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Biomedical subjects

N Yasuda

Publications and source records attributed to N Yasuda.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Chemical studies of Chinese licorice-roots. I. Elucidation of five new flavonoid constituents from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. collected in Xinjiang.

From the air-dried roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Leguminosae) collected in Xinjiang province, China ("Shinkyo-Kanzo" in Japanese), five new flavonoid compounds named glucoliquiritin apioside (1) (a flavonone bisdesmoside), prenyllicoflavone A (5) (a bisprenylflavone), shinflavone (7) (a prenylated pyranoflavanone), shinpterocarpin (9) and 1-methoxyphaseollin (12) (both pyranopterocarpans), were isolated together with eight known saponins, seven known flavonoid glycosides, and eleven flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds have been elucidated on the basis of their chemical and physicochemical properties.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1994

Helminth survey of wildcats in Japan.

Two Iriomote cats (Felis iriomotensis) and 2 Tsushima leopard cats (Felis bengalensis euptilura) killed probably by traffic accidents were submitted to the helminthological examination. In Iriomote cats, 8 species of parasites (Spirometra erinacei, Toxocara cati, Molineus springsmithi, Uncinaria maya, Capillaria aerophila, C. felis-cati, larvae of an unidentifiable lung worm and one species of Acanthocephala) were found. In Tsushima leopard cats, 10 species of parasites (Pharyngostomum cordatum, Spirometra erinacei, Toxocara cati, Molineus springsmithi, Arthrostoma hunanensis, Uncinaria felidis, Capillaria felis-cati, larvae of an unidentifiable lung worm, and two species of Acanthocephala) were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Changes of serum amylase, its isozyme fractions and amylase-creatinine clearance ratio in dogs with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis.

To investigate the diagnostic application of amylase to canine pancreatic diseases, serum amylase activities, its isozyme fractions and amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) were analyzed in normal intact dogs and dogs experimentally induced acute pancreatitis. There was no statistic difference between normal male and female dogs. Amylase specific activities in pancreatic tissue extracts were more than 2,300 times higher than that in serum, and were also higher than those in other tissues; parotid and mandibular salivary glands, lung, heart, liver, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and kidney. Following the chloroform injection into the pancreatic tissue, WBC increased from 6 to 240 hr and serum glucose significantly increased at 72 and 96 hr, and no urine glucose was detected. BUN as well as serum and urine creatinine showed normal levels. ACCR increased until 96 hr without statistic significance. Serum amylase activities increased significantly after 3 hr and its isozyme was separated into 4 fractions (Amy1-Amy4) in contrast to 3 fractions (Amy2-Amy4) in intact dogs. Since this extra Amy1 seen from 1 hr increasing after 6 hr similarly to other 3 fractions, the evaluation of serum amylase and its isozyme fractions was indicated to be useful for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Ionizing radiation and genetic risks. V. Multifactorial diseases: a review of epidemiological and genetic aspects of congenital abnormalities in man and of models on maintenance of quantitative traits in populations.

This paper discusses (a) data on the epidemiological and etiological aspects of human congenital abnormalities, (b) the multifactorial threshold model and other models which have been proposed to explain their inheritance patterns and recurrence risks in families and (c) current concepts on mechanisms on the prevalence of heritable variation for quantitative traits in populations. Congenital abnormalities, which afflict an estimated 6% of all live births, are etiologically heterogeneous. The majority of these do not follow Mendelian transmission patterns, but do 'run' in families. The multifactorial threshold model is an extension of genetic principles developed for quantitative traits to all-or-none traits; in its simplest formulation, it assumes the existence in the population of an underlying normally distributed 'liability' (which is due to numerous genetic and environmental factors acting additively, each contributing a small amount of liability) and of a 'threshold' beyond which the individual is affected. For most congenital abnormalities, the nature of these factors remains unknown. Other models assume fewer causal factors although, again, these remain to be identified. The question of how considerable heritable variation for most quantitative/polygenic traits has come to exist is a long-standing one in evolutionary population genetics. Models postulating that its existence is consistent with a balance between recurrent mutation and stabilizing selection or suggesting the possible operation of other mechanisms have been published in the literature. In the absence of knowledge on mechanisms responsible for the stable prevalences of congenital abnormalities or other multifactorial conditions in the population (but which is required to predict the consequences of an increase in mutation rate on their prevalences) it is necessary (a) to adapt and use concepts derived from quantitative and evolutionary population genetics and (b) to examine how sensitive the predictions are to the assumptions used, and how consistent they are with biological realities.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1994

[Inhibitory effects of OK-432 administered orally on colon carcinoma induced by DMH in rats].

