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Biomedical subjects

O Alfthan

Publications and source records attributed to O Alfthan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Orchiectomy.

Advantages and disadvantages of orchiectomy as a primary treatment for prostatic carcinoma are discussed. One advantage is that the decrease of testosterone production is not achieved by the administration of the harmful oestrogen hormones. Feminisation does not occur. Cardiovascular complications can be avoided. The plasma testosterone level drops immediately. Subcapsular orchiectomy seems to be as effective as total orchiectomy. The disadvantages or orchiectomy are very few.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

Malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder. A report of 2 cases.

2 cases of primary, malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder are reported. Diagnostic difficulties caused by a deep, intramural location and accompanying severe inflammation are discussed. From a review of the literature and also from the authors experience, resection of the bladder and postoperative radiotherapy seen to constitute sufficient therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Treatment with azlocillin in complicated urinary tract infections.

20 patients, aged 18-84 years, with complicated urinary tract infections admitted to hospital were treated with 6-[(R)-2-(2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-phenyl-acetamido]-penicillanic acid sodium salt (azlocillin, Securopen) for 5 to 10 days. Isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14), Proteus mirabilis (3), Escherichia coli (2) and Klebsiella spp. (1). Serum concentrations and urine recovery were measured on the fifth day of treatment. The mean serum half-life was 1.85 h and the mean value of the urine recovery 47% of the single dose. Tissue concentrations were analyzed in one patient. The samples were taken 3 h after the infusion. The azlocillin concentration of the renal cortex, 60 microgram/g, was six times higher than the corresponding serum concentration. On the 5th day of treatment the urine was sterile in 80% of the patients. In 12 patients (60%) the urine was still sterile when controlled 2-6 months later. Three patients were treated twice and bacteriologically cured after each period. No sign of sensitization was seen. Side-effects were not reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Thermography as a tool for evaluating the local tolerance of i.m. administration of drugs.

Until today the local tolerance of i.m. administration of various drugs has been possible to register only by asking the patients about their subjective feelings. In this study using a new galenic form of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (Bactrim) developed for i. m. administration and ampicillin we could find that thermography can be used as a very exact method to measure the local tolerance of i.m. administered drugs. In fact, the thermography gave reaction before the patient reported any pain and in cases where pain existed the thermography findings correlated well with the reports of the test persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tissue antibodies in malignant and benign urogenital disease.

The presence of anti-tissue antibodies in sera from patients with genitourinary carcinomas and non-malignant genitourinary diseases was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. An increased incidence of various tissue antibodies was observed in carcinomas of the urinary bladder, prostate and kidney when compared to controls. There was a trend towards association between antinuclear antibodies and metastatic undifferentiated tumors. A low degree of malignancy was associated with antibodies against connective tissue "reticulin". A striking similarity between tissue antibody "patterns" in carcinoma patients and patients with chronic renal inflammation was seen. This points to inflammation as being an important factor in tissue antibody production.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of Condyloma acuminata in male patients.

The treatment of 101 male patients with venereal warts is described. Prior to the study 33 patients had been treated unsuccessfully with podophyllin. 57 of the patients showed urethral lesions while 2 also showed venereal warts in the bladder. The primary treatment was electrocoagulation in 100 patients, 58 of these being cured. Chemical agents such as ethoglucid, Verruxin and thiotepa seemed to be effective in the treatment of resistant, especially intraurethral condylomas. In 8 patients autogenous vaccination was used, 6 responding completely to the vaccination alone while the remaining 2 were cured after vaccination and excision.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis. Case report.

A case of carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis, diagnosed by exfoliative cytology from ureteral specimens and treated by nephroureterectomy, is reported. Urothelial carcinomas in situ are very rare in the renal pelvis, but an increasing number in the bladder have been diagnosed. Urinary cytology plays the most important role in the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ of the renal pelvis and may be used as a screening test of patients exposed to known carcinogens.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1977

Preoperative irradiation in the treatment of renal adenocarcinoma.

