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Biomedical subjects

O Claris

Publications and source records attributed to O Claris.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Surfactants: from biology to therapy].

The authors report on the recent knowledge of biochemistry, synthesis and hormonal regulation of surfactant. Treatment of hyaline membrane disease with exogenous surfactant is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Premature infants weighing less than 1000 grams: mortality, morbidity and short-term neurologic outcome].

The outcome of 60 premature infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth and consecutively born during the years 1986 to 1988 is reported. Forty-two (70%) of them were inborn. The overall mortality rate was 42%, but only 26% in the inborn group instead of 78% in the outborn group (P less than 0.001). The mortality rate was higher for the appropriate for gestational age infants (56%) than for the growth retarded infants (14%, P less than 0.01). The main neonatal problems were the following: hyaline membrane disease (63%), patent ductus arteriosus (7%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (8%), necrotizing enterocolitis (15%), intraventricular hemorrhages (45%) and periventricular leukomalacia (12%). Twenty percent (7/35) of the surviving infants showed abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome, with only one (3%) having major handicap. No correlation was found between gestational age and neuro-developmental outcome.

Child Development↗
PubMed1990

[The hazards of forceps: the viewpoint of the pediatrician and the obstetrician].

Neonatal and maternal complications observed after 410 forceps deliveries were retrospectively compared to those occurring after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Mild scalp and facial lesions as well as facial palsy were significantly increased in the forceps group. No severe maternal complications were observed. A short literature review was done, and other instrumental extractions were discussed.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Locoregional anesthesia in pediatrics].

Local anaesthesia may consist of a sensitive and a motor blockade. It is essentially used in human clinic for the sensitive blockade which is induced. All techniques or nearly are possible in regional anaesthesia for children if they are practised with discernment by a physician accustomed to the same techniques in adults. But caudal anaesthesia remains the most commonly performed and simple. The main advantages consist in abolition of intra- and postoperative pain, calm and comfort but also in a decrease of respiratory complications. There are two leading risks: infectious and especially toxic after an accidental injection of bupivacaine. These techniques should be systematically proposed but carefully carried out in all suffering children.

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1989

[Neonatal ischemic necrosis of the arm in a premature infant].

A case of gangrene present at birth in the right upper limb of a twin premature infant is reported. As premature rupture of membranes was present, the role of ischemic compression is discussed. The etiology of ischemic lesions observed in the fetus and the newborn and their treatment is reviewed.

Arm↗
PubMed1988

[Phenoperidine: pharmacology and use in pediatric resuscitation].

Phenoperidine is mainly metabolised in the liver, and has a biliary and urinary elimination. Because its analgesic effects are fast and prolonged, this drug is often used in pediatric intensive care units, due to its interesting pharmacologic properties (mild cardiac and respiratory depression).

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1986

[Value of plasma fibronectin in pediatric intensive care].

This work was undertaken to demonstrate the pathophysiologic and prognostic value of plasma fibronectin measurement in critically ill children. Fibronectin was measured by laser-nephelometry in 25 children (group 1) whose ages ranged from 1 month to 12 years (mean: 13.8 months). All presented with severe infections. The control group consisted of 16 children with various benign disorders, whose ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years (mean: 3.6 years). Fibronectin plasma levels in group 1 (mean: 0.16 g/l +/- 0.08) and in the control group (mean: 0.28 +/- 0.10) were significantly different (alpha less than 0.001). The initial concentration and the kinetics of this protein during evolution seem to have a good diagnostic and prognostic value in severe infections in children.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

[Pharmacokinetics of injectable phenobarbital in the premature infant. Study of a new lyophilized form].

A lyophilized preparation of phenobarbital was studied in newborns without cerebral palsy. Plasma levels were determined using gas chromatograph fitted with thermo ionic probe after either an intra-muscular (IM) injection in premature infants or an intravenous (IV) injection over single dose of phenobarbital 10 mg/kg within 6 hours after birth. Five term babies were included in the study as controls and received an IM injection. The results showed rapid increase in plasma concentration after IM injection in 10 of 13 subjects with a peak concentration reached 60 minutes after injection. The mean ratio (maximal concentration/dose) was 1.25 and 1.10 for term infants and preterm infants respectively. In all cases, the drug was well tolerated. In 15 preterm infants (n: 7 IM and n: 8 IV) the plasma concentrations were followed over a period of 15 days. The disappearance curve was biphasic; it varied the first 7 days, then remained constant for the following week (apparent half life 106 hours).

Freeze Drying↗
PubMed1985

[Fate of infants weighting less than 1,500 grams].

Between 1981 and 1983, 251 premature infants with a birth weight of less than 1 500 grams were admitted to the Neonatal Pathology Unit of the E. Herriot hospital (malformations excluded). Forty two (17%) died during the neonatal period. These premature births resulted essentially from pathological pregnancies: multiple pregnancies (1/5 cases), renal pathology (1/3 cases), placental abnormalities (10%) and fetoplacental infections (10%). In half of all cases delivery was by cesarian section, indicated in 85% of cases because of acute or chronic fetal distress. These premature infants suffered from respiratory (including 40% hyaline membrane disease), neurological (abnormal cerebral echotomography with dilatation or intracranial haemorrhage in 35% of cases), infectious (6%) and digestive (6% necrosing enterocolitis) pathology. Of the 208 surviving children, 12 (i.e. 6% of the survivors) had major sequelae (with follow-up of one year or more).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erythrocyte fatty acid composition in term infants fed human milk or a formula enriched with a low eicosapentanoic acid fish oil for 4 months.

UNLABELLED: When term infants are fed standard formula that does not contain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), they still show lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell (RBC) phospholipids by several weeks or months postnatally. This study was designed in order to evaluate a potential alternative for supplementing term infant formulas with DHA by adding a high-DHA/low-eicosapentanoic acid fish oil to levels similar to that in human milk (0.3%). A total of 37 term infants were included in the study at 3 days of life. DHA concentrations remained stable between inclusion and 4 months of life at around 8% of the RBC phospholipids in the LC-PUFA enriched formula-fed group whereas it decreased significantly in the standard formula-fed group. In the human milk-fed group, RBC DHA concentrations at 4 months of age were significantly lower than that at birth and were significantly correlated with the duration of breast feeding (r = 0.85; P = 0.0002). A significant decrease of arachidonic acid between inclusion and 4 months of age was observed in the enriched formula-fed group and reached a mean value at 4 months, which was significantly lower than that observed in the human milk or standard formula-fed groups (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Supplementing term formulas with a high-docosahexaenoic acid/low-eicosapentanoic acid fish oil up to 4 months of age is efficient in improving docosahexaenoic acid status, however it increases the risk of impaired n-6 fatty acid status.

Dietary Supplements↗