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Biomedical subjects

O A Sklianskaia

Publications and source records attributed to O A Sklianskaia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Reparative characteristics of gastric and duodenal mucosa in ulcer].

Mucosal repair in the stomach and duodenum was assessed clinically and morphologically in various ulcer phases in 475 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer. It was found that poorly scarring ulcers are characterized by severe impairment of regeneration with epithelial proliferation prevailing over its differentiation. Participation of immune system, primarily T-cell component, in regeneration regulation is shown. Helicobacter pylori is not involved in repair. Superoxide dismutase activity in red cells and ulcer edges mucosa is prognostically significant indicating the disease phase, completeness of ulcer process.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Intraoperative instrumental examination in stomach cancer].

Ultrasound examination and laser autofluorescent spectroscopy were used intraoperatively for evaluation of gastric cancer dissemination. These methods were efficient in differentiation of cancer and benign tumors, estimation of cancer dissemination, revealing of metastases in the liver and lymph nodes. The use of these methods made it possible to increase sensitivity and specificity of estimation of cancer infiltration to 100% and of revealing lymph nodes metastases to 90% and 76%, respectively.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

[The unique course of a chronic generalized infection with the hepatitis B virus (a clinico-morphological observation)].

In a young male chronic generalized HBV infection (acute viral hepatitis in childhood, HBsAg, HBeAb, HBcAb in the blood serum) ran with a long-term fever and involvement of many organs and systems (the liver, lungs, CNS) complicating the diagnosis. The patient died in the presence of CNS affection and hepatorenal insufficiency. At biopsy and autopsy it was established that the patient had active hepatic cirrhosis, fibrosing alveolitis, pulmonary vasculitides, chronic pneumonia, cerebral vasculitis, myocarditis and postmyocarditis cardiosclerosis, necrotizing myositis, Sjogren's syndrome, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic criteria of pyloric helicobacter infection in peptic ulcer].

Helicobacter pylori (HP) in 41 patients (10 with stomach ulcer and 31 with duodenum ulcer) was found in gastro-biopsies from the stomach antrum before and after the treatment. The following methods to reveal HP were used: Giemsa staining, immunoperoxidase reaction with polyclonal monospecific antibodies against HP, urease rapid test. HP was also revealed in the blood serum by antibodies against HP by means of enzyme immunoassay. Electron microscopy was performed in 5 patients and bacteriologic study in 10 patients. Immunohistochemical method allows one to judge about real HP colonization of the gastric mucosa. Bacterioscopy with Giemsa staining gives good results but they are not true markers of HP presence this being explained by other methods. Serologic enzyme immunoassay gives an idea about the patient contamination, but not about HP eliminations as a result of treatment. Urease-test is adjuvant.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1991

[The dynamics of the focal changes in the gastric mucosa of patients with chronic gastritis based on the data from a multiyear endoscopic observation in a polyclinic].

Out of 1700 patients suffering from chronic gastritis, a group of 221 patients followed up for 6 to 14 years at an outpatient clinic was distinguished. Endoscopy and biopsy of gastric mucosa areas with focal lesions were carried out annually. 140 patients were discovered to have atrophic hyperplastic gastritis, 81 "complete" erosions". The lesions were of solitary or multiple character and were coupled with the other manifestations of chronic gastritis. Histology revealed different manifestations of chronic atrophic gastritis. 7.2% of the patients showed moderate dysplasia of the epithelium. The follow-up of focal hyperplasias established invariability of those formations or occurrence of the new ones in 89% of cases. In patients with "complete" erosions, such a course was recorded in 47% of cases whereas in the remainder, there was a decrease or complete disappearance of the sign. Dynamics of the histological appearance available in 28% of the patients, lay in atrophy enhancement and in the appearance of foci of intestinal metaplasia. In an equal number of cases, dysplasia of the epithelium was invariable; in some cases, it disappeared or else its intensity changed (within the framework of mild and medium degree).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Campylobacter pylori and the reparative processes in peptic ulcer].

The paper deals with reparative potential of gastric and duodenal mucosa in ulcer in connection with the presence and quantity of Campylobacter pylori (CP) which is found practically in all patients not only with duodenal localization of ulcer but with mediogastric and pyloroantral localization as well. No correlation between the CP presence and CP mucosa colonization on the one hand and the type of reparative processes in the mucosa is found. The presence or the absence of CP as well as the degree of CP mucosal dissemination have no influence on the clinical course of the ulcer. Antiulcer treatment aiming at aggression factors (histamine H2-receptors blockers) and protective factors (enprostil) and lacking antibacterial activity improves the reparative processes but does not influence CP. Thus, CP is not etiological and probably is not a main pathogenetic factor in ulcer development. Its participation in the genesis of ulcer is possibly brought about under conditions of suppression of local protective mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Chronic gastroduodenitis in children and Campylobacter pylori].

Gastric biopsies from 90 children (from 5- to 15-year-old) with chronic gastroduodenitis were examined for Campylobacter pylori (CP) by bacteriological, histological (Giemsa stain, argentation by Warthin-Starry, acridine orange stain) and electron microscopical methods. CP is detected in 81.2% children. The degree of colonization was low or moderate. The increase of occurrence was noted with age and duration of disease. Persistence of CP went down with the increase of atrophic change in the gastric mucosa and duodenum, but there was no clear-cut correlation with the morphological variant of gastritis and the stage of disease. Colonization with CP is regarded as an important part in the pathogenesis of chronic gastroduodenitis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Gastroscopy in follow-up studies of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and diagnosis of early gastric cancer].

