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Biomedical subjects

N Yanai

Publications and source records attributed to N Yanai.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on granulopoiesis and survival in bone-marrow-transplanted mice.

Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) has been isolated from normal human urine and purified to a homogeneous protein. The effect of hM-CSF on granulopoiesis was investigated in BALB/c mice transplanted with a suboptimal number of bone marrow cells. Lethally irradiated (7.8 Gy) mice were transplanted with 1 x 10(6) syngeneic mouse bone marrow cells and treated with a daily intraperitoneal dose of 64 micrograms/kg of hM-CSF for 5 days following the transplant. The hM-CSF injection resulted in stimulation of the recovery of blood neutrophils as well as an increase in the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in the femur and spleen. The survival of lethally irradiated mice was dependent on the cell number transplanted; most mice transplanted with 2 x 10(4) cells died within 2 weeks. The recovery of hematopoiesis in mice transplanted with 2 x 10(4) cells was modestly but significantly stimulated by hM-CSF administration initiated from 5 days before or 1 day after transplantation for a 5-day period. Furthermore, the hM-CSF administrations markedly reduced the mortality in these mice during the early period after the transplantation. Since anaerobic bacteria were frequently detected in arterial blood immediately before the deaths but were not found in the surviving mice, it is speculated that early deaths occurring within 2 weeks after the transplant may be caused by opportunistic infections, and hM-CSF injection may prevent these mortal infections through its stimulating effect on monocyte-macrophage functions that are responsible for the production of hematopoietic regulators.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Microenvironment created by stromal cells is essential for a rapid expansion of erythroid cells in mouse fetal liver.

Mouse stromal cell lines (FLS lines), established from the livers of 13-day gestation mouse fetus, supported the proliferation and differentiation of the erythroid progenitor cells from mouse fetal livers and bone marrow in a semisolid medium in the presence of erythropoietin. A large erythroid colony of over 1000 benzidine-positive erythroid cells was developed from a single erythroid progenitor cell on the FLS cell layer after 4 days of culture. When in close contact with the layer, the erythroid progenitor cells divided rapidly with an average generation time of 9.6 h and mature erythroid cells, including enucleated erythrocytes, were produced. The present studies demonstrate that the microenvironment created by the stromal cells can support the rapid expansion of erythropoietic cell population in the fetal liver of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula].

To clarify the results of treatment of secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula, 81 cases treated at 31 different institutions during the 5 years period from 1983 to 1987 were analysed. 1) All cases of thoracic empyema treated surgically and secondary empyema following lung resection complicated with internal fistula did not decreased during the study period, in spite of the remarkable decrease of surgical cases for pulmonary tuberculosis. 2) The highest rate was observed in males over 50 years of age. 3) Bacteriologically positive case in empyema space was occupied about 70%. 4) 196 operations (including drainage) of 17 types were performed on 81 patients. Only 16% of the cases were successfully treated with one stage of operation. 5) Principal surgical procedure applied in cases under this study was drainage followed by closure of fistula with muscle plombage and with or without thoracoplasty. Case of air plombage and omental pedicle flap plombage have increased recently in Japan. 6) Success rate was 55.6%, failure rate was 32.1% and the mortality was 12.3%. These results indicate the difficulty involved in treatment. Therefore, to avoid occurrence of secondary empyema cases, careful selection of surgical indication, sufficient training in surgical technique and good preoperative and postoperative management are crucial.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Spleen stromal cell lines selectively support erythroid colony formation.

Mouse stromal cell lines (MSS lines) have been established from the spleens of newborn mice in culture at a low serum concentration. These MSS lines support the proliferation and differentiation of the erythroid progenitor cells from mouse fetal livers and bone marrow in a semisolid medium in the presence of erythropoietin. Larger colonies of over 1,000 benzidine-positive erythroid cells were developed from the fetal liver cells on the MSS cell layers after 6 days of incubation. These layers also support the maturation of the erythroid cells since the enucleation process of the latter was observed in large erythroid colonies. Metabolically active MSS cells are apparently required to support the proliferation and differentiation of the erythroid progenitor cells, because neither the MSS cells inactivated with fixation nor the conditioned media of MSS cells promoted the erythroid colony formation. These studies demonstrate that MSS lines specifically support the proliferation and differentiation of the erythroid progenitor cells in vitro and that stroma cells may have a critical function in blood formation in the mouse spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enhancing effect of human monocytic colony-stimulating factor on monocyte tumoricidal activity.

