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Biomedical subjects

O Bastien

Publications and source records attributed to O Bastien.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Retrospective study of 412 aortic valve replacements by Bjork-Shiley prosthesis implanted between January 1972 and October 1984. Actuarial survival, mortality, complications].

Between January 1972 and October 1984, 412 aortic valve replacements by Bjork-Shiley disk prosthesis were performed. 183 patients suffered from aortic incompetence, 132 from an aortic disease and 97 from aortic stenosis. 116 associated procedures (28%) were performed = 36 myocardial revascularizations, 61 Bentall operations, 12 patch grafts to the ascending aorta and 7 Wheat operations. The mean age was 53.6 years and 25% of the patients were over the age of 65 years. Fifty percent of the patients had stage III or IV disease according to the NYHA classification. The cardiac index was less than 2.3 l/min/m2 in 44.26% of cases. The early postoperative mortality was 4.85% and 20% of these deaths were related to the prosthesis. The late mortality was 17.25%, with 20% of deaths related to the valve. The mean follow-up 59.75 +/- 2 months (range: 1 to 166 months) with a cumulative survival of 2.092 patients-years. It was significantly influence by the existence of preoperative angina, another operation associated with AVR and a cardiac index less than 2.3 l/min/m2. Seventy-one complications were related to the prosthesis including dysfunction (0.05% patient-year), 3 valve thromboses (0.15% patient-year), 6 infected valves (0.31% patient-year), 12 cases of peri-prosthetic dehiscence (0.61% patient-year), 10 embolic complications (0.61% patient-year) and 37 complications related to anticoagulants, including 26 major complications (1.48% patient-year). The valve failure rate was 1.19% patient-year. The results of our series are comparable to those reported in the literature, which confirm the reliability of the Bjork-Shiley Valve.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Relationship between preoperative amiodarone treatment and complications observed during anaesthesia for valvular cardiac surgery.

Two groups of ASA physical status class III and IV patients undergoing cardiac surgery were reviewed in an attempt to obtain more conclusive data concerning dangerous interactions between amiodarone and anaesthesia. The amiodarone group (Group 1, ten patients, cumulative dose 10 g) was compared with a control group (nine patients, Group 2). Amiodarone (A) and desethylamiodarone (NA) concentrations in plasma and myocardium were measured and haemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effects were analysed. Throughout anaesthesia haemodynamic status was similar in both groups. No correlation was found between A/NA and cardiac index changes. No patients needed intraaortic blood pressure augmentation or developed low systemic vascular resistances. Pacemaker dependency was similar in both groups and there was no evidence of increased anaesthetic risk. An excellent antiarrhythmic effect was obtained during the postoperative period. We conclude that preoperative treatment with amiodarone is effective against postoperative arrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Right ventricular assistance using a centrifugal pump after heart transplantation].

A case of right ventricular assistance required after emergency heart transplantation is reported. The patient was a 62 year-old man with terminal congestive heart failure due to ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Preoperatively, this patient had a cardiac index of 1.93 1.min-1.m-2, moderate pulmonary hypertension (mean Ppa: 34 mmHg) and pulmonary arteriolar resistances at 440 dyn.s.cm-5; clinical examination revealed pulmonary oedema, cardiac liver and oliguria with renal failure. Cardio-pulmonary bypass lasted 145 min, including 50 min of assistance after graft reperfusion. Despite postoperative dopamine and dobutamine treatment, oliguria and central venous pressure increased, and higher doses of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and pulmonary intraarterial prostaglandin E1 infusions were required. Despite these agents and haemofiltration, mechanical assistance was needed and a centrifugal pump set up. Diuresis and haemodynamic parameters improved. The patient was weaned from this assistance after 102 h. A satisfactory haemodynamic status was then maintained, but still required 1.4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 noradrenaline and 0.02 microgram.kg-1.min-1 prostaglandin E1. Six days later, the patient was weaned from the ventilator, but he rapidly developed fatal aspergillus septicaemia. This case demonstrates that temporary mechanical assistance can be useful for treating right ventricular failure occurring after transplantation.

Heart Failure↗
PubMed1990

Should we inhibit gastric acid secretion before cardiac surgery?

