Atypical follicular hyperplasia with clonal rearrangement for immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes: biclonal proliferation of B cell and T cell.
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B-Lymphocytes↗
Biomedical subjects
N Yasuda
Publications and source records attributed to N Yasuda.
Cloning and characterization of a melanin biosynthetic THR1 reductase gene essential for appressorial penetration of Colletotrichum lagenarium.
Melanin biosynthesis of Colletotrichum lagenarium is essential for appressorial penetration of the host plant. A melanin deficient mutant 9141 (Thr-) has a defect in the conversion of 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. The mutant formed nonmelanized appressoria and had little infectivity on cucumber leaves. A cosmid clone pCR1 was selected from a cosmid library of wild-type C. lagenarium by means of a heterologous probe BRM2, one of the clustered genes involved in melanin biosynthesis of Alternaria alternata. pCR1 transformed the Thr- mutant 9141 to wild-type phenotype. A DNA fragment (THR1) homologous to BRM2 was subcloned from pCR1 and the nucleotide sequence determined. THR1 contains one open reading frame that encodes a protein of 282 amino acids. A transformant resulting from gene disruption showed a light brown phenotype different from the dark brown phenotype of the wild-type 104-T. The transformant formed nonmelanized appressoria and had little infectivity. The THR1 amino acid sequence contains a region highly similar to the Ver1 gene involved in the conversion of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin in aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus parasiticus and to the T4HN reductase gene involved in the conversion of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene to scytalone and 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone in melanin biosynthesis by Magnaporthe grisea. Expression of the THR1 gene during spore germination of C. lagenarium was detected by RNA blotting. We propose that the C. lagenarium THR1 gene encodes a reductase involved in conversion of 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
In vitro contraction of the canine corpus cavernosum penis by direct perfusion with prolactin or growth hormone.
PURPOSE: It is well established that hyperprolactinemia, most typically seen in prolactinoma patients, causes hypogonadism and impotence. There seems to be a good possibility that hyperprolactinemia causes impotence, at least partially via some intrinsic property of prolactin (PRL), rather than through its suppressive effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal testosterone dynamics. In the present investigation, we used an in vitro canine model to attempt to clarify whether direct action of PRL on the corpus cavernosum penis may lead to erectile insufficiency. Growth hormone (GH) and placental lactogen (PL), both having close structural and functional homologies to PRL, were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isometric tension measurement with cavernous strips was performed in the presence or absence of 10(-5) to 10(-9) M. PRL, GH, or PL in the perfusion medium. The tension change induced by the test substances was normalized relative to that induced by 120 mEq KCl. RESULTS: Both PRL and GH produced dose-related elevations (p < 0.01) of the cavernous tension, whereas PL and thiol-cleaved PRL in comparable doses were without effect (p > 0.05). When the tension rise produced by 120 mEq KCl was taken as 100%, the maximum contractions produced by PRL and GH were 80% and 110%. The minimum effective concentration was 10(-8) to 10(-7) M. for both PRL and GH. Pretreatment with indomethacin (10(-5) M.), but not tetrodotoxin (10(-5) M., partially suppressed (p < 0.05) the effects of PRL. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PRL and GH directly and specifically produced contraction of the corpus cavernosum penis, resulting in erectile insufficiency, and that the effect of PRL is partially mediated by prostaglandin.
Animals↗
Mechanisms of veno-occlusion within and outside the canine corpus cavernosum penis using a pressure-flow technique and cavernoso-venography.
