Biomedical subjects

Ning Lu

Publications and source records attributed to Ning Lu.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[A comparative study of endoscopic image stained by iodine and histopathology in early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (dysplasia)].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis. METHODS: A balloon cytological screening was conducted in 4000 participants in high-risk area of esophageal cancer in 1997-1998, 1050 out of these 4000 participants were confirmed as abnormal by cytology. Among them, 867 were given endoscopy examination during which mucosal stain with 1.2% iodine solution was used. The stain images were graded as four categories: Grade 1, dark yellow, protruding inlay-like with clear borders and showing pink after discoloration; Grade 2, between grade 1 and grade 3; Grade 3, light yellow, flat lesion with clear but not sharp borders and Grade 4, dark-brown color. According to the above criteria, the lesions were recorded and graded after the examination. The biopsies were taken from the unstained lesions and underwent pathologic evaluation. A comparison between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis was evaluated. The correlation coefficient was estimated using Spearman's Rank Correlation. RESULTS: 94.4% (68/72) of the superficial carcinoma and severe dysplasia, 61.8% (73/118) of moderate dysplasia and 27.7% (35/126) of mild dysplasia were distributed in the grade 1 and grade 2 of iodine stain images of which the patterns conforming to the principle and rule of formation of the image by iodine stain. CONCLUSION: There is close relationship between the imaging patterns of endoscopy aided by iodine stain and histological diagnosis. The magnitude of exposure of the malignant tissue is the pathologic basis of formation of various images by iodine stain. Iodine stain greatly helps of early detection of esophageal cancer.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2003

Microsatellite alterations in esophageal dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma from laser capture microdissected endoscopic biopsies.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with a 5 year survival below 15%, is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. Significant reduction in mortality may be achieved by detecting and treating asymptomatic precursor lesions and curable early cancers. To explore this possibility and look for potential early detection markers, we examined alterations in 16 microsatellite markers in laser capture microdissected (LCM) endoscopic biopsies from the esophagus, including 15 dysplasias and 22 ESCCs, in patients from Shanxi Province, a region in north-central China. We found a significant increase in the total frequency of allelic loss with increasing disease severity. Allelic loss was seen in 2% of the markers in patients with low grade dysplasia (LGD), 15% of the markers in patients with high grade dysplasia (HGD), and 35% of the markers in patients with ESCC. Ten different markers (D3S4513, D5S2501, D8S1106, D9S118, D9S910, D13S1493, D13S894, D13S796, D15S655, and D17S1303) showed allelic loss in one or more of the premalignant lesions tested. The frequency of microsatellite instability (MSI) also increased with histological severity, from 22% in LGD to 33% in HGD and 59% in ESCC. These results indicate that the development of ESCC is associated with genetic instability, that this instability can be detected in endoscopic biopsies of recognized precursor lesions in patients without invasive cancer, and that these markers may be useful as predictive markers in the early detection of ESCC. Finally, we also report methodologic/technical modifications that enhance the use of LCM for screening endoscopic biopsies.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Central interleukin-1beta antibody increases renal and splenic sympathetic nerve discharge.

We tested the hypothesis that intracerebroventricular (lateral ventricle) administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) antibody increases the level of sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and SND (splenic and renal) were recorded before (Preinfusion), during (25 min), and for 45 min after infusion of IL-1beta antibody (15 microg, 50 microl icv) in baroreceptor-intact (intact) and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats. The following observations were made. First, intracerebroventricular infusion of IL-1beta antibody (but not saline and IgG) significantly increased MAP and the pressor response was higher in SAD compared with intact rats. Second, renal and splenic SND were significantly increased during and after intracerebroventricular IL-1beta antibody infusion and sympathoexcitatory responses were higher in SAD compared with intact rats. Third, intracerebroventricular administration of a single dose of IL-1beta antibody (15 microg, 5 microl for 2 min) significantly increased splenic and renal SND in intact rats. These results suggest that under the conditions of the present experiments central neural IL-1beta plays a role in the tonic regulation of SND and arterial blood pressure.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗

PubMed2003

Role of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodelling.

1. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonism has been considered as a specific approach to block the renin-angiotensin system and been demonstrated to be able to prevent or regress LVH by interfering with the remodelling process of the heart. 2. Angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade induces a marked increase in angiotensin (Ang) II, which may stimulate the AT2 receptors. Gene expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors increases in a time-dependent manner in cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction. 3. Considerable efforts have been made to clarify the role of AT2 receptors in cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling since the mid-1990s, resulting in controversial reports: the AT2 receptor mediates actions either opposite to or in coordination with those of the AT1 receptor. Moreover, there are many reports of no significant effects mediated by AT2 receptors. 4. Based on the studies reviewed in the present article, we assume that the predominant effect of AngII in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodelling is growth promoting and that this effect is mediated mainly via AT1 receptors. The AT2 receptors may affect the hypertrophic process by interacting with other cardiac membrane proteins, enzymes and autacoids. Before coming to a conclusion as to whether AT2 receptor stimulation or antagonism is beneficial to the heart, more studies should be performed in different LVH models, especially long-term treatment protocols in vivo.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed2003

HIV/STI associated risk behaviors among self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender college students in the United States.

An Internet survey was conducted during the 2001-2002 academic year to examine the health risk behaviors, including HIV/STI associated behaviors, of self-identified lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) college students in the United States. A total of 450 LGBT college students completed the entire online survey. Most respondents attended a 4-year (96.9%), coeducational (98.6%), non-religiously affiliated (87.5%), public (68.6%) institution. Eighty-nine percent reported having sex with someone of the same sex and 45% had multiple (6 or more) sex partners during their lifetime. Most reported using a condom consistently during penile-vaginal (61%) and anal sex (63%). However, only 4% used a condom or other barrier consistently during oral sex and 28% used a condom or other barrier during their last sexual encounter. Injection drug use and needle-sharing behavior was low (2.1% and 1.1%, respectively). Comparisons with heterosexual college students' HIV/STI associated risk behaviors are included. Results may be useful for HIV/STI prevention programs targeting LGBT college students.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Comparative study on immune enhancement effects of four kinds of dodder seeds in Shandong Province].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of immune enhancement, anti-fatigue and anoxia tolerance on mice of four kinds of dodder seeds in Shandong Province. METHODS: Water extracts and alcohol extracts of the four kinds of dodder seeds were administered to mice. The phagocytosis of coelio-macrophage, the weight changes of the immune organs, the survival time to swimming and lacking of oxygen were observed. RESULTS: The four kinds of dodder seeds in Shandong Province could enhance the phagocytosis of macrophage of mice and increase the weights of thymus and spleen of the immature mice. They could prolong the survival time of mice swimming and lacking oxygen. Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and C. australis R. Br. had better effects than the other two kinds, and the water extracts had better effects than alcohol extracts. CONCLUSION: The four kinds of dodder seeds in Shandong Province have the effects of immune enhancement, anti-fatigue and anoxia tolerance. The polysaccharide in dodder seeds is one of the effective materials to improve the immune system.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Translocation of annexin I from cellular membrane to the nuclear membrane in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the alteration of the annexin I subcellular localization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the correlation between the translocation and the tumorigenesis of ESCC. METHODS: The protein localization of annexin I was detected in both human ESCC tissues and cell line via the indirect immunofluorescence strategy. RESULTS: In the normal esophageal epithelia the annexin I was mainly located on the plasma membrane and formed a consecutive typical trammels net. Annexin I protein also expressed dispersively in cytoplasm and the nuclei without specific localization on the nuclear membrane. In esophageal cancer annexin I decreased very sharply with scattered disappearance on the cellular membrane, however it translocated and highly expressed on the nuclear membrane, which was never found in normal esophageal epithelia. In cultured esophageal cancer cell line annexin I protein was also focused on the nuclear membrane, which was consistent with the result from esophageal cancer tissues. CONCLUSION: This observation suggests that the translocation of annexin I protein in ESCC may correlate with the tumorigenesis of the esophageal cancer.

