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Biomedical subjects

N Yano

Publications and source records attributed to N Yano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anti-CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in HIV+ patients: flow cytometric analysis.

A new cell proliferation analysis by flow cytometry was applied to the mitogen induced cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from either normal, healthy donors or those individuals who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). While phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of normal PBMC (nPBMC) yielded propagation of both CD4 (nCD4) and CD8 (nCD8) T cell subsets, similar activation of PBMC from certain HIV-1-infected individuals (HIV-PBMC) produced active proliferation of CD8 (HIV-CD8) cells but varying degrees of CD4 (HIV-CD4) cell destruction. However, no measurable viral p24 antigen was produced extracellularly. On the other hand, when the purified HIV-CD4 cells were similarly activated, no such cell death was noted and high titer p24 was detected in the culture supernatants. Addition of exogenous IL-2 to either HIV-PBMC or HIV-CD4 cultures, did not alter either CD4 cell death or HIV-1 p24 production. Isolated HIV-CD8 killed not only HIV-CD4 but also nCD4, when co-cultured and less proliferative fractions of CD4 cell population was the more preferred targets of the HIV-CD8 CTL activity. The presence of anti-CD4 CTL activity was closely associated with high CD8, but not with CD4 counts, of the HIV+ patients.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMed1994

Reactive oxygen intermediates in autoimmune islet cell destruction of the NOD mouse induced by peritoneal exudate cells (rich in macrophages) but not T cells.

The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. NOD mice exhibit massive infiltrates of T cells and macrophages into pancreatic islets (insulitis) prior to diabetes. The contribution of oxygen free radicals to the development of insulitis in NOD mice was examined by administration of its scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Bovine superoxide dismutase and catalase were each coupled to polyethylene glycol. The treatment with superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol reduced the number of islets with insulitis and increased the undamaged islet tissue, as compared with the control group. The treatment with catalase-polyethylene glycol showed a similar tendency which did not reach significance. Using a flow cytometric assay of the oxidation of 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein, the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells in the culture system was measured and the effect of peritoneal exudate cells and T cells on their production examined. Peritoneal exudate cells, but not T cells, from NOD mice increased the content of reactive oxygen intermediates in islet cells of either the NOD mouse or the ILI mouse (MHC-identical to NOD); the addition of superoxide dismutase to the culture medium suppressed this increase in NOD or ILI islet cells. The present data support the concept that production of oxygen free radicals mediated by macrophages can damage islet beta cells, directly resulting in autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nephrotic syndrome associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE): a case report.

We experienced a female nephrotic patient associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis. Her proteinuria was completely normalized after antibiotic therapy and valve replacement. Immunofluorescence and an electron microscopic study of a renal biopsy specimen showed little evidence of immune complex in the glomeruli. Marked deposition of properdin in the glomeruli and the reduced level of serum complement may indicate involvement of the complement system in the pathogenic mechanism of massive proteinuria in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Altered production of IgE and IgA induced by IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with IgA nephropathy.

In order to elucidate the factors responsible for altered immunoglobulin production in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the in vitro effects of IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the synthesis of IgE and IgA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Spontaneous IgE and IgA synthesis by PBMC was significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy compared with controls. The maximum amounts of IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC after stimulation with IL-4 were almost the same both in patients with IgAN and in controls. The enhancement rate of IL-4-induced IgE and IgA synthesis was significantly lower in IgAN than in the controls, suggesting in vivo preactivation of PBMC in IgAN patients. IFN-gamma suppressed IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC from IgAN patients as well as controls. However, the suppressive effect on IgE synthesis was less prominent in patients with IgAN. These results suggested that altered IL-4 action might be involved in the development of IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Increase of CD23-positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy and non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis.

CD23 is a surface marker of activated B cells as well as a low-affinity Fc receptor for IgE. In this study, we enumerated CD23-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and evaluated their clinical significance in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Twenty-five patients with IgAN and 16 patients with non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) were studied. Twenty-seven healthy adults served as controls. CD23-bearing cells were enumerated by flow cytometry, and serum IgE levels were measured by latex photometric immunoassay. Significant increases in the number of CD23-positive cells were observed in patients with IgAN (p less than 0.01) and PGN (p less than 0.05) compared with controls. A significant elevation of serum IgE levels was also observed in the patients with IgAN and PGN (p less than 0.05). No positive correlation between the number of CD23-positive cells and serum IgE levels was observed. We also examined the induction of surface CD23 expression on peripheral lymphocytes by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate. IL-4 was revealed to have a significantly potent effect on the induction of cell surface CD23 compared with other stimulants. It was concluded that many patients with IgAN or PGN show high serum IgE levels and/or high CD23-positive cell counts in their peripheral blood, suggesting that hyperactivation of B cells might be involved in the development of IgAN and non-IgA PGN. It appeared that IL-4 may play a significant role in the etiology of these types of glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased frequency of the heterozygous switch region of IgA2 in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy.