Human monocytic colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) enhances several effector functions of human peripheral blood monocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Mr 85,000 form of hM-CSF on the tumoricidal activity of human monocytes against several leukemic cell lines using a 12-h chromium release assay. Human peripheral blood monocytes preincubated with hM-CSF for 48 h showed more effective killing activity towards K562, U937, Daudi, and HL60 cells as compared with the cells preincubated with medium alone. Maximal enhancement of the tumoricidal activity was achieved by hM-CSF at concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml. A trace amount of lipopolysaccharide contained in the hM-CSF did not seem to contribute to the enhancing effect, as the addition of a lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing agent, polymyxin B, to the preincubation mixture did not reduce this effect. Anti-tumor necrosis factor antiserum partially blocked the tumoricidal activity mediated by hM-CSF, indicating that tumor necrosis factor may participate in the hM-CSF-mediated increase of monocyte tumor cell-killing activity. These results suggest that in addition to other monocyte-activating factors, hM-CSF augments monocyte tumoricidal activity against a wide spectrum of tumor targets.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant and native human urinary colony-stimulating factor directly augments granulocytic and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production of human peripheral blood monocytes.

Colony-stimulating factor from human urine (CSF-HU) has been purified to a homogeneous protein, and its complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned. Recombinant CSF-HU was prepared from a serum-free medium conditioned by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cDNA and purified by the same method as that for the native protein. Purified CSF-HU stimulated human bone marrow cells to form macrophage colonies. It also stimulated human mature monocytes prepared from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to produce human active colony-stimulating activity that stimulates human bone marrow cells to form granulocyte and macrophage colonies. This activity was partially neutralized by the addition of both polyclonal antibodies against human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and against human granulocyte-macrophage CSF, respectively. The stimulation of monocytes by CSF-HU was not inhibited by the addition of polymyxin-B, which is known as a potent inhibitor of endotoxin. On the other hand, CSF-HU did not stimulate monocyte production of interleukin-1 and interferon. These results indicate that recombinant and native CSF-HU stimulates immature cells as well as mature cells in the human monocyte lineage.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of thoracic empyema in recent 6 years; analysis of 944 cases in Japan].

944 cases of thoracic empyema were treated surgically in a 6-year period (from 1981 through 1986) in 37 institutions under supervision of Ryoken. Preoperative backgrounds, operative modes and surgical results are evaluated. Preoperative backgrounds are as follows; Acute cases comprised only 5.5% of the total. Primary cases outnumbered postoperative ones, the former occupying 65.8% of the total. Fistulous empyema comprised 68.6% of the total. Extension of the empyema; total empyema 56.0%, partial empyema 44.0%. Concerning respiratory reserve, those with FEV1/VCpr (to be denominated RI) less than 40 comprised 44.3% of the total. As to bacteriological findings; positive 49.9%, negative 40.0%, unknown 10.1%. Surgical modes; Pleuroresection 20.8%, decortication 22.4%, space-reducing 28.6%, air-plombage 9.7%, open drainage 6.8%, closed drainage 4.3%, others 7.4%. Overall results; success 83.8%, unsuccess 11.5%, death 4.7%. Those with positive microorganisms and RI less than 40 fared most poorly; success 73.2%, unsuccess 19.7% death 7.1%. Those with negative microorganisms and RI more than 41 fared most well; success 97.9%, unsuccess 1.5%, death 0.5%. Success rate with regard to surgical modes; air-plombage 95.7%, decortication 95.3% pleuroresection 92.6%, space-reducing 80.0%, closed drainage 68.3%, open drainage 29.7%.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and main-stem bronchus. A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical study.

Twelve cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea and main-stem bronchus were histologically analyzed, and the results were examined with reference to the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis. The tumors were histologically classified into tubular, cribriform, and solid subtypes. Three histologic grades were established: grade I, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes but without solid subtype; grade II, tumors with tubular and cribriform subtypes in which the solid subtype comprised less than 20% of the area; grade III, tumors in which the solid subtype comprised more than 20% of the area. Three gross infiltrating types were established: type I, entirely intraluminal; type II, predominantly intraluminal; type III, predominantly extraluminal. In most cases histologic grade correlated with gross tumor type; that is, grades, I, II, and III were grossly types I, II, and III, respectively. The tumors infiltrating along the tracheobronchial wall were of the tubular or cribriform subtype, but not of the solid subtype. In two patients who died of distant metastasis, the histologic studies revealed the solid subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the tubular subtype was the most differentiated form and the solid subtype, the most undifferentiated form. The histologic subtype of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree was an important factor in the growth pattern of the tumor and the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Deficient melanosome formation in some coat-color mutant mice revealed by a monoclonal antibody against melanosome.