Inhibitory effects of OK-432 administered orally on DMH-induced colon tumors in rats were examined. As for the immunological parameter, NK activity was measured. ODC activity and nuclear DNA ploidy pattern of the tumor involved areas were evaluated and the histological examination was done in the process of the occurrence of tumors. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; control group, OK-432 group, DMH group and DMH+OH-432 group. As for the appearance of DMH induced colon tumors, the average numbers of tumors per rat in the DMH+OK-432 group were inhibited significantly compared with those in the DMH group, and the rate of cancer in situ in the DMH+OK-432 group significantly increased compared with that in the DMH group. NK activity of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes in the colon was increased after the oral administration of OK-432, but it was decreased following the peak activity, and it was lower level than that of the control group. An appropriate oral administration of OK-432 may be effective against chemically induced carcinoma of the colon.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1994

[B-lymphoma arising in the temporal muscle].

B cell lymphoma arising in skeletal muscle is described with the review of literature. A 72-year-old man visited our hospital on September 21st 1992, because of a right temporal mass which had grown gradually since one year previously. A CT scan and MRI showed a soft tissue mass adjacent to the temporal muscle expanding from the right temporal to infratemporal fossa. Physical examination on admission revealed that the mass at the right temporal region, was non-tender, elastic soft, and 5 x 2 cm in diameter. Some elastic hard masses at the right infraauricular region, approximately 1.5 x 1.2 cm in diameter, were also found. Histological examination of a biopsied specimen obtained from the temporal mass revealed B cell lymphoma, diffuse medium-sized cell type. Tests for surface markers using tumor cell suspension showed positive results for CD5, CD19, CD20, SmIg mu, delta, lambda, but negative for CD10. Chromosomal analysis revealed clonal aberrations, and the defining karyotype as 51, X, +X, -Y, +2, +3, +4, +8, +12. The patient achieved a complete remission after treatment with combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etoposide, vindesine, procarbazine, and prednisolone.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Broncholithiasis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship of AIDS-related knowledge with attitudes of nursing students toward HIV-infected persons].

The relationship of AIDS-related knowledge of nursing students to their attitude toward HIV-infected persons was examined, and the effect of a 90-minute educational seminar on their knowledge and attitudes was evaluated. A survey of 72 nursing students was performed in Kochi prefecture in October, 1992 using a questionnaire. Eighty-six mothers whose children received medical examinations at the health center of the surveyed area during the same period functioned as the control group. Although the students had more knowledge about HIV/AIDS, their attitudes toward HIV-infected persons were no more positive than those of the control group. However the higher their level of knowledge was, the more positive their attitudes toward people with AIDS were. Two items of knowledge: symptoms of infection and safety in sharing utensils appeared to be related to positive attitudes. Those students who thought that "the number of HIV-infected persons will rapidly increase" tended to respond that "they are worried about getting AIDS in the future"; "they will not change their attitudes to their HIV-infected friends"; and "the persons who got AIDS through coagulation factor products should be supported." The results also show that a seminar about HIV/AIDS that provides information in a short period of time is effective in reducing prejudice and improving attitudes toward HIV-infected persons.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[A reevaluation of the criteria for initiating medical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

In Japan some registered tuberculosis (TB) patients have had medical treatment initiated for the purpose of preventing development of inactive TB into active stages, or due to differential diagnosis. A reevaluation of the necessity of commencing medical treatment was performed on 91 TB patients to elucidate the special characteristics of TB patients who do not necessarily need medical treatment. The results are as follows: 1) Among the 91 patients, 67 patients were judged to be 'confirmed cases', while 24 patients were judged to be 'suspect cases', with either inactive TB or possibly without TB. 2) The rates of 'suspect cases' were higher in the tubercle bacillus negative groups as well as the X-ray mild cases compared to the tubercle bacillus positive cases and X-ray severe cases. 3) The patient's self-diagnosed symptoms proved to be useful in evaluating the TB patient's severity. It is thought that this information should be used to judge the necessity of commencing medical treatment in TB patients.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

[Experience of fluconazole granules and injection in pediatric patients].