BACKGROUND: Physiological erection of the penis requires multiple mechanisms causing an increase in the arterial blood influx into, and decrease in the venous drainage out of the cavernous space. METHODS: We investigated the extent and location of the venous occlusion that occurs with penile erection within (intrinsic mechanism) and outside (extrinsic mechanism) the corpus cavernosum penis, using 15 adult male mongrel dogs. Under controlled flows produced by a combination of aortic ligation and constant infusion of saline into the corpus cavernosum penis, or into the deep dorsal vein, pressures within the cavernous space or deep dorsal vein were measured before and after electrical stimulation of the pelvic splanchnic (pelvic nerve), the hypogastric, and pudendal nerve. An increase in pressure following nerve stimulations represented an increase in outflow resistance due to occlusion of the venous system. Pre-and post-stimulation radiologic evaluations were performed to determine the site(s) of venous occlusion. RESULTS: Unilateral stimulation of the pelvic nerve caused leftward shift of the corporeal pressure-flow curve. Bilateral stimulation of the pudendal nerve caused a marked rise in deep dorsal vein pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Both intrinsic and extrinsic venous occlusion mechanisms exist and that the former is activated primarily by unilateral stimulation of the pelvic nerve and the latter by bilateral stimulation of the pudendal nerve. The occlusion site for the extrinsic mechanism was localized to where the dorsal vein penetrates the muscles at the base of the pelvis, whereas the precise site for the intrinsic mechanism could not be determined.
Animals↗
Isolation of canine parvovirus from a cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia.
Twenty-seven feline parvovirus (FPV) isolates were recovered from cats clinically diagnosed with feline panleukopenia (FPL) for assessing antigenic and genomic properties of FPL viruses (FPLV) recently prevalent among cats in Japan. All isolates, with the exception of one novel isolate, FPV-314, possessed homologous properties, and their subgroups in FPVs were identified as FPLV. The FPV-314 isolate, which was from a 1.5-year-old cat which manifested clinical signs of FPL and died on the 13th day after the first medical examination, was finally identified as canine parvovirus (CPV) because it lacked a specific antigenic epitope commonly detected in FPLV and mink enteritis virus and because the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene was almost identical to those of CPV-2a and -2b antigenic type strains recently prevalent among dogs in Japan. The present result together with our previous findings (M. Mochizuki, R. Harasawa, and H. Nakatani. Vet. Microbiol. 38:1-10, 1993) indicates the possibility that CPV and FPLV undergo mutual interspecies transmission between dogs and cats, and it is postulated that they may cause disease in some adventitious hosts.
Animals↗
[Study of components in crude drugs by headspace gas chromatography. II. Components of atractylodes].
Determination of volatile components in essential oils from Atractylodis plants was studied by headspace gas chromatography. The crude drug of 0.20 g with 1.0 ml of water in a capped vial was heated at 130 degrees C for 45 min. Then 0.5 ml of vaporized components were collected by gas tightsillinge, and were applied into the injection port of GC or GC/MS. Consequently we could analyze and confirm the following components; hinesol and beta-eudesmol were found to be contained in Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and atractylon in Atractylodis Rhizoma. beta-Eudesmol was analyzed by headspace gas chromatography, and the obtained calibration curve showed good linearity over the range from 2.5 micrograms to 10.0 mg. The result agreed with those obtained using numerical analyses by the steam distillation method. Atractylodis was found to have a wide variety of components depending on the available sources and on the stored conditions. This method was, therefore, more rapid and simpler determination of essential oils in crude drugs using headspace gas chromatography than those used previously. The method was useful means of the analyses of components in crude drugs such as Atractylodis plants and quality control.
Chromatography, Gas↗
[Matrix metalloproteinase-2 concentrations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and its clinical significance].
Tumor cells degrade extracellular matrix components (ECM) to invade surrounding tissues. Cancer cells are known to produce various ECM-degrading enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), serine proteinases and cathepsins. Type IV collagen is one of the major components of the basement membrane, and it composes the structural scaffold of these specialized sheets of the ECM. The enzymatic degradation of type IV collagen is initiated by MMPs, in particular MMP-2 (a 72 kDa type IV collagenase) and MMP-9 (a 92 kDa type IV collagenase) which play a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. In this study, we investigated MMP-2 concentrations and the activity of type IV collagenase in cancer tissue homogenate in 21 cases with head and neck carcinomas and 6 cases with normal mucosa. MMP-2 concentrations did not differ between normal mucosa and tumor tissue without lymphnode metastases. Type IV collagenase activity in normal mucosa was below the detection limit. MMP-2 concentrations had no relation to tumor size, however MMP-2 concentrations in tumor tissue with lymphnode metastases were higher than that in cases without lymphnode metastasis (35.8 +/- 20.5, 20.0 +/- 9.7 ng/mg protein, respectively). However, there was no correlation between MMP-2 concentrations and type IV activity in tumor tissues. These results suggest that MMP-2 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis, so MMP-2 could be a useful biological tumor marker for metastasis and prognosis.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Left cardiac output curve and pulmonary venous return curve in patients with various heart diseases].