Annexin A1↗

PubMed2003

Down-regulation of gamma-synuclein in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM: To investigate gene expression pattern of human gamma-synuclein gene in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by using semi-quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to study the role of gamma-synuclein in the development of human ESCC. METHODS: Semi-quantitive RT-PCR of 27 pairs of specimens of human ESCC tissues and corresponding normal tissues was used to investigate the expression pattern of gamma-synuclein in ESCC. 9706/gamma-syn cells in which gamma-synuclein was overexpressed were obtained through cloning gamma-synuclein gene by PCR and transfecting it into ESCC 9706 cells, then selecting with G-418 for 14 days. The biological effects of gamma-synuclein were measured and compared between 9706/gamma-syn and 9706/vec cells by cell growth curve and soft agar assay. RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that gamma-synuclein gene was expressed in all the 27 cases of normal epithelial tissues, while downregulation of gamma-synuclein was observed in 16 out of the 27 cases (59.3 %) of ESCC. There were also 6 cases of ESCC tissues with a high expression level of gamma-synuclein mRNA. In functional analysis we found that over-expression of gamma-synuclein in ESCC 9706 cells could inhibit the growth rate and transformation ability of ESCC 9706 cells. CONCLUSION: The low expression level of gamma-synuclein in human ESCC and the biological effects of gamma-synuclein over-expression on ESCC 9706 cells suggest that gamma-synuclein may play a role as a negative regulator in the development of human ESCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2003

[Significance of screening by iodine staining of endoscopic examination in the area of high incidence of esophageal carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In order to improve early detection and visualization of esophageal premalignant lesion and carcinoma, this study was designed to explore significance of the screening by iodine staining of endoscopic examination in the area of high incidence of esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Three screenings were completed through endoscopic examination for 3164 persons in high-risk population. Esophageal epithelium was stained with iodine in endoscopic examination. According to mucosal color and pathological result, esophageal carcinoma and premalignant lesion were confirmed. RESULTS: After staining, the normal epithelium became brown and precancerous or malignant epithelium manifested yellow with sharp margin. (1) 100% early esophageal cancer was iodine staining positive, all lesions were grade I to grade II. The incidence rates of early esophageal carcinoma and advanced esophageal carcinoma were 1.60%-4.59% and 0.29%-1.09%, respectively. Early detection rate of esophageal carcinoma was all over 75%. (2) 95.6% severe dysplasia were staining positive; 91.3% lesion were grade I and grade II in staining. The incidence rate of severe dysplasia was 4.49%-7.68%. (3) 96.6% moderate dysplasia was positive in iodine staining, 73.3% lesion were grade II and grade III. (4) 92.3% mild dysplasia was positive in iodine staining; most of lesions were grade III. (5) 0.9% esophagitis and 0.4% normal esophageal mucosal were grade I and grade II in iodine staining, most of lesion were negative or grade III. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the screening with endoscopic staining examination could improve early detection of esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesion. Iodine staining showed highly sensitivity and specificity for identifying these precancerous and early squamous cancer lesions; it may be helpful for diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesion.

Endoscopy↗

PubMed2002

Cytogenetic studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in the northern Chinese population by comparative genomic hybridization.

Esophageal cancer is the fourth most prevalent malignancy in China. So far, the genetic events involved in esophageal cancer remain largely unknown. To identify chromosomal alterations in this disease, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 25 primary tumors of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Results exhibited nonrandom copy number changes in chromosome DNA, with higher incidence in gain than in loss. The average gains and losses per patient were 7.76 and 4, respectively. The most common gains were 3q (20/25), 1q (15/25), 8q (15/25), 20p (12/25), 20q (11/25), 5p (10/25), 15q (8/25), and 9q (8/25) with two minimal amplification loci mapped to chromosomal regions of 8q24 (2 cases) and 11q13 (7 cases). High-level amplification was observed at 3q (8 cases), 5p (4 cases), and 8q (4 cases). Losses at 3p (10/25), 13q (8/25), 18q (7/25), Xp (7/25), 4 (6/25), 9p (6/25), 14q (6/25), 18p (6/25), and 21q (6/25) were identified. Remarkably, ten cases showed both loss of the entire 3p and overrepresentation of almost the whole 3q. No significant differences in stage or grade of tumor were found for DNA copy number changes. The results provided candidate regions for potential oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes related to Chinese esophageal cancer, to which further molecular studies should be addressed.