The relation between IgA hyperproduction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain switch (S) region was examined in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using Southern blot hybridization. Polymorphism in the S regions of IgM, IgA1 and IgA2 (SA2) was detected. A significant increase in the frequency of heterozygous phenotype of SA2 was shown in the patients. These patients showed a significant increase in the amount of serum IgA, IgA bearing cells and levels of proteinuria. Although two reports on RFLP of the S region have been published in Europe, the results differed. A comparison of the three reports showed different frequencies in the phenotype of the S region between Caucasian and Japanese patients. These results suggested that there is heterogeneity at the S region in IgAN patients in various countries and that this polymorphism might be associated with IgA hyperproduction and the development of proteinuria in Japanese patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lupus nephritis associated with bacterial panperitonitis and lung alveolar hemorrhage.

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome due to lupus nephritis. The patient had panperitonitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as a complication, and an emergency laparotomy was performed. After the operation, the patient developed a massive lung alveolar hemorrhage. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy showed a marked effect on the lung hemorrhage. It is known that lung alveolar hemorrhages associated with systemic lupus erythematosus have a very high mortality; the present case is relatively rare because of the good response to steroid pulse therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CD4 subsets in IgA nephropathy.

CD45RA+ (2H4+) and CD45RA-(CD29, 4B4+) antigenic expressions, recognized as a suppressor inducer and a helper inducer, respectively, on CD4+ and T alpha 4+ cells (Fc alpha receptor bearing CD4 T cells) were measured by three color flow cytometry in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The 4B4+ subsets of CD4 and T alpha 4 T cells were increased significantly in the patient group compared with the control group. The level of the 2H4+ subset did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in the 4B4+ subset and disease severity, as estimated by measuring the proteinuria, levels of serum creatinine and immunoglobulins (Igs) or renal tissue damage. It was concluded that 4B4+ CD4+ and 4B4+ T alpha 4+ subsets might be involved in the mechanism of immunopathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In vivo antibody response to mucosal (NASAL) and subcutaneous stimulation of influenza virus in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Anomalies in the production of antibodies have been postulated in the development of IgA nephropathy. In order to study the aberrant immune response in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), an influenza virus vaccine was administered to healthy adults and patients with IgAN to demonstrate if there was any in vivo alteration in the antibody production to mucosal and non-mucosal antigenic stimulation in these groups. The vaccine was administered subcutaneously (s.c) or intranasally at a dose of 350 CCA or 1,050 CCA at an interval of 4 weeks, respectively. IgG, IgA, IgM class antibodies to influenza virus were determined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subcutaneous stimulation induced IgM antibody response in both groups. However, positive response to nasal stimulation was observed only in the patient group. Serum IgA and IgM responses in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. These data suggested that patients with IgA nephropathy showed higher antibody response to mucosal stimulation than healthy controls.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

Significance of levels of circulating IgA-class immune complex in discriminant analysis of patients with IgA nephropathy before renal biopsy.

Discriminant analysis of clinical markers including circulating IgA-class immune complex (IgA-CIC) before renal biopsy in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Fifty-six patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA nephropathy group) and 54 patients with other primary chronic glomerulonephritis (non-IgA nephropathy group) were examined. Discriminant analysis was applied to separate these two groups by using 21 clinical markers including levels of IgA-CIC. The levels of IgA-CIC in sera were measured by a solid-phase anti-C3 Facb enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Among these clinical markers, the levels of serum IgA, IgA-CIC and creatinine, and the degree of microhematuria in the IgA nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-IgA nephropathy group. Contributions of IgA and IgA-CIC to the classification were very high and both had almost the same effect. The correct classification rate was 80.00% using five clinical markers: serum IgA, microhematuria, IgA-CIC, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. It was shown that the levels of serum IgA and IgA-CIC were major markers for the clinical diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy. It was concluded that discriminant analysis before renal biopsy was useful for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

No increase in antibodies to six food antigens in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy.