Visual assessment of gastric mucosa and histological findings in biopsies from the lesions were compared for 1806 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. The spectrum of the focal lesions appeared wide. Morphological examinations determined basic comparable structural elements typical for atrophic gastritis. 85 patients were diagnosed to have early gastric cancer. All the cancer patients suffered from chronic atrophic gastritis and developed in 88% of cases intestinal metaplasia, in 32% severe epithelial dysplasia. Focal changes in the mucosa characteristic for early gastric cancer in 64% of cases could be considered as variants of chronic atrophic gastritis. In 52 patients cancer was identified during the follow-up, new-onset macroscopic alterations emerging in the last year in 62% cancer subjects. The rest of them had long-lasting macroscopic lesions, among them severe dysplasia of the epithelium in 65% of cases, believed to be histological variants of atrophic gastritis. Early cancer is suggested to develop in the presence of previous lesions rapidly and discretely.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Relation between epithelial dysplasia and early cancer of the stomach].

Mild to severe dysplasia ranked first among precancerous lesions in gastric adenoma and stomach stump gastritis. Repeated gastric biopsy of adenomas revealed enhancement of dysplasia proceeding to papillary adenocarcinoma. Epithelial dysplasia invariably occurred in areas adjacent to early carcinoma. A relationship was established between the pattern of dysplasia and histologic type of cancer. As dysplasia advanced, the ultrastructural signs of cell atypia became more pronounced. The electron microscopic features of severe dysplasia were similar to those of carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1985

[Dysplasia and early stomach cancer].

Biopsy and operative material was used to study the incidence and significance of different degrees of dysplasia in precancerous diseases and gastric cancer, its evolution and pathognomonic features, with various morphological methods. It is shown that mild and moderate dysplasia is indistinguishable from regenerative changes in gastritis, erosions and gastric ulcer, it can undergo involution or malignization. A marker of enhanced risk of gastric cancer is severe dysplasia which is often multicentric. Among pretumor diseases, most frequently severe dysplasia is found with adenoma and gastritis of the stump. Severe dysplasia in the absence of cancer in the gastrobiopsy material makes mandatory a dynamic study with biopsies taken every three months from different regions of the mucosa. The degree of dysplasia can be objectively tested by quantitating the DNA content, and its average content can be a criterion for differential diagnosis between severe dysplasia and early cancer. The histochemical, radioautographic, and electron microscopic features of dysplasia, testifying to impaired regeneration of te epithelium, cannot serve to differentiate between severe dysplasia and cancer or to assess the risk of transition of dysplasia into cancer. The main way of solving this problem is dynamic observation.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative evaluation of dysplasia and early cancer of the stomach based on analysis of DNA content].

DNA content in the tumour cell nuclei was studied in 16 cases of early stomach carcinoma and in the adjacent areas of the foveolar epithelium dysplasia and metaplastic intestinal epithelium. One wave microspectrophotometry was used; the slides were stained with gallocyanin-chrome alum. The number of DNA synthesizing diploid cells was increasing with the increase of the dysplasia degree. The number of tetraploid cells was higher and the signs of aneuploidy appeared in the areas of noninvasive carcinoma. The stem line in early invasive carcinoma was represented by the diploid cells. The increase of cell atypia in tubular and papillary adenocarcinoma is followed by increase of the tetraploid cell number and by the appearance of polyploidy and aneuploidy. Both undifferentiated and goblet-cell carcinomas have similar parameters of the DNA histogram. DNA content allows an objective judgement on the degree of an early carcinoma cell atypia and differentiation of the advanced dysplasia and noninvasive carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Small focal lesions of the stomach].

Small lesions of the stomach in 71 patients are examined roentgenologically, endoscopically and morphologically. The material of 110 gastrobiopsies and 17 stomachs removed because of carcinoma are also studied. The morphological characteristics of small focal stomach lesions (polyps, chronic ulcer, chronic erosions, chronic gastritis, carcinoma) which roentgenologically can be diagnosed only in 62%, is presented. The existing system of patient examination requires a new approach, i.e. the correct and duly diagnosis of stomach carcinoma is possible if repeated endoscopy and morphological study of biopsies are carried out. It seems that the group of "increased risk" should consist of patients with small focal lesions of the stomach in which pronounced dysplasia of the epithelium is observed histologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Association of small peripheral lung cancer and early stomach cancer].

A combination of peripheral lung oat-cell carcinoma and early gastric highly differentiated adenocarcinoma in a man of 52 with long-term chronic peptic ulcer existing for 20 years is described. Electron microscopic and histochemical examinations of pulmonary carcinoma revealed neurosecretory granules and keratohyalin in the tumor cells. The gastric tumor on the ultrastructural level had cells differentiating in the direction of the glandular and intestinal epithelium. The presence of two independent malignant tumors in the patient was proven by the use of several morphological methods (cytologic, histologic, histochemical and electron microscopic).

Adenocarcinoma↗