Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

O Dahl

Publications and source records attributed to O Dahl.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Radiotherapy and resection for apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinoma.

Sixty-seven patients with primary, apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinomas were referred for radiotherapy from a defined geographic region in Norway during the period from 1976 to 1981. Fifty-five were without detectable metastasis at referral and were potentially resectable. Patients were given high energy radiation towards abdominal chimney or pelvic fields to a dose of 3150 rads. Resection was attempted after three weeks. Additional radiotherapy was given to both resected and nonresected patients to a NSD (nominal standard dose) of 1400 to 1560 ret (rad equivalent therapy). At full radiation dose, nonresected patients were reexamined, and in some explorative laparotomy with resection was attempted. Twenty patients had radical resections in the pelvis, but five of them had moderately advanced distant metastasis. Nine patients are disease-free at 12+ to 76+ months. Although the overall prognosis for the patients with apparently inoperable rectal adenocarcinomas remains poor (median survival 12 months), some patients can achieve long-term disease-free survival after combined radiotherapy and surgery. Patients with moderately advanced metastasis can enjoy a better of quality of life without local symptoms following the combined treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Differences in phagocytic/adherence properties between normal neutrophils.

Neutrophils, serum opsonins and staphylococci were incubated at 37 degrees C with continuous end-over-end rotation. The observed frequency of neutrophils with 0, 1, 2... staphylococci deviated systematically from that expected for a Poisson distribution. This suggests marked differences in phagocytosis/adherence between the neutrophils, indicating different neutrophil populations.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of breast carcinoma with aminoglutethimide.

During the past three years 52 patients (51 females and 1 male) have been treated for advanced carcinoma of the breast with aminoglutethimide (AG) with addition of a glucocorticoid. More than half of the patients had received three or more systemic treatments and at least two different endocrine regimens before the start of the AG therapy. All patients had previously been treated with tamoxifen. The treatment had to be discontinued after less than six weeks in 2 patients due to acute toxicity and in 4 patients due to intercurrent disease. Fifteen out of the 52 patients had an objective response; 4 complete responders were noted. In addition, the disease remained stable for 2 to 19 months in 16 patients. Aminoglutethimide in combination with a glucocorticoid seems to be an efficient treatment as a late endocrine alternative in a sequence of different endocrine regimens.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of the in vitro activity of azlocillin and carbenicillin against 856 clinical bacterial isolates.

Eight hundred and fifty-six strains of more than ten species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp and Acinetobacter spp, were tested by the disc diffusion method against azlocillin and carbenicillin. Azlocillin was found to be superior to carbenicillin against Pseudomonas spp, and more than 90% of the tested strains had minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values well below the serum levels attainable after recommended doses of azlocillin. Against Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-positive cocci, however, azlocillin seemed to have little to offer.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

Effect of timing and sequence of hyperthermia and cyclophosphamide on a neurogenic rat tumor (BT4A) in vivo.

The interaction of hyperthermia (HT) 1 hour at 44.0 degrees C and cyclophosphamide (CP) 200 mg/kg was studied in vivo in a solid transplantable neurogenic rat tumor (BT4A) in the foot of BD IX rats. HT was given by water bath heating. When both modalities were close in time (CP immediately before HT or 1 hour before HT), an enhanced effect with complete regression and cure of tumors was seen. This could not be obtained with either modality alone. Extending the interval between treatments within 24 hours, an effect equal to the sum of each modality was obtained when HT was given before CP, while HT after CP was less effective. Timing and sequence may be critical factors for the optimal combination of HT and cytotoxic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Aminoglutethimide treatment in advanced breast cancer: an efficient therapy as a late endocrine alternative in a sequential therapeutic approach.

During the last 2 years we have treated 24 patients (23 females and 1 male) with aminoglutethimide plus glucocorticoid for advanced breast cancer. More than half of the patients had received more than 3 systemic treatments before start of aminoglutethimide (AG), and at least half of the patients had been given more than 2 different endocrine regimens. There were 8 previous responders to endocrine therapy and in 10 patients steroid receptor status predicted response to therapy. Nine of 22 patients (two had to stop after less than 1 month due to acute toxicity) had an objective response; there were 2 complete responders. Most side effects were not serious, subsiding within a few weeks. In one patient agranulocytosis was observed. AG with glucocorticoid replacement seems to be an effective treatment as a late endocrine alternative in a sequence of different endocrine regimens.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1983

Hyperthermic potentiation of doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin in a transplantable neurogenic rat tumor (BT4A) in BD IX rats.

