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Biomedical subjects

O Bernath

Publications and source records attributed to O Bernath.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comparison of ceftriaxone and cefuroxime for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.

To compare ceftriaxone with cefuroxime for the treatment of meningitis, we conducted a study in which 106 children with acute bacterial meningitis were randomly assigned to receive either ceftriaxone (100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, administered intravenously once daily; n = 53) or cefuroxime (240 mg per kilogram per day, administered intravenously in four equal doses; n = 53). The mean age of the children was 3 years (range, 42 days to 16 years), and the characteristics of the two treatment groups were comparable at admission. Excluded from the study were eight other children who died within 48 hours of admission. After 18 to 36 hours of therapy, cultures of cerebrospinal fluid remained positive for 1 of the 52 children (2 percent) receiving ceftriaxone for whom cultures were available and 6 of 52 (12 percent) receiving cefuroxime (P = 0.11). In both groups the mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 10 days. The clinical responses to therapy were similar in the two treatment groups, and all 106 children were cured. Reversible biliary pseudolithiasis was detected by serial abdominal ultrasonography only in the children treated with ceftriaxone (16 of 35 vs. 0 of 35; P less than 0.001). The treatment of three children was switched from ceftriaxone to alternative antibiotics because these children had upper abdominal pain. Other side effects were infrequent in both groups. At follow-up examination two months later, moderate-to-profound hearing loss was present in two children (4 percent) treated with ceftriaxone and in nine (17 percent) treated with cefuroxime (P = 0.05); other neurologic abnormalities were similar in the two treatment groups. We conclude that ceftriaxone is superior to cefuroxime for the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis in children and that the benefits of milder hearing impairment and more rapid sterilization of the cerebrospinal fluid with ceftriaxone outweigh the problem of reversible biliary pseudolithiasis with this drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The results of hearing aid usage in a group of patients older than 65 years (author's transl)].

Two groups of 50 patients were randomized from patients who came to have their hearing aid fitting controlled. One group (A) had a mean age of 27.6 years with a standard deviation of +/- 12.8 years. The second group (B) had a mean age of 75.06 years with a standard deviation of 5.7 years. Our statistical analysis of these patients showed that results of hearing aid instrumentation were comparable in both groups. The investigation has revealed that hearing aid fitting should not be contraindicated because of older age.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Nose and speech discrimination with specific hearing aid systems (author's transl)].

This study compares speech discrimination and the use of hearing aids of the PC (peac-clipping) system and the AGC (compression) system. After random selection 34 subjects were used and grouped according to the unit system they had been supplied with. Both groups were tested under the same conditions. During noise exposure the group supplied with the AGC aids achieved better results significantly at a 5% level. The results indicate that the assumption that PC hearing aids operate better in noise than AGC aids cannot be substantiated.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental studies on the suppression of the stapedius reflex in comparison with EMG-results in idiopathic facial paresis].

The recording of intra-aural muscle reflexes elicited by acoustic stimulation is a routine method in clinical audiology. The most important quantitative examinations of the reflex dynamic, i.e. Metz recruitment and reflex decay in low frequencies, allow the judgement of function of the afferent pathway in the stimulated inner ear and acoustic nerve. Quantitative determinations of the efferent branch were carried out by several authors in a few normal subjects and in several patients with multiple sclerosis or facial palsy. Absolute acoustic impedance - a method yielding wide scattering - was used in order to determine changes in reflex activity in pathological conditions. In the first part of our investigations we tried to find a parameter or reflex dynamic allowing to characterize the functional capacity in the efferent part of the reflex arch in the facial nerve. We examined particularly the steepness of the onset of recorded reflex. Statistical analysis showed an extraordinary stability of this parameter in normal and pathological conditions. Measurements in normal subjects yielded very small intra- and inter-individual variability. In the second part of our experiments we studied normal-hearing patients with unilateral Bells palsy. In the early phase of the lesion we found a significant decrease of the onset steepness in the reflex diagram recorded on the paralyzed side. The greatest reduction of this parameter was seen with a 1,000-Hz stimulus. The time course of the alteration of the onset steepness also seems to have a characteristis pattern. In a further investigation we compared the variations of this reflex parameter with findings in stimultaneously recorded electroneuronograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Experimental investigation on lateral inhibition by means of stapedius reflex threshold.

In 15 normal-hearing persons a number of stapedius reflex responses 10 dB above individual reflex threshold has been measured and recorded. In an experimental condition the same stimulus tone has been used and the responses recorded. During the experiment two tones have been continuously presented - one of lower and one of higher frequency with amplitudes lying 10-15 dB underneath the tone evoking the stimulus. In an experimental condition an attenuation of the reflex response resulted. The normal reflex decay, first of all in higher frequencies has been controlled during experiment. The results indicate a similarity to those found under adequate conditions in other perceptive organs, these being interpreted as lateral inhibition.

Acoustic Stimulation↗