Fluconazole (FLCZ) is an antifungal agent of triazole class and has been proven to be effective against deep-seated mycosis caused by Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. This time, as we had an opportunity to use fluconazole granules, a new dosage form of the agent, we investigated its efficacy and safety in children with deep-seated mycosis together with the efficacy of the injectable form of the agent. FLCZ was administered to 6 patients with fungal infections for treatment and 5 compromised hosts with a high risk of fungal infections for evaluation of its prophylactic effect. The patients enrolled in the study were 11 in total, of whom 6 patients were evaluated for efficacy: fungal phlegmon in 2, esophageal candidiasis in 2, fungal bronchitis in 1 and oral mycosis in 1. Causative fungi for those infections were Candida albicans in 4 patients, Aspergillus, fumigatus in 1 and Aspergillus flavus in 1. The clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 patients and good in 3. The mycological efficacies were rated as eradicated in 5 patients and reduced in 1. In 5 patients to whom FLCZ was given prophylactically, development of neither fungal infection nor unknown fever was noted. No side effects nor clinical laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment with either granules or injection, indicative of its safety in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[DNA heterogeneity in oral cavity and hypopharyngeal carcinoma].

The study was carried out on 18 cases of oral cavity carcinoma and 12 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma to assess the degree of intratumoral heterogeneity and the relation to tumor size, lymph metastasis and histological type. In oral cavity carcinoma, 6 cases (33%) were aneuploid, while in hypopharyngeal carcinoma all were aneuploid. DNA heterogeneity was identified in 4 cases (22%) in oral cavity carcinoma, end in 6 cases (50%) of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. No correlation was found between DNA heterogeneity and tumor size, lymph metastasis and histological type. However, even early carcinomas have intratumoral DNA heterogeneity. It was supposed that the result which hypopharyngeal carcinoma had higher degree of aneuploid and DNA heterogeneity comparing with oral cavity carcinoma supported that hypopharyngeal carcinoma had higher clinical malignancy from the aspect of proliferative movement. The data indicate that it is impossible to analyze correct DNA content by only one specimen and it is important to investigate intratumoral DNA heterogeneity to research the mechanism of multiplicity and clinical malignancy of carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

In vitro characterization of lung cancers by the use of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of tissue extracts and discriminant factor analysis.

Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) spectra were obtained in vitro from extracts of four types of lung cancer (squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell, small cell) and normal lung. The hydrophilic phase of the chloroform/methanol-water extracts yielded several distinct peaks. Among them the peak areas for cholines, creatines, glycine, and alanine, and their ratios were calculated and used as parameters to characterize different lung tissues. The ratios, cholines/alanine and glycine/alanine, were significantly (P < 0.001 to P < 0.05) higher for the normal lung than lung cancers. Creatines/glycine and creatines/cholines generally provided good discrimination (P < 0.001 to P < 0.05) between any two types of lung cancer. When data were further analyzed by discriminant factor analysis, there was 81.5 to 90.7% accuracy in predicting between normal lung and each cancer type, or among the four types of lung cancer. These results suggested that 1H MRS might be useful as an adjunct modality in the differential diagnosis of lung cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Portal vein infusion of cancer chemotherapeutic agent emulsified with Lipiodol in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy in rats.

Portal vein infusion of aclarubicin (ACR) emulsified with Lipiodol (LP) in regenerating liver after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats was evaluated for its safety and usefulness. DNA synthesis in regenerating liver was transiently suppressed by LP, ACR or LP+ACR, but no obvious inhibition was seen in aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and liver weights. LP significantly enhanced hepatic tissue levels of ACR and its active metabolites by long-term retention in the sinusoidal space. This study demonstrates that in rats LP has a powerful effect on the long-term retention of anticancer agents in the sinusoidal space after infusion into the portal vein, without aggravating hepatic damage by anticancer agents.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1993

Immunoglobulin variable region sequences of two human monoclonal antibodies directed to an onco-developmental carbohydrate antigen, lactotetraosylceramide (LcOse4Cer).