The combined effect of hyperthermia and doxorubicin on the neurogenic rat cell line BT4C was found to be synergistic in vitro. The present investigation was initiated to study if this synergistic effect also could be obtained in vivo. An enhanced effect occurred when doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin 7 mg/kg body weight were given 30 minutes prior to local water bath hyperthermia (one hour at 44.0 degrees C). The local side effects of the combined treatment did not increase above that of hyperthermia alone. Therefore, local hyperthermia may become a useful modality for enhancement of the effect of anthracyclines on tumors with marginal drug sensitivity or bulky tumors with poor drug penetration.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The changing pattern of recurrence in oestrogen positive and negative breast cancer with nodal spread, related to efferent vascular invasion.

In a series of 50 cases of node-positive breast carcinoma, 11 of 26 of those with efferent vascular invasion (EVI) in the axillary nodes at the time of operation were dead 3 years later, in contrast to 1 of 24 EVI-negative. Recurrence within the 1st year was more common in the cases with an oestrogen receptor (ER) negative primary, but by the 3rd year this trend had reversed, and there were more recurrences in the ER-positive. While recurrence and death came earlier in EVI + ER - cases, the EVI + ER + followed soon after. Next came recurrence and death in the EVI - ER +, while there have been no deaths to date in the EVI - ER -. A model is proposed to explain the timing of recurrence in these different groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Chemotherapy of a malignant, metastasizing giant-cell tumor of bone: report of an unusual case and the response to combination chemotherapy.

A 13-year-old girl was treated surgically for a giant-cell tumor of bone originating in the talus and for a recurrence in the distal tibia. She later developed liver and lung metastases and was treated for two years, five months with a combination of vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin-D, and thereafter with high-dose methotrexate/vincristine with citrovorum factor rescue. A good response was obtained and the patient is without evidence of disease 12 months after a salvage thoracotomy for residual disease in the left lung. Aspects of this singular case are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of an antibody to factor VIII in a patient with acquired hemophilia with circulating immune complexes.

A 73-year-old previously healthy woman was admitted because of severe bleeding from esophagitic lesions and intraabdominal bleeding following hysterectomy. Acquired hemophilia, probably due to an IgG antibody to factor VIII (64 inhibitor units/ml) was noticed, the VIII:C in the patient's plasma being 18% or normal. Immune complexes isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation had only a weak factor VIII inhibiting activity whereas IgG purified from the complexes and monomeric IgG present in her plasma exerted a strong inhibition. Removal of the complexes from plasma had no effect on the inhibitor titer thus indicating that only a minor part of the antibody was circulating as immune complexes. Plasma or purified IgG from the patient decreased the VIII:C of normal plasma to 18 og 14%, respectively, total inhibition being impossible to achieve even in antibody excess, probably reflecting residual activity of factor VIII bound to the patient's antibodies. The ristocetin cofactor activity of normal plasma was unaffected by the antibodies. Transfusion of factor VIII concentrate to the patient resulted in therapeutic levels of circulating factor VIII and transfused factor VIII circulated longer than usual. Partial remission of the disease with adequate levels of VIII:C occurred after 3 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of hyperthermia on a neurogenic rat cell line (BT4A) in vivo.

The effect of hyperthermia alone on the growth of the BT4A neurogenic tumour implanted into the feet of BD IX rats has been investigated. Following treatment by immersion of the tumour-bearing leg in a water bath at 42.0 to 45.0 degrees C a temporary retardation of tumour growth was observed but no cure. The lag phase before regrowth occurred was temperature and time dependent. A log-liner correlation was found between the surviving fraction previously found in vitro and the heat sensitivity of the cell line in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pneumothorax during combination chemotherapy.

Two patients with pulmonary metastases from synovial sarcoma and germ-cell tumor developed first bilateral, then repeated unilateral pneumothoraces during combination chemotherapy. It is suggested that chemotherapy may occasionally cause pneumothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Important of HLA matching in cadaveric renal transplantation. A prospective one-center study.

Matching for the HLA-A and -B antigens was found to have a significant influence on the outcome of 459 cadaveric first transplants, with a difference in graft survival of 21% at one year between best and worst matched grafts (p = 0.003). Matching for the HLA-DR antigens seemed to have an even greater influence. In a material of 226 prospectively typed transplants, a difference in graft survival of 35% at one year between best and worst matched transplants was found (p = 0.03). In the HLA-DR matched transplants there was no significant effect of matching for the HLA-A and -B antigens. An effect of pre-transplant blood transfusions was possibly seen only in DR mismatched transplants, but the effect was not statistically significant. The results indicate that major emphasis should be placed on obtaining HLA-DR compatibility in renal transplantation.

Adult↗