Biomedical subjects

Namik Delibas

Publications and source records attributed to Namik Delibas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro.

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPI) in agriculture and public health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate how an OPI, diazinon, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vitro. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the effects of various concentrations of diazinon on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each diazinon concentration was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte samples at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. In experiment 2, in order to determine the direct effect of diazinon on the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, the erythrocytes were haemolysed and incubated with the various concentrations of diazinon at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. In experiment 1, MDA levels and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased with increasing diazinon concentration and incubation period, but CAT activity remained unchanged. In experiment 2, SOD activity was significantly decreased, and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased. From these results, it can be concluded that in vitro administration of diazinon results in the induction of erythrocyte LPO and changes the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the toxic effects of diazinon.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Cardiotoxicity in rats induced by methidathion and ameliorating effect of vitamins E and C.

We have examined the effect of subchronic methidathion (MD) administration on heart damage, and have evaluated possible ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity. The experimental groups were: control group, rats treated with 5 mg/kg MD and rats treated with 5 mg/kg body weight MD plus vitamin E and vitamin C (MD+Vit). The groups were given MD by gavage 5 days a week for four weeks at a dose level of 5 mg/kg/day (MD and MD+Vit) by using corn oil as the vehicle. Vitamin E and vitamin C were injected at doses of 50 mg/kg i.m. and 20 mg/kg i.p., respectively, after the treatment with MD in the MD+ Vit group. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the heart tissue, and the levels of cardiac troponin I (TnI) in serum. An autoanalyser was used to determine the serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE). Histopathological examination was carried out in the heart tissue. MDA significantly increased in the MD group as compared to controls (P <0.01). When MD was given concurrently with vitamins E and C, the increase in MDA was significantly less (P <0.01). ChE activity significantly decreased in the MD group as compared to controls (P <0.01). When MD was given concurrently with vitamins E and C, the decrease in ChE activity was significantly higher (P <0.05). The serum TnI levels significantly increased in the MD group as compared to controls (P <0.01). When MD was given concurrently with vitamins E and C, the increase in the serum TnI was significantly less (P <0.01). MD caused the diffuse loss of striation and myocytolysis of the cardiomyocytes, whereas the combination of vitamins E and C caused a significant decrease in these effects of MD. In conclusion, subchronic MD administration caused heart damage and, in addition, treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C after the administration of MD reduced heart damage caused by MD.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Lung injury after aortic occlusion-reperfusion in rats: the role of gadolinium chloride.

Aortic ischemia-reperfusion (AIR) induced lung injury has already been documented. Kupffer cell blockage (KCB) with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) has also been shown to attenuate remote organ damage caused by ischemia reperfusion. The present study was designed to examine the effect of GdCl3 in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by aortic occlusion. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to four groups as follows: SHAM (Sham Laparotomy), SHAM+KCB, AIR, and AIR+KCB. An atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed across the infrarenal abdominal aorta just after its origin from the aorta for 30 minutes. The microvascular clamp on the infrarenal abdominal aorta was removed and reperfused for 60 minutes. GdCl3 was given 24 hours prior to the experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed in lung tissues. MDA level and MPO activity in the AIR group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. When compared to AIR group, KCB with GdCl3 significantly decreased MDA level and MPO activity in the AIR+KCB group. These results suggest that GdCl3 attenuates the lung injury caused by AIR. The effects of GdCl3 on reduced lung damage may be mediated through significant decreases in both MDA level and MPO activity.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with chronic fasciolosis.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases and autoantibodies in patients with chronic fasciolosis (CF) was investigated. METHODS: Thyroid function of 32 patients with CF and 72 patients without fasciolosis infection was evaluated biochemically. Thyroid hormones, antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured. RESULTS: In patients with CF, the prevalences of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin were 21.9% (7/32) and 15.6% (5/32) respectively. However, thyroid function disorder was identified in only 3 (9.4%) cases. In the control group, TPOAb and TgAb were determined in 2 (2.7%) cases, but no one had thyroid function disorder. The prevalences of thyroid autoantibodies (chi 2: 7.948, p < 0.01) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (chi 2: 4.007, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the CF group. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of TPOAb and TgAb in CF suggests that patients with CF should be evaluated for autoimmune thyroid disorders at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up period.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentration in rat hippocampus.

The effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and on the concentration of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits 2A and 2B in the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 2h/day for a period of 4 weeks was determined. It was observed that NMDAR 2A and 2B concentrations in the hippocampus were enhanced in the case of animals exposed to cigarette smoke, whereas lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities did not show any change as compared to control animals. The results of our study suggest that cigarette smoke induces NMDAR 2A and 2B expression in the hippocampus, and that this is not due to an increased lipid peroxidation, because cigarette smoke has no effect on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the hippocampus.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Splenectomy attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been documented. Kupffer cell blockage with gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) has been shown to attenuate IIR-induced ALI. However, the effects of splenic monocytes/macrophages on IIR-induced ALI has not been studied previously. In the current study, the authors aimed to investigate the role of splenectomy in IIR-induced ALI. METHODS: Forty-eight rats were divided randomly into 6 groups as follows: SHAM, SHAM + KCB, SHAM + SPLN, IIR, IIR + KCB, IIR + SPLN. Two hours of ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion has been applied by clipping the SMA. GdCl3 was given 24 hours before experiment. Splenectomy was done just before SMA clipping. Lung levels of tumor necrosis-factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed biochemically. Lung leukosequestration was determined by counting PMNLs histologically. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were done; P values less than.003 were considered significant. RESULTS: Polimorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) counts and biochemical parameters in the IIR group were significantly higher than the other groups (P <.003). When compared with IIR group, PMNL counts and biochemical parameters were significantly decreased in the IIR+KCB and IIR+SPLN groups, respectively (P <.003). However, they were still significantly higher than their sham-operated controls (P <.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study documents that splenectomy attenuates ALI as well as Kupffer cell blockage. Spleen, an important component of mononuclear phagocytic system as liver Kupffer cells, might play an important role in the IIR-induced ALI.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

The biochemical analysis of tympanosclerotic plaques.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a biochemical analysis of tympanosclerotic (TS) plaques. METHODS: Forty-five samples containing TS plaques were obtained from 45 patients. Qualitative and quantitative biochemical analyses were performed. TS plaques were evaluated macroscopically in respect to color and structure. RESULTS: Phosphate, calcium, ammonium, and cholesterol were detected in 44, 43, 35, and 7 samples, respectively. Mean calcium and phosphate levels and protein levels of samples were 2.5 +/- 2.6 mg/100 mg tissue, 0.16 +/- 0.11 mg, and 3.4 +/- 3.4 mg, respectively. TS plaques were dirty white in 20 samples, brunette in 13, yellowish in 4, white in 7, and brown in 1. The structure of TS plaques was hard in consistency in 23 samples, fibrous in 14 samples, and soft in 8 samples. CONCLUSION: The wider range of values and different mineral contents in our series might be explained by the fact that we had a much larger variety of tissues in various stages of the TS process. The color and the consistency of TS plaques are due to the discrepancy in their content and the amount of mineral, cholesterol, and protein.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

The effects of unilateral testicular ischemia and hemicastration on contralateral testicular IGF-1 level, histology and lipid peroxidation.

Hemicastration is followed by compansatory hypertrophy whereas unilateral testicular torsion is followed by atrophy in contralateral testicle in rats. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) has important roles in testicular paracrine and autocrine functions. In this study it was aimed to compare ischemic parameters and IGF-1 levels in the contralateral testicle in unilateral spermatic cord ligation, testicular torsion, and hemicastratron. 32 wistar rats were equally altocated into sham, ligation, torsion, and hemicastration groups. In ligation group, right spermatic cord was ligated with 3/0 silk suture. In the torsion group, right testis was tcrsed for 720 degrees. In hemicastration group, right orchiectomy was done. 48 hours later left orchiectomy was done in all groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and IGF-1 levels were determined in the testicle. Average values of the groups were compared with Anova followed by Dunnett T3 multiple comparison tests. MDA levels were significantly reduced in ligation and torsion groups (p < 0.05). This reduction was more prominent in hemicastration group (p < 0.05). Contralateral testicular IGF-1 levels in ligation and torsion groups were not different compared with the sham group. Left testicular IGF-1 level in the hemicastration group was decreased significantly compared with other groups (p < 0.05). Histological. changes evaluated. Contralateral Johnsen's testicular biopsy scores were significantly decreased in all experimental groups but mean tubular diameter was not changed in all groups.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in generalized vitiligo.