Stress can decrease intragastric pH and cause erosion of gastric mucosa. Because cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass represent a major stress, the effects on intragastric pH of an H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine, and an M1-muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine, were evaluated. Intragastric pH was measured throughout elective cardiac surgery in 60 patients by a digital pH-meter during fentanyl-diazepam-nitrous oxide (50%) anesthesia. The gastric content was sampled at closure of the chest for bacterial count. Oral preoperative medication given randomly included (n = 20 in each group) 0.3 mg/kg diazepam 1 h before induction (group 1); diazepam plus ranitidine (150 mg) 1 h before induction (group 2); and diazepam plus pirenzepine (50 mg) on the evening before surgery and 1 h before induction of anesthesia (group 3). At induction intragastric pH was higher in group 2 (mean +/- SD = 7.42 +/- 1.07) than in group 1 (5.28 +/- 2.14) (P less than 0.01) but was not significantly different in group 3 (5.78 +/- 1.89) than in group 1. In no group did intragastric pH change significantly during surgery. Gastric juice was sterile in 92% of group 1, in 25% of group 2, and in 71% of group 3 patients (P less than 0.01). Postoperatively no gastrointestinal complications occurred, but there was a trend toward more patients developing nosocomial pneumonias in groups 2 and 3 (15%) than in group 1 (0%) (P = 0.06). Intraoperative intragastric pH is relatively high after diazepam premedication, thus the preoperative addition of ranitidine or pirenzepine would not be necessary and may possibly be hazardous.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Assisted circulation by external heterotopic prosthesis as a bridge to heart transplantation].

Eleven patients aged 7 to 58 years were placed on assisted circulation with Pierce (2 cases) or Abiomed (9 cases) external prosthetic ventricles as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. The indications were terminal cardiac failure following cardiomyopathy (7 cases), decompensated ischemic heart disease (3 cases) and subacute post-transplantation rejection (1 case). The duration of the assisted circulation ranged from 24 hours to 11 days. All patients were transplanted but 3 died after transplantation (27%). The circulatory assistance was satisfactory in all patients as shown by the regression of clinical signs of low cardiac output and the normalisation of diuresis. The complications observed during assisted circulation and after cardiac transplantation were: haemorrhage (36%), infection (27%) and thromboembolism (9%). These preliminary results with a 72% post-transplantation survival rate, show that both systems are effective "bridges to cardiac transplantation". The Abiomen device is excellent value for money and relatively simple to install and represents a good compromise between the sophisticated techniques of circulatory assistance and the problems of the cost of health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and enoximone in the treatment of low cardiac output after valvular surgery].

Forty patients developed low cardiac output states after surgery for mitral valve disease or with associated cardiac disease and were randomly allocated to two treatment groups, one group to receive Dobutamine (D) and the other Enoximone (E), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Haemodynamic assessment covered a 24 hour period but treatment was continued for as long as was necessary. An improvement was observed from the 15th minute of treatment. At the second hour, the cardiac index had increased by 55% in Group E and by 59% in Group D whilst the heart rate increased by only 12% in Group E compared to 30% in Group D. The right and left heart filling pressures decreased by 25 to 27% in the 2 groups. The systemic arterial resistances fell by 36 to 37% without any significant changes in systemic or pulmonary arterial pressures. No significant difference was demonstrated in the haemodynamic responses to Dobutamine and Enoximone in this study. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter in Group E than in Group D (59 +/- 22 hrs vs 86 +/- 49 hrs) as was the patient's stay in the intensive care unit (92 +/- 37 hrs vs 155 +/- 129 hrs). The duration of assisted ventilation was the same in the two groups. These results suggest that Enoximone is as effective as Dobutamine in the treatment of low cardiac output after mitral valve surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Arrhythmia in patients with low cardiac output after valvular surgery. Randomized, double-blind comparative study of dobutamine versus enoximone].

Forty patients with low cardiac output (cardiac index less than 2.2 l/mn/m2 and pulmonary wedge pressure greater than 15 mmHg) after valvular surgery were randomised into two groups. Patients in Group 1 were given 5 to 10 micrograms/Kg/mn of Dobutamine (D) and those In Group 2 a bolus of Enoximone (E) 1 mg/kg followed by an intravenous infusion of 5 to 10 micrograms/Kg/mn. Holter ECG monitoring over 42.65 +/- 6.02 hrs (24-48 hours) was obtained and interpreted blindly in 37/40 patients (19 Group D and 18 Group E). The results were analysed by the t and X2 tests. A p value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. The two groups were comparable. No deaths occurred during the protocol period. The total duration of inotropic therapy (86 +/- 49 hours) and the period spent in the intensive care unit (155 +/- 129 hours) were longer in Group D than in Group E (60 +/- 23 hrs and 92 +/- 37 hrs, respectively; p less than .05). Antiarrhythmic therapy was used more often in Group D (4 patients) than in group E (1 patient) (p = 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evolution of right ventricular performance after CABG.

