Congenital candidiasis caused by different Candida species in a dizygotic pregnancy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Nikolaos Krallis
Publications and source records attributed to Nikolaos Krallis.
Optimal timing of research after anterior cruciate ligament resection in rabbits.
We sought to determine whether the post-traumatic pathology in the rabbit knee induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection is a model of cartilage injury and repair (i.e., irreversible osteoarthritis) or one in which phases of degeneration and regeneration occur. After knee instability was induced in 15 New Zealand White rabbits by ACL transection, the animals were separated into two groups according to the time of euthanasia (i.e., 8 weeks [n = 9] or 16 weeks [n = 6] after ACL transection). The macroscopic parameters evaluated were location, type, and extent of articular changes. The microscopic parameters evaluated were morphology of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (degeneration indices) and articular cartilage thickness, chondrocyte arrangement, and chondrocyte metabolic activity (regeneration indices). A total score of all histological sections from each animal was based on a modified Mankin's grading system characterizing the progression of osteoarthritic damage. The only statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between groups were those regarding chondral thickness, chondrocyte arrangement, and metabolic activity, indicating repairing of the articular cartilage. ACL transection led to rapid osteoarthritic changes during the first 8 weeks. However, during the later post-traumatic period, these changes progressed slowly because of a concurrent repair effort. Therefore, this experimental animal model offers investigators the choice of which phase-degenerative (early) or regenerative (late)-is most appropriate for their research purposes.
Animals↗
Neonatal bacteraemia: a population-based study.
The aims of this study were to explore the incidence of neonatal bacteraemia and identify the risk factors among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. The study included 3339 neonates admitted to the NICU of Ioannina University Hospital, North-Western Greece, during the 10-y period 1989-98. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of different risk factors to bacteraemia. A diagnosis of bacteraemia was made in 90 neonates (2.7%), 10 of whom (11%) died. Gram-negative bacilli, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Streptococci were the most common pathogens: 42%, 34% and 17%, respectively. Premature rupture of membranes was the main risk factor for early-onset sepsis (relative risk 6.28) and respiratory distress syndrome was the main risk factor for late-onset sepsis (relative risk 5.70). The relative size of neonates for their gestational age did not appear to influence the risk of infection. Case fatality was higher for early- than for late-onset sepsis (relative risk 6.59). In conclusion, certain conditions were confirmed to predispose patients to neonatal bacteraemia; neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by intervening to control these predisposing factors.
Bacteremia↗