Oxidative stress may be induced by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other free radicals. The generation of ROS is known to be associated with a decrease in antioxidant levels. In the present study, the role of oxidative stress was assessed in the pathogenesis of generalized vitiligo. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione (GSH) levels in erythrocytes and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were investigated in 24 patients with generalized vitiligo and 20 healthy controls. Our results indicated that significantly increased levels of erythrocyte SOD, serum MDA, and NO were associated with a marked reduction of erythrocyte GSH-Px and GSH activities in patients with generalized vitiligo (p<0.05). Our observations suggest that the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system might play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Our results further support the concept that free radical-mediated damage may be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration in generalized vitiligo.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita L. and Mentha spicata L. on kidney tissue in rats.

Peppermint plants have been used as a herbal medicine for many conditions, including loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea, vomiting and indigestion. This study is aimed at investigating the biochemical and histological effects of Mentha piperita L., growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta City, and Mentha spicata L., growing on the Anamas high plateau of Isparta City, on rat kidney tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Animals were divided into four experimental groups, each with 12 rats, as follows: control group (group I); 20 g/L M. piperita tea (group II); 20 g/L M. spicata tea (group III); 40 g/L M. spicata tea (group IV). The control group rats were given commercial drinking water (Hayat DANONESA water). The tea for the other groups was prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Plasma urea and creatinine levels were determined, and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in the homogenates of kidney tissue. The levels of plasma urea and creatinine were increased significantly (P < 0.0033) in groups III and IV when compared with group I. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased significantly (P < 0.0033) in group IV when compared with group I. The activities of CAT were decreased significantly in groups III and IV (P < 0.033, P < 0.0033, respectively) when compared with group I. TBARS levels were increased significantly (P < 0.0033) in groups III and IV when compared with group I. In groups II, III and IV, hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, the epithelial cells with picnotic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, tubular dilatation and enlargements in Bowman capsules were observed histologically. However, in group II histopathological changes were more slight than in groups III and IV. In group IV, in addition to these changes, extremely hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelial cells, some atrophic tubules and glomerules, and focal mononuclear cell infiltrations in the kidney tissues of the rats were observed. In conclusion, the results indicate that M. piperita does not show nephrotoxicity but M. spicata presents markedly nephrotoxic changes in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Ochratoxin A reduces NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentrations in rat hippocampus: partial protective effect of melatonin.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi. Many foods can be contaminated by OTA, which is consequently found in the blood of humans and animals. It is known that OTA accumulates in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OTA on the brain. For this purpose, the effect of OTA on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits 2A (NR2A) and 2B (NR2B) in the hippocampus and the protective effect of melatonin were investigated. Three groups of eight rats were used: controls, OTA-treated rats (OTA dose 289 microg/kg per day) and OTA+melatonin-treated rats (melatonin dose 10 mg/kg per day). After four weeks of treatment, electrophoretic examinations were performed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting of hippocampal homogenates of the different groups. The concentrations of NR2A and NR2B in the OTA group were significantly lower than in the control group. The concentration of NR2B was significantly increased when melatonin was co-administered with OTA compared with OTA only. There was also a significant increase in NR2A levels when melatonin was co-administered with OTA. As a result, subchronic administration of OTA reduced hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentrations in rats. It was thought that this alteration might affect cognitive functions because hippocampal NMDA receptors are involved in the memory and learning processes. Melatonin exhibited a partially protective effect on NR2A and NR2B against OTA.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Serum iron, zinc and copper levels and lipid peroxidation in children with chronic giardiasis.

This study investigated the levels of iron, zinc, and copper and their demolishing effects against lipid peroxidation in chronic giardiasis. Serum iron, zinc and copper levels, erythrocyte cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in 34 children with chronic giardiasis and were compared with controls. The serum iron and zinc levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were significantly lower, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher among the children with chronic giardiasis compared to the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in copper levels between the two groups (p > 0.05). Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance may tilt towards the oxidative side due to weakness of the antioxidant system in giardiasis. If early and proper treatment is not performed, free radical-mediated damage might occur in children with chronic giardiasis.