This study assessed the cardiac function of humans by drawing simultaneous left cardiac output and pulmonary venous return curves using radionuclide angiocardiography and right heart catheterization which allows recording of the pressure-flow relationship. Thirty-one subjects with various cardiac diseases were divided into two groups [18 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I and 13 patients with NYHA classes II or III]. Mean pulmonary filling pressure (Pmp) was calculated from the formula of Guyton, using pulmonary arterial compliance which was measured by Reuben's method and pulmonary venous compliance measured as reported previously. On the pressure-flow plane, the down slope of the pulmonary venous return curve was drawn by joining the points of (Pmp, 0) and (mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output). To construct the cardiac output curve, two levels of lower body negative pressure were used to regulate the venous return to the heart. Pmp and the resistance to pulmonary venous return in NYHA II or III patients were significantly higher than those in NYHA I patients (Pmp: 16.3 +/- 1.5 vs 9.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg, p < 0.01; resistance to pulmonary venous return: 0.75 +/- 0.09 vs 0.43 +/- 0.04 mmHg/l/min, p < 0.01, respectively). The slope of pulmonary venous return curve in NYHA II or III patients was smaller than that in NYHA I patients and the pulmonary venous return curve in NYHA II or III patients shifted rightward. The slope of cardiac output curve in NYHA II or III patients was significantly smaller than that in NYHA I patients. This curve in NYHA II or III patients shifted downward and rightward. These results indicate that simultaneous cardiac output and pulmonary venous return curves may be a useful method for assessing the cardiac function in patients with various heart diseases.
Adult↗
[Dual biochemical modulation therapy using 5-FU, leucovorin and cisplatin on human rectal carcinoma xenografts in nude mouse].
This study examined a combined treatment for colorectal carcinoma, the dual biochemical modulation therapy, consisting of 5-FU, Leucovorin (LV) and Cisplatin (CDDP). We compared its anti-tumor effects with other treatments: 5-FU alone, CDDP alone and 5-FU with LV. Primary diffuse infiltrated colorectal carcinoma is well known for its biological malignancy and its lack of response to chemotherapy. We used SRM cells from a cell line of carcinoma of the rectum, and subcutaneously injected them into nude mice. The anti-tumor effects were estimated from the growth rate, inhibition rate and thymidylate synthetase inhibition rates in the tumor tissue. Results indicated that even if the concentration of 5-FU and LV were reduced by half, these combined with CDDP were more effective than other therapies. Dual biochemical modulation therapy is particularly promising because the reduction of the dosages would reduce the side effects while still serving as an excellent anti-tumor therapy.
Animals↗
Mobilization of myeloblasts with 5q-anomaly during treatment with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)
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Cell Division↗
Significance of aminopyrine breath test as a parameter of hepatic functional reserve in 40% partial hepatectomy of rats with CCl4-induced liver injury.
Rats with CCl4-induced liver injury underwent partial (40%) hepatectomy. The [14C]aminopyrine breath test (ABT) values in rats with CCl4-induced liver injury were reduced by 34% compared with those in rats with normal liver. Preoperative ABT values clearly discriminated between survivors and those that died following 40% partial hepatectomy in rats CCl4-induced liver injury (P < 0.05). Hepatic protein synthesis was remarkably enhanced in CCl4-induced liver injury compared with normal liver (P < 0.001), and this was inversely correlated with ABT values (P < 0.001). These data show that the enhanced hepatic protein synthesis could induce a decrease of hepatic functional reserve. ABT seems to be a useful preoperative test for predicting surgical mortality following hepatectomy.
Alanine Transaminase↗
Suppression by prolactin of the electrically induced erectile response through its direct effect on the corpus cavernosum penis in the dog.
