Delayed carbamazepine--induced exfoliative erythrodermia.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
O Blin
Publications and source records attributed to O Blin.
[Yawning. Physiopathology and neuropharmacology].
Yawning is a common physiological phenomenon, induced by hunger, sleepiness or impersonation. Its behavioral aim seems to be an effort to vigilance. There are numerous pathological reasons explaining yawning, as for example global (infectious, metabolic and toxical) or focal neurological diseases. The modification of yawning in pathology where a dopaminergic dysfunction is to be found, as well as some data of animal experimentation, support when it takes place the dopaminergic system's implication. The pre-synaptical receptor's role had been suggested for a long time but actually yawning seems to be linked with a D1-D2 cooperation. The cholinergic system probably control a final effective pathway. We also imply the peptidergic, serotoninergic, androgine and opiace systems. If the localization of a putative center of yawning is impossible, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and the pituitary gland play a major role. Yawning can be used as a functioning index of the dopaminergic system in vivo in the human being.
Animals↗
[Methodology of clinical studies of myorelaxants].
Myorelaxants, a specific pharmacologic group, are often prescribed. However, for many molecules, therapeutic trial methodology is not adapted. A review of the fundamental aspects of pharmacological trial clearly show a need for diagnosis and inclusion criteria, definition and validation for methods of assessment, analysis of the dose-response curve on term of effectiveness according to the pharmacologic and clinically established rules. Rational prescription of myorelaxants will arise from this principles.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Peripheral neuropathy and cyclosporin. Apropos of 2 cases].
We report two cases of peripheral neuropathy arose during treatment with cyclosporine. The first observation was in a 24 year-old female treated because of a recent diabetes mellitus, the second in a 52 year-old male whose treatment was given after a cardiac transplantation. Chronology, clinical presentation and morphological findings on nerve biopsy were very close in both cases ans intrinsic imputability was stated as "possible" according to the method used to assess unexpected or toxic drug reaction by the French Regional Drug Monitoring Centers. It remains to confirm with similar reports the putative part played by cyclosporine as strongly suggested in ours.
Adult↗
[The Psychotic Anxiety Scale (PAS). Evaluation of inter-rater reliability and correspondence factorial analysis].
We recently proposed the first scale for evaluating anxiety in psychotics: the "Psychotic Anxiety Scale" (PAS). The first version of this scale was tested in 45 psychotic patients. The multiple correspondence factorial analysis revealed that 4 factors account for respectively 50%, 18%, 17% and 10% of the variance. This scale thus evaluates anxiety along 4 axes: severity of the symptomatology, evolution in time, hetero-aggressiveness and self-aggressiveness. This analysis supports the hypothesis of the lack of specificity for the anxiety in psychotics, but distinguishes the nevrotic anxiety from the psychotic anxiety. The inter-rater reliability was assessed by a method which compared a rater with the others along 2 axes: the severity, and the profile of the assessment. The interrater reliability was unsatisfactory for only three items. They have been modified and a new version of the PAS is proposed.
Anxiety Disorders↗
[Practical importance of fractionation in radiotherapy].
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Humans↗
[Construction of standardized endobuccal moulded retractors for telecobalt therapy].
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Adult↗
[Immunoallergic vasculitis: a new adverse effect of guanidine?].
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Adult↗
[Use of percutaneous anesthesia in cardiac pacemaker implantation].
OBJECTIVES: Assess the efficacy of an anesthesic cream for pacemaker implantations. METHODS: Percutaneous anesthesia was studied in a series of permanent pacemaker transvenous implantations. The anesthesic cream composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine was applied precisely over operative areas after marking the skin. Percutaneous anesthesia should be applied 2 hours before entering the operating room. RESULTS: This percutaneous local anesthesia was perfectly effective for simple replacement procedures. At first implantations, it was used alone in 4 out of 10 cases while intradermal injections were needed to anesthetize the deep layers in the other patients. Serum concentrations indicate very low levels which are tolerated very well. CONCLUSION: Alone or combined with lidocaine infiltration, the use of an anesthesic cream is safe and effective in transvenous pacemaker surgery.