Child↗

PubMed2002

The effects of methidathion on lipid peroxidation and some liver enzymes: role of vitamins E and C.

Methidathion (MD) [ O, O-dimethyl S-(2,3-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate] is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) in agriculture and public health programmes. We have, therefore, examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of MD on the serum activities of cholinesterase (ChE), enzymes concerning liver damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO; only in vivo), and have evaluated the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity. The in vivo experimental groups were: control group, MD-treated group (MD), and a group treated with MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C (MD+Vit). The MD and MD+Vit groups were treated orally with a single dose of 8 mg MD/kg body weight at 0 h. Vitamin E and vitamin C were injected at doses of 150 mg/kg body weight i.m. and 200 mg/kg body weight i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment with MD in the MD+Vit group. Blood samples were taken 24 h after the MD administration. For in vitro study, venous blood samples were obtained from volunteers, and serum recovered. The activities of serum enzymes were determined in each sample and these served as 0 h values. Each sample was divided into four portions, each of which served as one of the experimental groups, as follows: control group, vitamin E plus vitamin C group (Vit), MD-treated group (MD) and MD plus vitamin E plus vitamin C group (MD+Vit). Vitamin E and vitamin C were added at doses of 7.5 and 10 micro g/ml, respectively, into the Vit and MD+Vit groups. MD was added at doses of 0.4 mg/ml into the MD and MD+Vit groups. The activities of serum enzymes were determined in each sample at 24 h. The results of the in vivo experiment demonstrated that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in the MD group compared with the control group, and decreased in the MD+Vit group compared with MD group. ChE activity was decreased in both MD and MD+Vit groups compared with controls and increased in the MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were increased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with the control group. AST activity was decreased in MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was decreased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with control group. The results of in vitro experiment showed that all enzyme activities remained unchanged in both the control and Vit groups compared with values at 0 h. The activities of ChE, ALT and LDH were decreased in both the MD and MD+Vit groups compared with 0 h values. There was no significant difference between the MD and MD+Vit groups. The activities of AST, ALP and GGT remained unchanged in all groups. From these results, it can be concluded that MD caused liver damage, and LPO may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in MD-induced toxicity. Single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C after the administration of MD can reduce LPO caused by MD.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Clinical importance of erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels as a marker for cognitive deterioration in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type: a repeated study in 5-year interval.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of aging and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities. DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with DAT were included in the present study. Group I: 26 patients diagnosed as DAT and studied 5 yr ago. Group II: This group consisted of the same patients as Group I at the present time. Activities of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations of these 26 subjects were measured and mini mental state examination (MMSE), brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) were applied. RESULTS: The results revealed that 26 dementia patients had worsened cognitive symptoms and significantly increased CuZn SOD and MDA levels and decreased GSH-Px levels after 5 yr. Significant correlation was found between age and CuZn SOD (r: +0.406, p: 0.034), and between MMSE and MDA (r: -0.411, p: 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that MDA, CuZn SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly affected in the patients with Alzheimer disease. The most striking finding of this study is the significant correlation between MMSE and MDA in patients with DAT.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes of patients with iron deficiency anemia: effects of different treatment modalities.

AIM: To test whether the activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) can be affected by oral iron (OI) treatment, parenteral iron (PI) treatment, and parenteral iron treatment with vitamin E supplementation (PIE) in iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with iron deficiency anemia and 18 healthy controls were included in the study. Anemic patients were systematically allocated into 3 treatment groups. The first group (n=8) received OI, the second group (n=10) PI, and the third group (n=10) PIE. SOD and GSH-Px activities were determined using commercial kits. RESULTS: Before the treatment, SOD activity was significantly lower in anemic patients than in the control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.05). After the treatment, SOD activity significantly increased in all three patient groups and reached the values found in the control group (Wicoxon signed-rank test, p=0.017 for OI, p=0.047 for PI, and p=0.037 for PIE group). Before the treatment, GSH-Px activities in anemic patients were similar to that of control group (Kruskal-Wallis test, p>0.05). Although there was no significant decrease in GSH-Px activity after OI treatment, both PI and PIE treatments significantly decreased GSH-Px activity (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p=0.007 for PI and p=0.005 for PIE). PIE was more effective than PI treatment in maintaining GSH-PX activity. CONCLUSION: Oral iron treatment improved the iron deficiency anemia and recovered antioxidant defense system by increasing SOD activity and maintaining GSH-Px activity at normal level. When parenteral iron treatment is inevitable, vitamin E supplementation together with PI treatment may be effective in partially restoring the antioxidant status in this type of anemia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, melatonin, iron, copper, and zinc blood concentrations in patients with Alzheimer disease: cross-sectional study.