PURPOSE: Men become impotent when exposed to hyperprolactinemia. To clarify its mechanisms the effects of intracorporal infusion of prolactin on electrically induced penile erection were evaluated in 12 male dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prolactin (10 micrograms./ml.) or control saline was directly infused into the corpus cavernosum penis 5 minutes before electrical pulse stimulation of the pelvic nerve and the intracorporal pressure was monitored. RESULTS: In 8 dogs erection was markedly suppressed or completely abolished by prolactin. In the remaining 4, this effect of prolactin became manifest only when the ipsilateral internal pudenal artery was ligated. Saline infusion was without effect. CONCLUSIONS: An excess of prolactin directly inhibited the smooth muscle relaxation of corpus cavernosum penis.
Animals↗
In vitro antitumor activity of polymyxin acylase from Pseudomonas sp. M-6-3.
Polymyxin acylase from Pseudomonas sp. M-6-3 can deacylate not only polymyxin group antibiotics, but also the long-chain fatty acyl group of proteins and peptides. We found the in vitro antitumor activity of polymyxin acylase against murine and human tumor cells, especially KB cells. The mechanism of the antitumor activity remains equivocal, but we speculate that it may result from the affinity of polymyxin acylase for long-chain fatty acyl proteins in human carcinoma cells.
Amidohydrolases↗
[Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1.alpha-cyclodextrin (PGE1.CD) on dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver damage in rats].
The effects of PGE1.CD on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced acute liver damage with intravascular coagulation in rats were biochemically and histopathologically investigated. PGE1.CD was administered i.v. from 30 min before to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (pretreatment) and from 30 min after or from 4 hr after to 24 hr after DMN-intoxication (post-treatment). Pretreatment with PGE1.CD (0.2-2 micrograms/kg/min) dose-dependently suppressed the decrease of platelet counts and the elevation of blood biochemical parameters (PT, HPT, GOT, GPT, LDH, LAP, T-Bil) caused by DMN-intoxication. PGE1.CD (0.5 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the DMN-induced histopathological changes (occurrence of hemorrhage and necrosis). Post-treatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) also suppressed the liver damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with PGE1.CD (2 micrograms/kg/min) not only suppressed the disruption of hepatocytes, but also prevented the damages of sinusoidal endothelial cells and lysosomal membrane, and it reduced the increase of lipid peroxidation. PGE1.CD (1 microgram/kg/min and over) significantly suppressed the decrease of hepatic tissue blood flow caused by DMN-intoxication. These results demonstrate that PGE1.CD has therapeutically efficacy against DMN-induced acute liver damage in rats; Therefore, it will be clinically useful for the treatment of severe hepatitis such as fulminant hepatitis with intravascular coagulation in the sinusoid.
Acute Disease↗
[Life satisfaction and its related factors among institutionalized patients at a Hansen's disease sanatorium].
We conducted a questionnaire survey on life styles and health status for 293 patients with Hansen's disease. They were admitted to the wards for disabled and physically able patients of Ohshima Seishoen, in Kagawa prefecture, in 1991. This institution is one of Japan's national leprosy sanitarians. We measured patients' life satisfaction with the Delighted-Terrible Scale. In this report, the distribution of life satisfaction and its associated factors were examined for 210(71.7%) respondents. Factors examined were length of treatment, physical health, and social aspects of life at the sanatorium. The major findings were as follows; 1. The patients aged under 60 had lower proportions of being satisfied with life than those aged 60 or older. The proportions of life satisfaction of the 40-59 age group were 17% for men and 22% for women, while for the 60 or older age groups were 33-44% for men and 41-45% for women. The proportions of life satisfaction in the 60 or older age groups were lower than those of community dwelling elderly persons. 2. We examined factors associated with life satisfaction for the respondents aged 60 or older. Dependence on activities of daily living (ADL) was associated with life satisfaction in some ADL items. Care and aid provided by the staff of the sanatorium may modify the relationship between ADL impairment and life satisfaction. For social aspects of life at the sanatorium, both having networks with family members and having resources other than family were associated with life satisfaction. Going out and positively spending their daily lives were associated with life satisfaction, too. These associations were significant for men. Similar patterns of association were observed for women, but were insignificant. This finding suggests that it is important for the health and medical care staff to pay attention to the social aspects of the life of elderly patients with Hansen's disease.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Work-related factors of low back pain among nursing aides in nursing homes for the elderly.
