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Biomedical subjects

Nanette B Silverberg

Publications and source records attributed to Nanette B Silverberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Human papillomavirus infections in children.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The human papillomavirus is a ubiquitous 55-nm DNA virus that causes a variety of clinical disease states in children, commonly referred to as warts. The natural history of warts is spontaneous regression through the development of a complex blend of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Although spontaneous immunity can develop, as many as one third of children will have persistent human papillomavirus infection beyond 2 years. Therapeutic modalities are manifold, primarily because no therapy is universally effective. The purpose of this review is to update the reader with the latest information on the human papillomavirus and its therapeutics in children. RECENT FINDINGS: Recently, encouraging research has been conducted in human papillomavirus, including destructive and immunologic therapies. Vaccines tailored to genital human papillomavirus strains are just coming into clinical use. SUMMARY: Manipulation of the immune system through medications or vaccination will likely help contain human papillomavirus in the future and prevent secondary human papillomavirus oncogenesis of the skin and cervix.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Sun protection education in the United States: what we know and what needs to be taught.

The incidence of skin cancers in the United States is rising. This has correlated with a life-time of sun exposure and cumulative damage of repetitive sun-related injuries such as tanning and sunburning. It is estimated that 80% of sun damage occurs before the age of 18 years. This relates to excessive tanning, blistering sunburns, and ineffective sun protection. It has been demonstrated that children can be taught to protect themselves from the sun. However, teaching of sun protection needs to begin at an early age. Such education requires that parents enforce protection in the household and through their actions in sunny situations. It has become apparent from the literature in the United States that we have made strides in sun education, but we have not yet instituted an effective nationwide education plan. This article reviews the data we have in the United States on sun protection, with a focus toward helping to design better education programs for the future. Based on the literature, it would seem that sun education should combine teaching mothers about sun protection in the nursery and teaching schools how to educate youngsters on the need for sun protection, beginning in nursery school. Improvements in education will have a latency of many years for reducing skin cancer incidence but will be an excellent investment in the future cutaneous health of today's children.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed2003

Problem pets.

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Animals↗
PubMed2002

Halo scalp ring: a case series and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Halo scalp ring is an uncommonly reported alopecia of the scalp that arises perinatally. OBJECTIVES: To describe 5 new cases of halo scalp ring, and to review the literature. SETTING: An outpatient dermatology clinic in an urban area; patients diagnosed in a 2-year period were included in the study. RESULTS: Halo scalp ring is most commonly a temporary, nonscarring alopecia that occurs in patients born to primigravidas. CONCLUSIONS: Halo scalp ring is a distinctive form of alopecia attributed to caput succedaneum. It is underreported and generally has a good prognosis. However, scarring may occur.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2002

Neurocutaneous disorders.

"Neurocutaneous disorders" is a catch-all phrase that includes all disorders involving both the nervous systems and the skin. These may range from disorders in which cutaneous findings are essential to diagnosis to those with less significant involvement of the skin. Because of the variety of disorders that involve the skin and the nervous system, this article reviews a few of the more essential diagnoses, and those with recent advancements in diagnosis and management. Many of these diseases are single gene disorders, for which the genes have been discovered in the past few years. The article is divided into sections, highlighting disorders transmitted by different inheritance pattern.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed2002

Tinea capitis: focus on African American women.

Tinea capitis is a common cutaneous fungal infection in US school children, but adults may be carriers of tinea pathogens in the scalp. However, few cases of actual tinea capitis in adults have been reported in the literature. A retrospective analysis of all adult patients with positive scalp fungal cultures from June 1997 to March 2000 were reviewed. Seventy-nine cases of tinea capitis were identified. Nine (11.4%) were adults, 7 of whom were African American women, who were an average of 46 years old (range, 25 to 64 years). Three of these patients had prior exposure to a child with tinea capitis. These results suggest that tinea capitis affects adult African Americans, particularly women. Widespread scalp culture is indicated for papulosquamous disease and alopecia in this segment of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The middle ground.

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Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nickel contact hypersensitivity in children.

Nickel allergic contact dermatitis is the most prevalent allergy in North America, with an incidence of 14.3%. It is on the rise from 10 years ago, when the incidence was 10%. This has been presumed to represent an increased exposure to nickel in the environment-especially in costume jewelry and belt buckles. We examined a group of 30 pediatric patients who had either a personal history of umbilical or wrist dermatitis, or a family history of nickel allergic contact dermatitis. All of these patients had a positive patch test to nickel sulfate 5%. Moreover, 50% of patients had an id reaction; all of these patients had positive patch tests that were papular in nature, similar to their papular id reaction. We posit that the presence of a positive family history may be a positive predictor of nickel allergic contact dermatitis, requiring nickel avoidance, especially in atopic children. Based on the high level of positive reactions in patients with umbilical dermatitis and an id reaction, patch testing to nickel in these patients is most likely to yield a useful result. Knowledge of reactivity to nickel would then allow parents and patients to initiate nickel avoidance earlier in life.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lichen planus in the lines of Blaschko.

We describe three adolescents with eruptive linear lesions of the back, abdomen, and extremities distributed along the lines of Blaschko. Clinically one of these lesions resembled an epidermal nevus in its morphology and distribution. A biopsy specimen demonstrated the typical histology of lichen planus (LP). There have been fewer than 20 reported cases of childhood linear LP. Our patients demonstrate that linear LP sometimes may closely resemble an epidermal nevus and may auger the onset of more generalized LP or more involvement along the lines of Blaschko, that is, "Blaschkoian" disease. Previous studies have referred to this variant as zosteriform. Our cases are the fourth, fifth, and sixth cases of childhood LP reported to occur along the lines of Blaschko. Based on the clinical findings in our patients and a review of the English-language literature, we believe that linear LP is usually distributed along the lines of Blaschko and should be renamed lichen planus, Blaschko subtype.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erythema dyschromicum perstans in prepubertal children.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a rare disorder of pigmentation that is most common in Hispanic patients. In adults, EDP has a slow onset and is unlikely to resolve spontaneously. The etiology and clinical course in children is poorly defined. Physical examinations, chart reviews, and telephone interviews were performed for eight pediatric patients with EDP who were followed at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago between 1990 and 1998. All the patients available for long-term follow-up (five of the eight) experienced complete clearance without recurrence in an average of 2.5 years. In all of our patients, the onset was noted from July to December. The administration of aminopenicillins was coincident with the development of EDP in two of the patients. Review of the English-language literature reveals that 25 prepubertal children have previously been reported. Including our patients, 69% of prepubertal children with EDP experienced resolution. We concluded that the clinical course of childhood (prepubertal) EDP differs from that of adult EDP, and it is more likely to resolve within 2-3 years.

Age of Onset↗