AIM: To investigate the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients with Alzheimer type dementia. METHOD: Serum melatonin, Zn, Cu, Fe, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in patients with Alzheimer disease. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were obtained for the patients and their age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: MMSE score was 16.81.3 in patients with Alzheimer disease, and 28.22.4 in control group. Melatonin levels were lower in the Alzheimer disease group (170.55.2 pg/mL) than in the control group (205.25.8 pg/mL) (p<0.001). Fe, SOD, and MDA levels were higher in Alzheimer disease group (131.74.8 microg/dL, 1,51090 U/g Hb, and 38.14.7 nmol/mL; respectively) than in the control group (97.14.1 microg/dL, 1,12050 U/g Hb, and 17.21.6 nmol/mL; respectively) (p<0.001 for all comparisons). A statistically significant negative correlation between melatonin and SOD (r=-0.421, p=0.014) and a positive correlation between age and Fe (r=0.325, p=0.049) were found only in the Alzheimer disease group. Correlation between age and melatonin was positive (r=0.481, p=0.006) in Alzheimer disease group and negative (r=-0.472, p=0.009) in the control group. CONCLUSION: Melatonin blood concentration was significantly decreased, and Fe and MDA levels were increased in the patients with Alzheimer disease. We believe that low level of melatonin, especially if there is a simultaneous increase in Fe level, is associated with the development of Alzheimer disease.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Effect of functional pinealectomy on hippocampal lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B in young and old rats.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of pinealectomy on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentrations in hippocampus. DESIGN: Forty-eight male Wistar-albino rats were used. SETTINGS: Animals were divided into three groups: 24 h dark throughout the study (highest melatonin release), 24 h light exposure (light-induced functional pinealectomy) and 12 h light/12 h dark exposure (control group). Thereafter, each group was divided into two groups as young and old animals. RESULTS: There was an increase in NR2A and NR2B concentration in DY group compared to all other treatments. CuZn and Mn SOD activities were found to be increased in CO compared to CY group. Continual light exposure for 4 weeks did not change neural CuZn and Mn SOD activities. In old rats, light exposure reduced the activities of both CuZn and Mn SOD relative to those in the young animals. In addition, CuZn and Mn SOD activities were higher in dark exposed rats than in those in the continual light exposed or LD 12:12 rats. GSH-Px activity was found elevated in the DY rats compared to the CY groups. MDA levels were significantly higher in the CO than in the CY group. CONCLUSIONS: NR2A and NR2B receptor concentrations in hippocampus of the rats maintained in dark showed significant increases compared to the control and functional pinealectomy groups but there was no significant increase in lipid peroxidation.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

Seprafilm reduces adhesions to polypropylene mesh and increases peritoneal hydroxyproline.

Polypropylene mesh is an effective and widely used material in repairing abdominal wall defects, but it causes dense adhesions when in contact with abdominal viscera directly. As a consequence of this process intestinal obstruction and enterocutaneous fistula may develop. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether Seprafilm, a bioresorbable translucent membrane, reduces abdominal visceral adhesions to polypropylene mesh and whether Seprafilm has any effects on peritoneal tissue hydroxyproline levels. Twenty-six adult Wistar rats were used. A full-thickness abdominal wall defect was created and cecal abrasions were created to induce adhesion formation in each animal. All of the abdominal defects were repaired with polypropylene mesh. In addition a Seprafilm membrane was laid over the abdominal viscera in the Seprafilm group (n = 13). The abdominal cavity was evaluated for adhesion formation, and peritoneal biopsies were taken for the measurement of tissue hydroxyproline levels at the 14th day. The use of Seprafilm resulted in significant reduction in the adhesion formation (P = 0.002) and a significant increase in peritoneal hydroxyproline level (P < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that the increase of peritoneal hydroxyproline levels caused by Seprafilm might play a role on the antiadhesive effects of Seprafilm.

Abdominal Muscles↗