Adult↗
[Study methods of drugs in Alzheimer disease].
The availability of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease, with different pharmacological profiles, leads to a redefinition the relevant methodology for developing drugs in this indication, including the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the duration of the studies, and therefore, the relevant guidelines. This was the purpose of the Giens Round-table devoted to the new methodology for drug development in Alzheimer disease.
Alzheimer Disease↗
[Quantitative psychopathology of affect and emotion. Review of evaluation scales and emotion induction methods].
Emotions, affects and humor play an important part in psychopathology. This study describes the definition of these different terms as well as their psychological concepts. Concerning quantitative psychopathology, the available scales of evaluation of affects or emotions are destinated to evaluate the subjective compound of the emotions, depressive humor, seek for sensations, pleasure or anhedonia. They all have the same aim: the evaluation, in a subjective way, of the basic affectionate state of the subject at a precise moment in his life. The subject's affectionate reactivity to external emotional stimulations can also be studied using different methods of emotional inductions. These methods can be applied in a psychopathological as well as in a pharmacological point of view.
Affective Symptoms↗
[Central dopaminergic D1 agonists and treatment of Parkinson disease].
Many theories about dopaminergic function in Parkinson's disease are based upon the effects of the D2 receptor. Standard treatments mostly involve dopaminergic D2 agonists. However, the recent development of dopaminergic D1 agonists should help to clarify the role of the D1 receptor in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The authors review the physiopathological, behavioural and therapeutic data on D1 agonists administered in animal models and in patients.
Animals↗
[Clinical pharmacology of dyskinesias induced by L-dopa in Parkinsonian patients].
Dyskinesias induced by L-dopa are involuntary and abnormal movements which lead to disablement and are observed in a lot of patients after some years of treatment. No drug has proved its efficacy for this indication. The use of D2 dopaminergic agonists as first treatment can delay their onset, delaying the need for L-dopa. New dopaminergic drugs, either with longer elimination half life or with specificity for subtypes of dopamine receptors may allow these dyskinesias to be managed more efficaciously. New non-dopaminergic, serotoninergic, adrenergic, opiate or gluamate drugs could offer antidyskinesia properties. The study of Parkinson disease's model in the methyl phenyltetrahydropyridine (MPT)-treated primate and the improvement in clinical evaluation of these dyskinesias could lead, in the short or medium term, to the discovery of new pharmarcological strategies, dealing more efficaciously with this serious adverse effect of L-dopa treatment.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
Effects of anxiety on emotional reactivity, performance and vigilance, in healthy volunteers.
Healthy volunteers who participate in clinical trials usually present a specific personality profile characterized by high extroversion and low anxiety traits. Herein, we examined whether anxiety traits influence performance and vigilance, as well as reactivity for six emotions (fear, anger, disgust, sadness, happiness and a neutral state), the latter being induced by the presentation of six film excerpts. Sixty-four healthy volunteers were stratified into high and low anxiety groups on the basis of their score on the Cattell and Hamilton Anxiety Scales. They were assessed on the Digit Symbol Substitution Scale (DSST), Choice Reaction Time (CRT) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). Their emotional reactivity was evaluated before and after each film excerpt, on responses to the Differential Emotions Scale (Izard DES). Prior to emotional induction, high-anxious subjects presented a pattern of low positive emotions and high negative emotions. After each film excerpt, emotional reactivity was more pronounced for high-anxious subjects compared with low-anxious subjects. However, there were no significant interactions between anxiety level and the values of DSST, CRT or VAS. The present findings raise the question of the relevance of selecting healthy volunteers according to their personality traits. In future studies, anxiety level will be further investigated as a factor of response variability to drugs, by examining differences in response to psychotropic drugs as a function of this factor.
Anxiety↗