Some coat-color loci in mice are considered to control melanosome formation. In order to investigate genetic control of melanosome-associated proteins, we prepared monoclonal antibodies against mouse melanosomes. Melanosomes were isolated from B16 mouse melanoma through differential fractionation. BALB/c mice were immunized with an SDS-solubilized melanosome fraction. The spleen cells were subsequently fused with mouse myeloma cells, the resulting hybridomas cloned. Their secreted IgG was screened for reactivity to the SDS-solubilized melanosome fraction. One monoclonal antibody, M10, was shown to react to melanosomes by immunoelectronmicroscopy. It recognized a single protein band of 61,000 dalton on immunoblots of gel-fractionated melanosomes. The reactivities of M10 to skin homogenates from various coat-color mutants were examined by the ELISA method. Five congenic genotypes, non-agouti (a/a), brown (b/b), albino (c/c), dilute (d/d), and pink-eyed dilution (p/p) were examined. Among these, b/b and p/p showed significantly lower reactivities than a/a. Our results seem to suggest that the pigment abnormalities in these mutants result from abnormalities of the melanosomal proteins. In the case of albino mice, the reactivity of M10 to skin homogenate was almost the same as the wild-type mouse. It seems that the albino mice are capable of producing the melanosomal protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative analysis of mouse tyrosinase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A sensitive, specific, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for quantitative analysis of tyrosinase. Binding sites of anti-tyrosinase antibodies were competed for by purified tyrosinase adsorbed onto microtiter plates and a known (standard) or unknown (sample) amount of tyrosinase in solution. Adsorbed antibodies were detected by goat anti-rabbit IgG F(ab')2 labeled with peroxidase. A sensitivity range of 2.1 to 14 ng (30-200 fmol)/well was obtained. SDS was found to be the most suitable detergent for solubilizing the enzyme. Tyrosinase was extracted from B16 mouse melanoma and assayed by the ELISA. The tyrosinase content per mg melanoma protein was 505 +/- 106 (S.D.) ng. This assay is not only useful for measuring the content of normal tyrosinase in crude extracts but also is possibly applicable to detecting the unprocessed tyrosinases.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Concentrations of cefmenoxime in human bone marrow blood and osseous tissue].

One gram of cefmenoxime (CMX) was administered to each of 10 patients by a one shot intravenous injection at the beginning of surgery. At 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after the administration, concentrations of CMX in venous blood, bone marrow blood and bone tissue were assayed by the agar-well method. CMX was smoothly transmigrated after the injection from venous blood to bone marrow blood and bone tissue, and effective concentrations higher than MIC80 values were maintained for several hours. CMX, therefore, appears to be a useful drug for the prophylaxis and the treatment of postoperative infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Multiple primary cancers observed after surgery of lung cancer, and their countermeasures].

Multiple primary cancers were found after surgery in 80 (2.5%) of 3,154 patients with lung cancer. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma most frequently suffered from multiple primary cancers. The period up to discovery of the second primary cancers was within two years in 78.8% of the patients. Second primary cancers were most frequently observed in the lung, followed by the stomach, colon and rectum. Second primary cancers were found in the lung in 26 patients, 14 of these (53.8%) having squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple primary cancers were noted in 2.8% of 1,210 lung cancer patients who underwent stage I curative operation and 2.4% of the remaining 1,944 cases. As to prognosis, 14 patients survived for more than three years after the second primary cancers were found.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to costus root oil in lung cancer].

Costus root oil is a new primary sensitizer for examining the delayed, cell-mediated immune system. Ninety-nine patients with lung cancer were tested for skin reactions to costus root oil. The incidence of positive reactions to costus root oil decreased with the progress of lung cancer. The percentage of lung cancer patients who survived was significantly greater for positive than for negative patients. This study shows that skin reactions to costus root oil are related the tumor growth and prognosis in lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Methyl heptine carbonate skin test in lung cancer--correlation with stage and prognosis].

Results of methyl heptine carbonate skin tests were compared with DNCB skin test results in 155 patients with chest diseases. Reactions to methyl heptine carbonate and DNCB were similar in 142 of 155 patients (92%). Forty-two lung cancer patients and 42 control patients were tested for their reactions to methyl heptine carbonate. The reactions were positive in 52% of the lung cancer patients and in 98% of the controls (p less than 0.01). The incidence of methyl heptine carbonate reactions decreased as the lung cancer stage advanced. The 6-month mortality rate was 10% in nonresponders compared to 77% in responders to methyl heptine carbonate (p less than 0.01). This study shows that reactions to methyl heptine carbonate correlate with tumor stage and prognosis in lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Peripheral lung carcinoid tumor producing predominantly gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Morphologic and hormonal studies.

A carcinoid tumor of the peripheral lung producing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a peptide hormone known to be present in the endocrine cells of fetal bronchial epithelium, is reported. Brain-gut peptide hormones in this tumor were assayed by radioimmunoassays, localized by immunohistochemistry and characterized by gel filtration. Electron microscopic study revealed that tumor cells resembled P-cells of normal human fetal bronchial epithelium. While GRP-containing cells were predominant in this tumor, calcitonin-containing cells were also found in some areas. Difference in distribution of hormones according to histologic features was noted in the tumor. A greater portion of the tumor showed spindled cells that predominantly contained GRP, and a smaller portion of the tumor showed cells arranged in tubular or trabecular patterns that mainly contained calcitonin. The gel-filtration pattern of the tumor extracts consisted of two peaks, one of these corresponded to the synthetic replicate of porcine GRP, and another was considered to correspond to C-terminal fragments of the peptide.

Adult↗