Asian People↗

PubMed2002

Identification of somatic mutations of the RNF6 gene in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

We mapped a tumor suppressor gene locus to an 800-kb interval on human chromosome 13q12.11 for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Two genes, ML-1 and RNF6, are located within this 800-kb interval. We analyzed both genes for the presence of mutations in 24 ESCC primary tumors and 16 tumor cell lines by directly sequencing the PCR products that were amplified from each exon. No mutation was detected in ML-1. In contrast, three somatic mutations in the RNF6 gene were detected in the ESCC primary tumors, and one mutation was also found in a tumor cell line. Identification of multiple somatic mutations in RNF6 suggests that RNF6 is a potential tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2002

Dietary behavior in relation to socioeconomic characteristics and self-perceived health status.

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationship between dietary behavior and self-perceived health status and to demonstrate the relative significance of people's socioeconomic characteristics in relation to their dietary behavior. Data came from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of South Carolina. Descriptive statistics were performed to provide a profile of the general characteristics of the sample. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to examine the relative significance of socioeconomic status in relation to dietary behavior and the association between dietary behavior and self-perceived general, physical, and mental health status, controlling for other behavioral risk factors, such as smoking and sedentary lifestyle. Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals with low income and low educational level were more likely to engage in poor dietary practice than were their counterparts. Dietary behavior was found strongly associated with self-perceived general and mental health status.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Thyroid transcription factor-1 in the histogenesis of plumonary sclerosing hemangioma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the histogenesis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH). METHODS: With clinicopathologic data of 36 PSH patients obtained, all specimens were stained by immunohistochemical method with a panel of antibodies including TTF-1, SpA, CK, EMA, F-VIII, CD34, Claretinin, HBME, synaptophsin, chromogranin, actin and S-100. RESULTS: The patients were mostly women with a mean age of 46.7 years and a median age of 48 years. All lesions were solitary and well circumscribed with a mean size of 3.3 cm and a median size of 3 cm. No multiple or metastasis was found. Surface cells (SC) and round cells (RC) were showed in PSH, with more than 90% showing TTF-1 and EMA by immunohistochemical method. CK and SpA were showed in SC, which were not showed in RC. Neuroendocrine cells scattered within RC of PSH were detected in a few cases. Mesothelial, vascular endothelial, neuroendocrine, and myoepithelial markers by immunohistochemical method were negative. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma, a benign tumor, originates from the alveolar pneumocytes. Its surface cells are more mature, while the round cells, being primitive respiratory epithelia, may undergo phenotypic differentiation and evolve into mucinous glands or neuroendocrine structure among other components.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[VEGF expression in dog retina after chorioretinal venous anastomosis].

OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the dog retina after laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis (CRVA), in order to find out the relationship between CRVA treatment and the related neovascular complications. METHODS: Immediately after branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) model was made in 5 eyes of 5 normal dogs, CRVA treatment was done over a small tributary vein in the drainage distribution of the occluded vein. In each eye, there were 2 - 3 treatment sites. Four to six weeks later, a repeated treatment was given if the first treatment failed to show the anastomosis. The treatment sites with successful CRVA were divided into two groups: the small laser spot group, which received one treatment and the big laser spot group, which received more than one treatment. The expression of VEGF was investigated immunohistochemically in the treatment sites with successful anastomoses and in the 5 normal fellow eyes (control). RESULTS: There were totally 10 successful anastomoses in the 5 experimental eyes, among which, five received one treatment and the other 5 received more than one treatment. On fundus examination, the small laser spots were round and small, and the big laser spots were large with local proliferation. VEGF immunoreactivity was absent/weak in the normal dog retina, and remained unchanged in the small laser spot group, but somewhat increased in the big laser spot group. No neovascular complications occurred. All immunostaining experiments were accompanied by proper controls and none of the negative controls showed any immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Proper laser treatment can induce CRVA quite safely in nonischemic dog retina, which does not cause changes in the expression of VEGF, but severe laser damage in the treatment site can cause increased VEGF expression which may be related to neovascular complications.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Clinical features of 48 cases with retinal angioma].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of 48 cases with retinal angioma. METHODS: The 48 cases were retrospectively summarized. The clinical features included sex distribution, age at first visit, chief complains, visual acuity, and the size, number and site of retinal angioma identified by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and fundus examination. RESULTS: There were 24 males and 24 females. The mean age at onset was 27 years. Thirteen cases (27%) had bilateral retinal angiomas. Multiple angiomas were found in 22 eyes (36%). Seventeen cases (35%) were identified as von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease. The location of angioma was in the temporal retina in all the cases with only one angioma. All the symptomatic tumors were larger than 1 disc diameter (DD). The common symptoms of patients with retinal angioma were visual loss in 77% cases, floaters in 15% cases and distortion in 8% cases. CONCLUSION: Retinal angioma is an uncommon disease prone to be involved in both eyes and to primarily damage the vision of young and middle-aged adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Expression and significance of beta-catenin in esophageal carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Many reports have characterized the aberrant expression of beta-catenin in diverse types of human cancer. To determine whether beta-catenin has possible roles in esophageal carcinogensis, we designed this study to detect the expression pattern of beta-catenin in normal esophageal epithelium and esophageal cancer tissue, then to study the relevance of its expression and localization to tumor differetiation degree and lymph node metastasis. METHODS: By using immunohistochemical staining(SP method), the expression of beta-catenin was detected in 22 normal esophageal tissue slides and 52 esophageal carcinomas. RESULTS: In the 22 normal esophageal tissue, beta-catenin showed high intense expression at the membrane and low intense expression at the cytoplasm. In contrast to the normal tissue, beta-catenin was expressed in the cytoplasma in carcinoma with varied degrees, accompanied by less, or even lost expression at the membrane in cancer samples. In some cases, beta-catenin could be detected in the nucleus. Moreover, the positive rate of beta-catenin expression in cytoplasm was significantly higher in those patients with lymph node metastasis than patients without(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The aberrant expression of beta-catenin occurred frequently in the esophageal carcinoma, mainly including the translocation of beta-catenin protein from membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the accumulation of beta-catenin in cytoplasma was overt. And the aberrant expression of beta-catenin protein was statistically correlated to the lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Serum markers as predictors of esophageal squamous dysplasia and early cancer.

BACKGROUND: Squamous dysplasia is the precursor lesion for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A primary screening test for ESCC which identified this lesion could lead to a reduction in disease-specific mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based screening study in Linzhou, China. All subjects provided blood samples and underwent endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining and biopsy. We selected a subset of 84 subjects stratified on worst squamous histologic diagnosis in six categories and measured the serum concentrations of potential markers using commercially available ELISA tests for matrix metalloprotease-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, anti-p53 auto-antibodies, and soluble serum interleukin-2 receptor. RESULTS: Serum matrix metalloprotease-9 concentration was significantly different by esophageal squamous dysplasia status with a median (interquartile range) for subjects without dysplasia of 150 ng/ml (80-225) and subjects with dysplasia/early cancer of 97 ng/ml (58-155), p=0.033), but the maximum sensitivity and specificity were low. The serum concentrations of the other markers tested showed no significant differences by category of worst histologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Serum matrix metalloprotease-9 concentration could contribute to a primary screening test for an ESCC, but is insufficient alone.

Adult↗