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Biomedical subjects

O Bosello

Publications and source records attributed to O Bosello.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

High density lipoprotein subfractions during semistarvation in obese women.

The influence of a very low caloric diet (VLCD) on high density lipoproteins (HDL) is controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of a VLCD on lipids and lipoproteins, especially on HDL subfractions (HDL2, HDL3) in obese women. After a 4-day period of isocaloric standard diet, 30 women at least 50% above ideal body weight were switched for 15 days on a protein-sparing modified diet providing 1.57 MJ per day. Mean body weight reduction was 5.6 +/- 0.7 kg. After the VLCD, total, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and HDL cholesterol significantly decreased in all the subjects (p less than 0.01). Both HDL subfractions were depressed after the VLCD (p less than 0.01) but the reduction occurred predominantly in the HDL2 subfraction, thus inducing a decrease in the HDL2 to HDL3 cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.01). The VLCD was associated with a slight but not significant increase in the LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio. This increase was due mostly to the rise in the LDL to HDL2 cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.01). Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term changes of HDL subfractions during weight-reducing regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An ultrastructural study of adipocyte precursors from epididymal fat pads of adult rats in culture.

It has been demonstrated that cells with poor or no lipid content, isolated from epididymal fat pads of young rats, develop fully into mature adipocytes in vitro. The ultrastructural feature of these cells during such a development have been studied recently. In the present work the electron microscopic aspects of similarly obtained cells from adult rats have been investigated. It has been found that no morphological differences are present in the cells immediately after isolation between young and adult rats. During culture the cells from both adult and young rats show the same maturative process, but in adult rats this process is generally slower and not homogeneous, suggesting the presence of two populations of adipocyte precursors. The former accumulate lipids quickly and have electron microscopic features very similar to those observed for young rat precursors, however maturation is still faster in the latter cells. The latter have electron microscopic aspects of less differentiated cells (some fibroblast-like features) during the first days of culture; however they show a similar development when longer culture periods are studied. These data suggest that the fibroblast-like cells seen after a period of time in culture probably represent an early stage of adipocyte precursor differentiation. Thus it is suggested that in adult mammals, there may be a population of adipocyte precursors present within the adipose tissue which upon stimulation by as yet unknown factors would develop fully into adipocytes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Effects of guar gum on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins C-II and C-III in patients affected by familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia.

In recent years, guar gum has been shown to be a potent hypocholesterolemic agent. The effects of this fiber on triglycerides are less clear. In order to evaluate the influence of guar supplementation on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) isoforms (apoC-III2, apoC-III1, apoC-III0), 16 g/day of guar gum were administered to 12 outpatients affected by familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia for a period of 60 days. Mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased after 15 days of treatment and persisted reduced at the 30th and 60th day of guar supplementation. While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol paralleled the reduction of total plasma cholesterol, we did not observe any change in the cholesterol content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) during the study. A redistribution of the relative content of very low-density lipoprotein apoC-III isoforms with a significant increase of apoC-III1 and a decrease of apoC-III0 was observed after 15, 30, and 60 days of guar gum administration. The results show that guar gum reduces not only cholesterol but also triglyceride levels in patients affected by familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia. Further studies are needed to confirm the suggestion that the different distribution of very low-density lipoprotein apoC-III isoforms induced by guar supplementation may influence the behavior of plasma triglycerides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Lack of effect of intravenous metformin on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone in non-diabetic subjects.

A study was carried out to evaluate the acute effect of an intravenous injection of metformin on the fasting plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and growth hormone in 15 non-diabetic subjects. Metformin (1 g) was administered as a bolus in a peripheral vein and blood was sampled 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after the drug injection. No significant change in fasting concentration of glucose nor in C-peptide, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone fasting levels was noticed. It is concluded that metformin does not possess an acute direct hypoglycaemic effect in non-diabetic subjects and does not acutely affect the basal activity of endocrine pancreas and pituitary gland in releasing insulin, glucagon and growth hormone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A morphological study of the adipocyte precursor.

In order to attempt to characterize the adipocyte precursor cell in situ in developing adipose tissues from young rats, the light and electron microscopic characteristics were determined of cells in situ in these tissues, as well as in suspensions from the same tissues of cells liberated with collagenase subsequently developing to adipocytes in culture. The functional characteristics of adipose precursor cells at different stages of development in culture is known from previous work, and could therefore be added in parallel to the morphological characteristics. In order to allow comparison with fibroblasts from a site where adipocyte formation does not occur, lung-fibroblasts were also studied in parallel cultures. In culture, a rapidly dividing cell confluenced and reached full expression to adipocytes. This cell had morphological characteristics developing at the same time as early lipid accumulation making it easily distinguishable from a lung fibroblast in culture. A similar cell was found in abundance in the peripheral, non-developed part of the intact epididymal fat pad, here often surrounded by collagen. However, the early preadipocyte (without lipid droplets) and the adipoblast cannot be morphologically distinguished in situ from the fibroblast; therefore it cannot be excluded that fibroblasts and adipoblasts are the same cells in adipose tissue, possibly deriving from the pericyte.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Adipose tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity in obesity.

