Biomedical subjects

Neville Hogan

Publications and source records attributed to Neville Hogan.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Avoiding spurious submovement decompositions: a globally optimal algorithm.

Evidence for the existence of discrete submovements underlying continuous human movement has motivated many attempts to "extract" them. Although they produce visually convincing results, all of the methodologies that have been employed are prone to produce spurious decompositions. Examples of potential failures are given. A branch-and-bound algorithm for submovement extraction, capable of global nonlinear minimization (and hence capable of avoiding spurious decompositions), is developed and demonstrated.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

Effects of robotic therapy on motor impairment and recovery in chronic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether robotic therapy can reduce motor impairment and enhance recovery of the hemiparetic arm in persons with chronic stroke. DESIGN: Pre-posttest design. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital, outpatient care. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 20 persons diagnosed with a single, unilateral stroke within the past 1 to 5 years, with persistent hemiparesis. INTERVENTIONS: Robotic therapy was provided 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Subjects able to reach robot targets were randomly assigned to sensorimotor or progressive-resistive robotic therapy groups. Robotic therapy consisted of goal-directed, planar reaching tasks to exercise the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer test of upper-extremity function, Motor Status Scale (MSS) score, and Medical Research Council motor power score. RESULTS: Evaluations by a single blinded therapist revealed statistically significant gains from admission to discharge (P<.05) on the Fugl-Meyer test, MSS score, and motor power score. Secondary analyses revealed group differences: the progressive-resistive therapy group experienced nonspecific improvements on wrist and hand MSS scores that were not observed in the sensorimotor group. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic therapy may complement other treatment approaches by reducing motor impairment in persons with moderate to severe chronic impairments.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Robot-aided sensorimotor training in stroke rehabilitation.

The first groups to use robotic devices to enhance the sensorimotor experience of patients recovering from upper limb paralysis after stroke have generated encouraging information. Patient acceptance and staff enthusiasm for robot training at Burke--MIT is consistently high. Robot training data are consistent with other controlled studies showing that more activity leads to more motor improvement and decreased impairment. Therapists equipped with a robotic device can increase the amount and intensity of movement of the paralyzed limb without sacrificing time spent training complex functionally appropriate kinematics.

Arm↗

PubMed2002

Movement smoothness changes during stroke recovery.

Smoothness is characteristic of coordinated human movements, and stroke patients' movements seem to grow more smooth with recovery. We used a robotic therapy device to analyze five different measures of movement smoothness in the hemiparetic arm of 31 patients recovering from stroke. Four of the five metrics showed general increases in smoothness for the entire patient population. However, according to the fifth metric, the movements of patients with recent stroke grew less smooth over the course of therapy. This pattern was reproduced in a computer simulation of recovery based on submovement blending, suggesting that progressive blending of submovements underlies stroke recovery.

Acceleration↗

PubMed2002

Robotics in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with stroke.

Stroke is the leading cause of permanent disability despite continued advances in prevention and novel interventional treatments. Post-stroke neuro-rehabilitation programs teach compensatory strategies that alter the degree of permanent disability. Robotic devices are new tools for therapists to deliver enhanced sensorimotor training and concentrate on impairment reduction. Results from several groups have registered success in reducing impairment and increasing motor power with task-specific exercise delivered by the robotic devices. Enhancing the rehabilitation experience with task-specific repetitive exercise marks a different approach to the patient with stroke. The clinical challenge will be to streamline, adapt, and expand the robot protocols to accommodate healthcare economies, to determine which patients sustain the greatest benefit, and to explore the relationship between impairment reduction and disability level. With these new tools, therapists will measure aspects of outcome objectively and contribute to the emerging scientific basis of neuro-rehabilitation.

Bionics↗

PubMed1998

Serial processing in human movement production.

Parallel processing is often considered to be synonymous with biological computation, but a great deal of evidence points to serial computation being used by animals to solve specific types of problems. In particular, the observation of movement intermittency (fluctuations in limb kinematic variables that cannot be explained by low-level dynamics of the system) seems to imply a serial temporal segmentation strategy in the planning of arm movements. This paper discusses prior observations of movement intermittency in different task contexts, possible theoretical and physiological origins of the phenomenon, and implications for human movement strategies.

Journal Article↗