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Biomedical subjects

O D Payton

Publications and source records attributed to O D Payton.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A system for involving patients in program planning.

Although standards exist that require occupational therapists and other health care professionals to include patients in the treatment planning process, our observations lead us to believe that patient involvement is not being maximized. The Patient Participation System allows therapists to actively involve patients in a systematic goal-setting process. The initial results of the use of this system indicate that patients can be effectively involved in establishing personalized, specific goals; identifying outcomes; and evaluating treatment effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinical reasoning process in physical therapy.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to analyze physical therapists' clinical problem solving and compare the results with physicians' clinical problem solving. Ten skilled physical therapy clinicians were observed as they performed an initial interview with a patient. Their performance was audiotaped and later analyzed. The therapists defined their problem lists and developed treatment plans early in the interview, as they gathered data. This clinical problem-solving sequence is comparable to a method reported in the literature that is used by physicians. This model of clinical problem solving based on actual performance of clinicians can be used to train physical therapy students and, perhaps, to refine clinical evaluation skills.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1983

Effects of instruction in basic communication skills on physical therapists and physical therapy students.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that laboratory instruction within a one-semester course could significantly change the communication skills of physical therapists and physical therapy students in the desired direction. Effective use of communication skills, the dependent variable, is defined in the counseling psychology literature. The independent variables were parts of two academic courses for physical therapists: one for graduate students (physical therapists) and one for undergraduate students. Data from the two groups were treated separately in a one-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design. The test for overall effect of changes in communication skills of undergraduate students was significant at the .0001 level. Post hoc tests for changes in use of seven specific skills varied in significance level from .8 to .0001. Education techniques, not subject variability, accounted for most of the change. Graduate student data did not reach traditional significance levels, but encouraging trends were noted. Results can be interpreted in terms of education, clinical experience, and measurement tools.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Learning style preferences: physical therapy students in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to describe the learning style preferences of students enrolled in their first year of basic professional programs in physical therapy in the United States in the academic year 1975 to 1976. The testing instrument used was the Learning Styles inventory developed by Canfield and Lafferty. A sample of 1,099 (40.8% of the total population) was collected. The results have been tabulated using descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations for: 1) total sample, 2) men, and 3) women. The "typical" or "average" physical therapy student is described. These results have important implications for physical therapy educators in terms of arranging their instructional activities to optimize learning.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Abductor digiti quinti shuffleboard: a study in motor learning.

The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to refine prior studies by investigating one muscle which provided all the agonistic motion involved in a novel motor task, (2) the pinpoint the exact time during which motor activity contributed to the final task, (3) to study the electrical changes that occurred in that one muscle as it developed skill, and (4) to compare the results of this study with the previous studies in this series. The muscle chosen for this study was the abductor digiti quinti of the nondominant hand and the novel task involved propelling a small plastic disk into a specific target area. Electromyography and cinematography were used in data collection. No statistically significant differences were found in prelearning and postlearning data with regard to electrical activity, movement time or range of movement. These results support a hypothesis earlier proposed by Payton to the effect that all the the agonists which contribute to a skilled performance begin as a relatively undifferentiated mass of muscle; as learning takes place the various elements of this muscle mass are differentiated into prime movers and auxiliaries. The electrical activity remains essentially the same in the prime movers while a marked reduction is seen in the auxiliary muscles. A reinterpretation of several earlier studies is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on bone marrow in dogs.

With a thermocouple in the medullary cavity of one dog's femur, the increases in bone marrow temperature were demonstrated at five different intensities of ultrasound. The right distal femurs of six dogs were treated ten times, three dogs at 1.5 w/cm2 and three dogs at 2.5 w/cm2 each for five minutes. At a later date, two of these dogs received an additional ten minutes of ultrasound at 2.5 w/cm2 for ten treatments. Histological and hematological studies gave presumptive evidence of bone marrow damage and regeneration. A marked increase in oil was also seen in the bone marrow smears.

Blood Cell Count↗