A human monoclonal antibody, 11-50, was generated and was shown to recognize an onco-developmental carbohydrate antigen, LcOse4Cer. The isotype of this antibody was IgM, lambda, similar to the previously known human anti-LcOse4 antibodies, such as IgMWOO and HMST-1. We raised a murine anti-idiotypic antibody G3 (IgG1, kappa) against 11-50, and tested its reactivity towards the affinity purified human polyclonal anti-LcOse4 antibodies prepared from pooled human sera using a Gal beta 1-->3GlcNAc beta-immobilized column. The results indicated that at least a part of the human polyclonal anti-LcOse4 antibodies shared the G3 idiotype with 11-50. We further analyzed the sequence of variable regions of the two anti-LcOse4 antibodies, 11-50 and HMST-1. Sequence analysis of the heavy chain variable regions indicated that the VH regions of these two antibodies were highly homologous to each other (93.5% at the nucleic acid level), and these antibodies utilized the germline genes VH1.9III and hv3005f3 as the VH segments, which are closely related germline genes of the VHIII family. It was noted that these germline VH genes are frequently utilized in fetal B cells. The JH region of both antibodies was encoded by the JH4 gene. For the light chain, the V lambda segments of the two antibodies were 96.3% homologous to each other at the nucleic acid level. The V lambda segments of both antibodies showed the highest homology to the rearranged V lambda gene called V lambda II.DS among reported V lambda genes, while the exact germline V lambda genes encoding the two antibodies were not yet registered in available sequence databanks. The amino acid sequences of the J lambda segments of both antibodies were identical. These results indicate that the two human antibodies recognizing the onco-developmental carbohydrate antigen Lc4 are encoded by the same or very homologous germline genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Direct suppression by beta-mercaptoethanol of the prolactin immunoreactivity within the cultured rat adenohypophyseal cells.

Effects of beta-mercaptoethanol (ME) on the hormonal dynamics of immunoreactive prolactin (iPRL) were examined, using rat adenohypophyseal cells in primary culture. ME caused a rapid onset (within 2-9 min) of dose- and time-dependent reduction in the secretion and intracellular content of iPRL through some reversible process(es). These effects were observed under basal condition, as well as during stimulation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The minimum effective doses of ME ranged from 0.0001 to 0.01%. Higher doses caused up to 86-98% reduction of medium or intracellular contents of iPRL compared to the control treatments. When cell lysates and media collected from ME-free cultures were incubated with ME in the test tubes, however, only intracellular iPRL was reduced. Gel filtration profiles showed that ME markedly decreased monomeric form of iPRL with a concomitant increase in the higher molecular weight form(s), presumably oligomers. These results suggested that ME acted directly on the PRL molecules within the cells, causing oligomerization of iPRL via thiol-disulfide interchange. Such molecular transformation might play an important role in the physiological regulation of secretion and storage of iPRL.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical study of patients with deep-seated fungal infection associated with hematological diseases].

An assessment has been made regarding usefulness of measuring beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) as fungal serodiagnosis in 50 cases of fungal infection with hematological diseases. Further, an assessment has been made regarding relation between hematological findings and therapeutic effect by administering miconazole, an antifungal agent (MCZ: Florid, clinically to the subjects. Positivity of beta-glucan (beta-glucan > or = 10 pg/ml) was observed in 54.5% (24/44), and the effective rate of MCZ in the positive cases was 75.0% (18/24). In the cases in whom fungus was detected, beta-glucan-positive rate was 50.0% (8/16), and MCZ-effective rate in beta-glucan-positive cases was 62.5% (5/8). The total effective rate of MCZ was 80% (40/50). Side effects were observed in 3 cases, but continual administration of MCZ was possible in all of the 3 cases. By the assessment regarding the relation between hematological findings and therapeutic effect of MCZ, it was found that the effective rates in the cases who underwent a transition with neutrophil and lymphocyte counts less than 500/microliters during the period of MCZ administration were 64.7% (11/17) and 50% (5/10), respectively, and large effects were observed in the cases who underwent a transition with the neutrophil and lymphocyte counts more than 500/microliters was 86.7% (19/22) and 91.7% (22/24), respectively. These results suggested that lymphocytes rather than neutrophils had an important role in the morbidity of fungal infection. It was noteworthy that MCZ was effective for the treatment of deep seated mycosis and significant effective rate was obtained in the group of patients who had neutrophils and lymphocytes less than 500/microliters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Considerations on HAM/TSP. Rediscovering Tumaco.

Considerations are made on the role of HTLV-I in the etiopathogeny of HAM/TSP. Neuroepidemiologic data reported in the literature are revisited for this purpose. Among results of this evaluation it is pointed-out that the Okinawan Community of Brazil presents ethnographic and demographic characteristics which are ideal for designing new studies. For instance, analyses on HTLV-I and on HAM/TSP in face of the cohort of such community classified according to time and direction of the migration (Japan-Brazil and vice-versa), will ensure promising results for the understanding of etipathogeny of HAM/TSP. They can also be paths towards clarifying the simultaneous generating, of geographical foci of the disease distant one the other, as that of Tumaco and that of south Japan.

Cluster Analysis↗