular intervals. No systematic significant change with time was observed for the percentage of patients asleep at 10 pm or for the number of awakenings. A significant decrease occurred in the percentage of patients asleep at 6 am. The long-term treatment with chlormethiazole did not cause any deterioration in the patients' behaviour, according to the geriatric rating scheme. Observed peak plasma levels of chlormethiazole did not change significantly during the study. Great interindividual variations in the plasma concentrations were observed. The results indicate that chlormethiazole is lastingly effective as a hypnotic agent in geriatric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A double-blind comparison of alaproclate and placebo in the treatment of patients with senile dementia.

A double-blind parallel comparison of alaproclate and placebo was carried out in patients suffering from senile dementia of primary degenerative type, or multiinfarction dementia. Both groups consisted of 20 patients each, valid for efficacy evaluation. The patients received either alaproclate 200 mg twice daily or placebo according to a randomized procedure. The study started with a placebo washout period of 2 weeks followed by a 4-week period of active treatment or placebo and a finishing 2-week placebo washout period. The efficacy was evaluated with a dementia rating scale by Gottfries, Bråne and Steen (GBS), selected items from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), a rating scale for dementia adapted for nurses, and by clinical global evaluations. No difference in efficacy between the two treatments was observed with the exception of the intellectual factor of the GBS scale, where a statistically significant improvement was detected in the alaproclate group compared with the placebo group. There were no serious adverse symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Prevalence of dementia syndromes in persons living in homes for the elderly and in nursing homes in southern Sweden.

The prevalence of dementia syndromes was studied in individuals aged 70 and over living in institutions integrated into primary care within a limited area in southern Sweden. The populations studied were all persons living in homes for the elderly in the city of Lund (n = 471) and all persons living in nursing homes in the Lund health service district (n = 384). In the former, 30% were moderately demented and 6% severely demented. The corresponding figures for patients in nursing homes were 33% and 36%. Among the various psychiatric symptoms which are common in dementia, confusion was most prevalent. In the homes for the elderly, 32% of the subjects were moderately or severely confused, while the corresponding figure in the nursing homes was 62%. The consumption of sedatives and hypnotics was greater in homes for the elderly than in nursing homes. The presence of moderate or severe dementia was associated with greater use of sedatives and hypnotics in nursing homes. Prevalence studies of this type might be used to study organizational changes in the care of the elderly within a health service district.

Aged↗