The effect of preoperative irradiation on the survival of patients with renal adenocarcinoma was studied in a clinical trial. 88 patients with verified renal carcinoma entered the trial during 1968-1972, of whom 38, selected in a randomized fashion, received preoperative irradiation to a total dose of 3 300 rads in 3 weeks, followed by extrafascial nephrectomy after a 3 week interval; in the remainder an extrafascial nephrectomy was performed immediately. Actuarial 5-year survival was 47% in the "preoperative irradiation" group and 63% in the "nephrectomy-only" group, i.e. preoperative irradiation did not improve the 5-year prognosis. Survival was also studied in P-categories of the U.I.C.C. as well as in high and low grade malignancies. In none of these groups could we find a clear tendency to a more favourable prognosis with preoperative irradiation; no statistically significant differences were found. Because no improvement in prognosis after preoperative irradiation was found in our series or any of the sub-groups, we consider preoperative irradiation not routinely indicated as an adjuvant therapy. It may be useful in some selected cases, but selecting these cases will be difficult.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Removable purse-string suture of the bladder neck in transvesical prostatectomy.

Insertion of the provisional Malament purse-string suture of the bladder neck proved an effective haemostatic method of treating serious haemorrhage following suprapubic prostatectomy. In a series of 15 patients, bladder-neck stenosis developed in one case, but in this patient the technique had been used incorrectly. In the other cases there were no serious complications. The method is suitable for bleeding which cannot otherwise be stopped during the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Electron microscopic and histological findings on urinary bladder epithelium in interstitial cystitis.

Urinary bladder epithelium was studied with electron microscope in 50 patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) and 9 controls. In addition, biopsies of 14 patients with IC were studied with special stains for the presence of bacteria or viral inclusions in the epithelium. No bacteria or viral inclusions could be demonstrated. On the basis of these and earlier negative findings it appears that simple infection of the epithelium is ruled out as the aetiology in IC. Electron microscopy demonstrated an increase in large swollen epithelial cells with decreased amount of lateral processes in half of the IC samples and inflammatory changes in the mucosa. The similarity of the ultrastructure of epithelial cells in controls and IC patients makes it improbable that the disease process originates in the epithelium. In this study special attention was paid to large cytosomes (diameter 0.4--6.0 mum) in the epithelial cells. These contained small vesicular bodies (diameter 0.04--0.2 mum) and lipid droplets, and were found in controls as well as in IC patients.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of urinary incontinence by the Scott-Bradley-Timm artificial sphincter. A report of eight cases.

Eight patients were treated with an implantable artificial urinary sphincter. Five patients had neurogenic bladders, two had postprostatectomy incontinence and one severe recurring stress incontinence. The main problem was mechanical failure of the device in four patients. The present results (follow up two to ten months) may be classified as satisfactory in six and unsatisfactory in two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Radiology and fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of tumours of the kidney.

The value of angiography and fine needle aspiration biopsy in detecting, grading and staging of renal tumours was studied in 55 patients with renal tumours suspected clinically or on urography. 42 patients had malignant tumours. A correct angiographic diagnosis was made in 94% of the renal adenocarcinomas, the corresponding percentage for the aspiration biopsies was 71%. A combination of angiography and cytologic examination gave the correct diagnosis in 97%. In 4 cases of renal pelvic carcinoma the angiography showed extensive hydronephrosis only, the final diagnosis in these was cases achieved by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Angiographic staging of 30 renal adenocarcinomas was made according to the TNM system. The radiological staging was correct in 30% of T3 tumours, but in only 50% of T1 tumours and in one out of five T2 tumours. The difficulties seemed to be in determining the relation of tumours situated marginally near the renal capsule. Angiographic grading of the tumour was made according to the vascular pattern and the time of venous filling. Sparse vascularity and venous filling time of over 5 seconds was found in highly differentiated carcinomas and abundant vascularity and fast venous filling in neoplasms of moderate or low differentiation. The cytologic grading correlated fairly well with the histological grading. This study shows that angiography combine with fine needle aspiration biopsy provides good facilities for obtaining a correct diagnosis in renal tumours and preoperative information of the extent and degree of differentiation of renal malignant tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