It has been postulated that mucosa-related antigens are involved in the development of IgA nephropathy. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether food antigens have any relation to IgA nephropathy in Japan. Sera from 15 patients with IgA nephropathy and 15 healthy controls were examined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody titers were measured against six food-derived antigens, i.e. rice, soy bean paste, soy sauce, egg yolk, egg white and gluten, all of which are frequently found in the ordinary Japanese diet. No significant differences between patients and controls were found. It was concluded that food antigens appear to have little, if any, relation to IgA nephropathy.

Egg Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Rheumatoid factors and glomerulonephritis.

It is presently unknown whether rheumatoid factors have a pathogenic role in the development of various types of glomerulonephritis with immune deposits. Three isotypes of rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are autoantibodies to IgG, were measured using the solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay in sera from patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), membranous lupus nephritis (MLN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). RF activity of immunoglobulins deposited in the glomeruli from these patients was also studied by examining the binding of the FITC-conjugated human IgG and Fc portion of IgG to the glomeruli of renal biopsy specimens. IgG, IgA and IgM RFs were significantly increased in sera from patients with DPLN, and the increase was significantly lower in patients with MLN, IgAN and MN. Human IgG bound to immunoglobulin on the glomeruli only in DPLN, but not in MLN, IgAN or MN. The Fc portion of IgG was demonstrated to be involved in this reaction. It was suggested that RFs and IgG may play a major role in immune deposits on the glomeruli in DPLN and may be involved in the development of DPLN; however, this is not likely in MLN, IgAN or MN.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

[A study of the effectiveness of denture cleanser on human breath].

The purpose of this study is to measure the human breathes of denture wearers by using breath sensor, and to evaluate the influence of denture cleansing. The following results were obtained. 1. There is a possibility that the human breathes of full denture wearers may originate from their dentures. 2. There is a possibility that the cleansed dentures may cover the smell of the patient's oral mucosa itself and may reduce the apparent human breathes. Anyhow, the human breathes of denture wearers reduce significantly by using the denture cleanser.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1989

Three cases of acute massive hydrothorax complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Acute hydrothorax is a rare complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We experienced three such cases among patients who started CAPD in our institute between April 1984 and April 1989. One was resolved with pleurodesis using autologous blood. The other two patients were switched to hemodialysis permanently because pleurodesis with autologous blood, tetracycline or OK432 failed. Acute hydrothorax is one important possible complication in CAPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis undetected by routine school urinalysis: a case report.

A twelve year old girl with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is reported. First symptoms of renal failure developed in August 1987 just five months after a routine school urinalysis which detected no abnormalities. The patient developed end stage renal failure within 2 months of onset. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was introduced to manage the renal failure, and open renal biopsy was performed simultaneously in order to elucidate the underlying renal disease in this patient. Microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrated marked formation of crescents in about 90% of the glomeruli, and some of the glomeruli were already sclerotic. Granular depositions of IgG(trace), IgA(1+), IgM(3+), properdine(3+), Clq(3+) and C3(3+) were observed by immunofluorescence staining. A definite diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis was made as the cause of renal failure in this patient. It was suggested that open renal biopsy is useful in diagnosing the underlying kidney disease of end stage renal failure in cases where the clinical course is relatively short.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus-recent advances].

In 1982, two years after the second report of the WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus, new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus were recommended by the Japan Diabetes Society and widely used in Japan. In the assessment of diabetic control, a blood ketone body measurement kit was developed and has been used for detecting its metabolic abnormality. Glycated hemoglobin has been introduced to clinical practice as an index of the past 1-2 months' diabetic control, fructosamine of the past 1-2 weeks' diabetic control and they are effectively used to achieve the good metabolic control. In the field of treatment, the extrapancreatic action of the sulfonylurea agent has been re-estimated and combination therapy with insulin is now being tested. In insulin treatment, conventional insulin injection (once a day) was not sufficient for preventing the chronic vascular complication of diabetes and intensive insulin therapy has been strongly recommended and is gradually coming into wide use. Since the development of an insulin injection pump, we have been able to mimic the normal insulin secretion pattern. With the increase of blood glucose self-monitoring, the sliding scale method can be used where the patient himself adjusts the insulin dose under certain circumstances.

Diabetes Mellitus↗