This survey was performed in December 1991 on 555 nursing aides (NAs) in 32 Special Nursing Homes for the Elderly (SNHs) in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. The purpose of the survey was to establish the relationship between low back pain among NAs in SNHs, and the degree of dependency in the activities of daily living (ADL) of the patients under their care. In order to investigate the work-related factors of low back pain, a questionnaire was sent to the NAs, requesting information on the NAs' low back pain condition. Another questionnaire was sent to the 32 SNHs, concerning the status of patients in the respective SNHs. Of the 463 NAs questionnaires which were returned, 443 female NAs' responses were analyzed. The following findings were observed. The prevalence of low back pain among the NAs was high (the one month prevalence was 77.0%), and of the afflicted NAs, 98 (24.5%) were visiting a health care provider. The NAs with low back pain experienced difficulty in completing their care-giving tasks, and complained about their working conditions and working environment more often than the NAs without low back pain. In addition, this study showed that, at SNHs where the proportions of dependence in patients' ADL were high, the prevalence of low back pain among their NAs was high. This fact was also confirmed by multiple logistic regression. We, therefore, suggest in this study that patients' care needs are associated with low back pain among NAs.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Effect of a combination treatment using imipenem/cilastatin sodium with G-CSF on infections in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies].
The clinical effectiveness of a combination treatment using imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) with G-CSF was studied in neutropenic patients (< 500/mm3) with hematological malignancies and secondary infections. Thirty seven patients were entered in the trial, and 30 patients were eligible. This combination was effective in 20 patients, thus the overall efficacy rate was 66.7 percent. The combination was effective in all 6 cases with septicemia, in 10 case out of 15 cases with fever after chemotherapy (efficacy rate; 66.7%), in 3 out of 8 cases with respiratory infections including 7 cases with pneumonia (efficacy rate; 37.5%), and a case with laryngopharyngitis. According to the order of the administration, the efficacy rates were 60.0% in 5 cases in whom G-CSF treatment was started before IPM/CS, 66.7% in 21 cases given both G-CSF and IPM/CS simultaneously, and 75.0% in 4 cases in whom IPM/CS was started before G-CSF. The difference was statistically not significant on the efficacy rates in the three groups. The efficacy in 18 cases treated with monotherapy on antibiotic was 72.2% and that in 12 cases treated with IPM/CS in combination with other antibiotics was 58.3%, and the difference in the efficacy rates in these two groups was not statistically significant. According to the neutrophil counts before and after the treatment, high response rate (60.0%) was obtained in cases of severe neutropenia (less than 100/mm3). Bacteriological examinations showed that all of bacteria detected as pathogens (10 strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 6 strains of Gram-negative bacteria) were eradicated, though 3 strains were replaced by other pathogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Improving workplace environments and working conditions at worksites providing school lunch service in Japan.
With the cooperation of All Japan Prefectural and Municipal Workers' Union, we have started an overall program on occupational safety and health from 1984. This program has several strategies aimed at preventing occupational injuries and work-related diseases. At first, we analyzed the relationship between work-related hazards and occupational factors, and to identify dangerous or hazardous factors in the workplace. Second, we have conducted a couple of intervention studies at worksites and evaluated these improvements. Third, we discussed the priority, feasibility and cost of improvements with Workers' Union members and school lunch workers. Fourth, during the last decade, Workers' Union and many researchers have demanded that regulations be implemented which would establish comprehensive safety and health programs. Fifth, we provided the workers with procedures on how to improve working environments and conditions. These education and training programs are provided for small-group working ("safety and health circle"), and demonstrate to workers their abilities to solve occupational safety and health problems and to empower them with respect to health-related issues. Finally, we discussed and evaluated the preventive effects of improving workplace environments and working conditions. The overall program on occupational safety and health at worksites is developing nationwide and is gradually taking effect.
Cooking↗