34 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were studied during postoperative period. Right ventricular performance was specially performed with use of cardiac output computer REF-1 Edwards Lab., before Anaesthesia (T1) and at 6 investigation times after surgery during and after mechanical ventilation. The sixth first postoperative hours were marked by a decrease of cardiac index (2.56 +/- 0.4 to 2.41 +/- 0.41.mn-1.m2) and right Ventricular Ejection Fraction (RVEF) (0.48 +/- 0.07 to 0.37 +/- 0.09). The second period was the weaning period with a further drop of RVEF (0.43 +/- 0.1 to 0.36 +/- 0.07) without change in cardiac index (2.80 +/- 0.51.mn-1.m2, suggesting a ventricular post-operative and weaning depression, as previously described for the left ventricle. In addition, postoperative tachycardia (Heart rate = 59 +/- 9 at T1 to 95 +/- 14 at T7) may contribute to myocardial ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[CK-MB isoenzyme in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction after myocardial revascularization surgery].

The usefulness of measuring serum MB creatine kinase activity (CK-MB) for the diagnosis of per- and postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) was assessed in 104 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts. In each patient, 15 samples were taken during the week which followed the surgical procedure. New Q waves were considered to be a criteria of MI. 19 patients developed new Q waves (MI group), whereas 57 had no significant ECG changes (control group); 13 showed only ST changes, whilst 15 had unassessable recordings. In the MI group, CK-MB was greater than in the control group, both at the first peak (8 to 10 h after induction of anaesthesia) and at the greater peak (13 to 21 h after induction) (p less than 0.05). Significant differences were also seen between both groups between 8 and 32 h after induction, but there was also a large overlap. An area under the curve (AUC) greater than 50,000 IU.l-1.min-1 had a positive predictive value of 0.64, and an AUC less than 50,000 IU.l-1.min-1 a negative predictive value of 0.89 if all the groups of patients were taken into account. An AUC greater than 65,000 IU.l-1.min-1 was always seen in MI patients, but only 25% of MI patients had a value greater than this threshold. There were no significant differences between the patient groups in the first peak time, nor in the CK-MB/total CK ratio. CK-MB appeared therefore as a less reliable criterium of per- and postoperative MI during coronary artery bypass operations than previously reported, especially when intermediate values are found.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Vascular effects of nicergoline].

The vascular effects of nicergoline, a post-synaptic alpha receptor antagonist, were studied using a total haemodilution non pulsatile normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with a bubble oxygenator during cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 30 micrograms.kg-1 and diazepam 0.25 mg.kg-1 and maintained with incremental doses of fentanyl. All the patients were intubated using pancuronium bromide (0.1 mg.kg-1) and artificially ventilated (FIO2 = 1). Nine patients randomly selected received 10 ml of saline (group 1) and 11 other 5 mg nicergoline (group 2) into the venous line of the extracorporeal circuit. Pump flow remained constant during 10 min. Arteriolar resistance was assessed by mean arterial pressure recording and venous capacitance by the level of venous reservoir. Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and the Newman-Keuls test. In group 1, arteriolar resistance increased by 17.0 +/- 21.8% at 10 min (not significant), whereas in group 2 it decreased by 22.8 +/- 8.1% at 2 min (p less than 0.05) and then increased slowly. It then remained 18% lower than in group 1 at 10 min. In group 1, venous capacitance decreased regularly by 1 ml.kg-1.min-1 during 10 min (-10.0 +/- 6.2 ml.kg-1 at 10 min), whereas in group 2 it decreased up to the 6th min (-4.2 +/- 3.3 ml.kg-1) and then remained stable, with a 5.4 ml.kg-1 difference with group 1 at 10 min (p less than 0.05). Therefore, nicergoline seemed to cause venoconstriction during cardiopulmonary bypass, possibly through a baroreflex mechanism.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1988

[Indications for inotropic agents in cardiac surgery].

Inotropic drugs are widely used before, during and after cardiac surgery. Besides the old well known inotropic drugs, new sympathomimetic drugs and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are available. They can be used alone or in combination. The choice of drug is difficult to make and depends, for one part, on the side-effects of each drug. Before surgery, they are required for patients who present with cardiogenic shock while waiting for emergency repair of their lesion. During surgery, inotropic drugs are used before, during and after using cardiopulmonary bypass. After surgery, they are used to treat low cardiac output states. A decision algorithm is suggested, but it is modified by personal clinical experience, aetiological patterns and pharmacological data. Therapeutic doses must be adjusted according to haemodynamic data. Physiological controls are required, such as venous return and heart rate. Mechanical assistance devices must not be forgotten, especially after myocardial reperfusion and weaning from extracorporeal circulation.

Algorithms↗