The activity of lipoprotein-lipase in heparin-eluates of adipose tissue (AT-LPLA) of three body regions was measured in 22 obese and 18 nonobese females under basal conditions. AT-LPLA in the obese women both before and after 10 d of caloric restriction was also measured. Basal LPLA correlated well with plasma insulin values and reduced significantly after caloric restriction. Relative body weight, body fat, fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, significantly decreased after caloric restriction. Variation of insulin levels after caloric restriction was the best explanatory variable correlating with AT-LPLA variations. These results are consistent with a primary role of insulin in regulating AT-LPLA.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Influence of metformin on metabolic effect of insulin in human adipose tissue in vitro.

To study the mechanism(s) of action of metformin, fragments of human subcutaneous adipose tissue were incubated with therapeutic blood concentrations of metformin. In the absence of insulin no effect of metformin was seen on either lipolysis or glucose metabolism. When insulin was present, however, metformin stimulated glucose conversion into both triglycerides and CO2. In marked contrast, no effect of metformin was observed on the antilipolytic effect of insulin. In agreement with this selective effect no change in insulin binding was found. In conclusion, metformin seems to exert its effect on glucose metabolism by potentiating the action of insulin at a post-receptor level, possibly on the rate of glucose transport.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic and nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the head of the femur (preliminary results of a long-term follow-up investigation).

A double statistical study of a group of 56 patients affected by idiopathic osteonecrosis of the head of the femur is presented. A comparative investigation was undertaken into this group, taking into consideration the principal biochemical parameters, clinical findings, dietary and living habits. The statistical data that were analysed confirmed the role of some of the aetiological factors concerned. A long-term study was also undertaken, with a preliminary follow-up at 22 months, on the progress of the patients with monolateral idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head who were subjected to a therapeutic programme of dietary correction and the administration of medicaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adipose tissue cellularity and weight reduction forecastin.

Seventy-six obese female outpatients underwent controlled 1000 kcal diets (50% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 25% protein). Prior-to-treatment data underwent "step-wise" multiple regression analysis to investigate the possibility of predicting body weight after 6 months of treatment (y), Body weight can be forecast using a linear regression function. This function, based on initial weight (x1) and adipose cell weight (x2), uses the equation y = 9.75 + 0.87x1 - 8.41x2 (F = 696.53; P less than 0.001; R2 = 0.95). Afterwards, patients were subdivided into three groups according to the difference between 6th and 12th month body weights: weight loss, weight stable, and weight increase groups. Weight gaining patients showed a significantly higher mean fat cell number, weight lossers had a higher mean adipose cell weight than the other two groups.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[Carbohydrate metabolism in gross obesity].

Results obtained in an investigation of two groups of obese and grossly obese subjects are presented. Poorer carbohydrate tolerance was noted in the latter. Blood insulin patterns after oral glucose loading, however, were less easy to interpret. Overall, the values were much the same in the two groups. Nevertheless, analysis of the curves showed that the grossly obese displayed a later peak.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Behavior of adipose tissue cellularity in gross obesity].

Adipose tissue cellularity was studied in relation to the degree of obesity. It was found that mild obesity is essentially linked to a simple increase in adipocyte size, whereas gross obesity involves considerable hyperplasia of adipose tissue with at least twice the normal number of adipocytes. Prognostic and therapeutic conclusions are drawn from these personal data.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[Physiopathological correlations between carbohydrate and lipid metabolicm and obesity].

Sugar and fat metabolism were studied in a group of obese women without diabetes. Blood triglicerides and cholesterol were, on average, within normal limits, though endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia was noted in a few cases. Triglycerides were significantly related to blood sugar (baseline and after glucose loading), whereas there was no significant connection with blood insulin. The meaning of these results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Glucose tolerance in jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a fifteen month follow-up.

Twelve patients with body weight varying from 106 to 163 Kg, underwent jejunoileal bypass operations; their oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were evaluated before the operation and one, five, and fifteen months afterwards. The lowering of the glycemic curve and the decrease of the insulinemia values during oGTT have been studied in relation to intestinal absorption deficit and weight loss. It is concluded that weight loss was the main factor determining the improvement of glucose metabolism.

Adult↗