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Biomedical subjects

O A Khondkarian

Publications and source records attributed to O A Khondkarian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Cyclic nucleotides in multiple sclerosis].

The authors studied concentrations of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP), as well as their ratio in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 83 patients with disseminated sclerosis of different forms and variants. An elevation in cAMP concentrations in the plasma and CSF detected in all the patients was more expressed in cases of a long standing and disseminated process. Blood levels of cAMP showed greater variability in the period of exacerbation versus remission of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Immunologic abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

A comprehensive immunological examination of 20 patients with various clinical manifestations of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) was carried out. The authors determined the total lymphocyte count, the percentage and absolute ratio of T- and B-lymphocytes of the blood, subpopulations of active, theophylline sensitive and theophylline resistant lymphocytes and also the content of serum immunoglobulins A, M and G as well as the circulating immune complexes (IC). Patients with LAS exhibited a decreased total count of blood lymphocytes and increased the percentage of B-cells and IgM. The ratio of the number of the theophylline resistant and theophylline sensitive cells was also found to change at the expense of a decrease in the latter (T-suppressors). Patients with different duration and severity of the disease were shown to have some differences in their immunological indices. The role of the immunopathological reactions in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Criteria for the activity of the pathologic process in multiple sclerosis (clinico-computer tomographic correlations)].

Eight patients with the clinical signs of disease exacerbation were examined using computer-aided tomography of the head with contrast intensification. In 4 patients with a clinical aggravation expressed in the appearance of new neurological symptoms the authors obtained an effect of contrast intensification. Routine examination of the zones of the white substance revealed drug accumulation in the zones of both subnormal and normal density. There was no drug cumulation in 4 patients whose clinical aggravation was connected with the previous neurological symptomatology. The data obtained are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in the nervous system during prolonged hypokinesia (clinico-experimental study)].

A combined clinical and neurophysiological study of 12 clinically healthy subjects under conditions of strict bed regimen was carried out. The data obtained have shown that hypokinesia in initially healthy subjects induces a complex of neurological changes expressed as the neurosis-like vegetative-dystonic syndrome attended with reflectory-motor and cerebrovascular disorders. Similar alterations prevail in patients with "nosogenic" hypokinesia when the motor sphere is impaired. Muscular electrostimulation is proved advisable as a therapeutic-prophylactic means for hypokinetic changes in the nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Histocompatibility antigens in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients].

A study of HLA antigens in 55 patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis yielded the results which suggest that the risk of the development of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis is associated with HLA B18 antigen, while the character of the disease progression is related to HLA B27 and BW35 antigens. The patients displayed a decreased incidence of HLA B8 and B7 antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Clinico-immunologic correlations in disseminated sclerosis].

The intensity of cellular and humoral immunity was shown to correlate with the acuteness and severity of disseminated sclerosis in 107 patients. During disease exacerbations, the patients displayed a decreased activity of T lymphocytes, which was determined by lymphocyte blast transformation, as well as high levels of cerebral, and low ones of complement fixing antibodies. The intensity of cellular reactivity was reduced in subjects with the most unfavourable, steadily progressing disease. The data obtained point to the necessity of a differential approach toward the immunotherapy of disseminated sclerosis. The deviations in the cellular and humoral phases of patients' immunity should be also taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinico-computer-tomographic correlations in multiple sclerosis patients].

The authors carried out computer-tomographic examinations of the head of 115 patients suffering from disseminated sclerosis. Various pathological signs, such as a distention of the cerebral ventricles and the subarachnoidal space, a diminution of the cerebellum volume, and presence of lowered-density foci, were revealed in 72% of the patients. 34 lowered-density foci appeared to be subclinical. The computer-tomographic findings were correlated with the disease phase and duration, and the results of the correlation were analyzed. In the phase of the process exacerbation, the lowered-density foci were found more frequently than in the phase of remission, the frequency increase being statistically significant. The distention of the brain ventricles and subarachnoidal space was observed twice as more frequently in patients with a disease duration of over 5 years, than in patients who were ill for 5 years or less. In 3 patients with the spinal form of the disease, a number of signs of brain affection were revealed on the computer-tomographic examination. The data obtained are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Thymus-dependent and thymus-independent blood lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis].

In 65 patients with various clinical manifestations of disseminated sclerosis, the percentage and absolute content of T- and B-lymphocytes, as well as of the three classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) were examined. Use was made of spontaneous and active rosette formation. B-lymphocytes were determined by the immunofluorescent method of detecting superficial immunoglobulins, and by complementary rosette formation. The serum immunoglobulins were determined by the radial immunodiffusion method. The content of T-lymphocytes in patients was found to vary, which was largely observed in patients with the remitting course of the disease. The content of B-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins G and M was found to be increased significantly, this increase being observed especially frequently at active stages of the disease. The importance of the discovered anomalies in the immune status for the disease pathogenesis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Classification of multiple sclerosis].

A classification of disseminated sclerosis summing up many years of follow up of 750 patients is proposed. According to this classification, the cerebral, spinal and cerebrospinal forms are distinguished. The cerebral form includes hyperkinetic and ocular disease varieties. Both childhood disseminated sclerosis and disease variety with a late debut are distinguished. Rare cases of familial disseminated sclerosis are marked. Acute disseminated sclerosis is considered only as a stage of chronic disease development.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Classification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (clinico-electromyographic study)].

On the basis of the clinical electromyographic examination of 117 patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, the relationship was ascertained between the manifestations of this illness and the primary localization of amyotrophies in the distal or proximal regions of the extremities. The first group was characterized by rapid generalization of the pathological process and by the presence of marked symptoms of the involvement of the segmento-nuclear motoneurons and the pyramidal tracts whilst the second group largely manifested impairment of the anterior cornual motor cells and the spinal localization of the process throughout the course of the disease. It is suggested that cervicothoracic and lumbosacral forms of the illness be subdivided into distinctive variants in relation to the primary localization of amyotrophies in the distal or proximal regions of the extremities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Multiple sclerosis and the histocompatibility system].

Examination of the histocompatibility antigens carried out in 62 patients of the Russian nationality suffering from disseminated sclerosis showed that the HLA-B7 antigen was encountered in them more frequently than in healthy people. The distribution of the A2 and A3 antigens of the HLA system was different depending on the character of the disease course, the A2 antigen was prevalent in a relatively benign, remitting process, while prevalence of the A3 antigen was characteristic for rapidly progressing processes that led to grave affections of the nervous system. In the patients' families two haplotypes, i. e. A2B7 and A3B7 were found to be prevalent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis patients].

Studies of histocompatibility antigens in 25 patients, Russians by nationality, suffering from multiple sclerosis showed that antigens HLA-B7 were found in them more frequently than in healthy subjects. Also prevalence of antigens A2 and A3 was noted in the patients, each antigen being prevalent depending on the process type. Antigen A2 was prevailing in patients with a relatively benign process, while antigen A3 was predominant in patients with a rapidly progressing disease that led to grave affections of the nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Muscle spasms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (clinico-electromyographnic analysis)].

The diagnostic importance and electromyographic characteristics of the muscular spasms were studied in patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis at various stages of the disease. It has been shown that the muscular spasms are a typical symptom of this disease, and may be an early manifestation of the latter. The clinical and electromyographic characteristics of the spasms depend on the depth of the pathological process. Of importance in the origin of the muscular spasms in the lateral amyotrophic sclerosis is involvement of many levels of the cortico-muscular path, however, distrubances of the intraspinal mechanisms are, probably, the leading cause.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1978

[Thymus-dependent lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

A study of the rosetteforming possibilities of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with disseminated sclerosis and lateral amyotrophical sclerosis detected a significant deficit of a subpopulation of T-cells, which form the most active rosettes of the morula type. Besides, in patients with disseminated sclerosis the relative amount of rosetteforming lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is significantly lower.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Serum antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens of the human brain in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotropic lateral sclerosis].

In order to eliminate antibodies to water soluble proteins of the human brain which were preliminary divided into 10 fractions of DEAE-cellulose, the authors studied the serum of 30 patients with disseminated sclerosis and 30 patients with lateral amyotrophical sclerosis and determined their antithymic serum activity. The antibides were detected only to protein fractions 1,2 and 10. There was a tendency towards a more frequent detection of antibodies with an increase of the severity of the disease. It was not possible to determine antibodies with an increase of the severity of the disease. It was not possible to determine any correlation between the amount of antibodies and such clinical indices as the degree of severity, duration, form of the disorder, age and sex of the patients. The cytotoxic index of the patients was significantly higher than that in normals. The authors also found a correlation between the antibodies in the serum cytoplasmatic brain proteins and antithymic activity of the same sera.

Adolescent↗