Improvement of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular function in a man with Fabry disease by treatment with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
N Yamada
Publications and source records attributed to N Yamada.
Common femoral artery transection by blunt trauma.
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Femoral Artery↗
B(0)-B(0) mixing in unquenched lattice QCD.
We present an unquenched lattice calculation for the B(0)-B(0) transition amplitude. The calculation, carried out at an inverse lattice spacing 1/a=2.22(4) GeV, incorporates two flavors of dynamical quarks described by the O(a)-improved Wilson fermion action and heavy quarks described by nonrelativistic QCD. Particular attention is paid to the uncertainty that arises from the chiral extrapolation, especially the effect of pion loops, for light quarks, which we find could be sizable for the leptonic decay constant, whereas it is small for the B parameters. We obtain f(B(d))=191(10)(+12-22) MeV, f(B(s))/f(B(d))=1.13(3)(+13-2), B(B(d))(m(b))=0.836(27)(+56-62), B(B(s))/B(B(d))=1.017(16)(+56-17), and xi=1.14(3)(+13-2), where the first error is statistical, and the second is systematic, including uncertainties due to chiral extrapolation, finite lattice spacing, heavy quark expansion, and perturbative operator matching.
Journal Article↗
Avascular necrosis associated with fractures of the femoral neck in children: histological evaluation of core biopsies of the femoral head.
There is no well-documented effective treatment for avascular necrosis following fractures of the femoral neck in children. Six children who suffered avascular necrosis following these fractures were treated with a long period of non-weight bearing. We tried to predict the advisable period of non-weight bearing by histological finding on core biopsy taken from the femoral head and present long-term follow-up results. The time interval for the biopsy ranged from 4 to 21 months after injury. Two specimens obtained within 1 year after injury showed total necrosis. The other four specimens taken more than 1 year after injury showed partial repair. Two specimens obtained from patients who had minimally displaced fractures also revealed necrotic tissue. Four patients were initially placed non-weight bearing for over 1 year. Two patients started weight bearing immediately after surgery, and late segmental collapse occurred within 1 year. They were then placed non-weight bearing for a further period in excess of 1 year. All patients, including those who had severely displaced fractures, avoided severe collapse of the femoral head. To avoid severe collapse of the femoral head due to avascular necrosis after pediatric femoral neck fractures, a long period of non-weight bearing of at least 1 year may be recommended treatment.
Adolescent↗
Pigmented wart showing fibrillar intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies.
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Female↗
TRA-418, a novel compound having both thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonistic and prostaglandin I(2) receptor agonistic activities: its antiplatelet effects in human and animal platelets.
TRA-418 is a novel compound that has been found in our screening for compounds having both thromboxane A2 (TP) receptor antagonistic and prostaglandin I2 (IP) receptor agonistic activities. In the binding assays, TRA-418 showed a 10-fold higher affinity to TP-receptors than IP-receptors. TRA-418 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by the TP-receptor agonist, U-46619 and by arachidonic acid at concentrations lower than those required for inhibition of ADP-induced aggregations. Furthermore, TRA-418 inhibited not only platelet aggregation induced by ADP alone, but also that induced by ADP in the presence of the TP-receptor antagonist, SQ-29548. When the IC50 values of TRA-418 for platelet aggregation were estimated in platelet preparations from monkeys, dogs, cats, and rats using ADP and arachidonic acid as the platelet stimulating agents, it was found that the values estimated in monkey platelets were quite similar to those estimated in human platelets. In ex vivo platelet aggregation in monkeys, TRA-418 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid-induced aggregation in platelet preparations from monkeys treated at 3 micro g kg min-1 or higher doses, where neither a significant decrease in blood pressure nor a significant increase in heart rate was observed. These results are consistent with the fact that TRA-418 has a relatively potent TP-receptor antagonistic activity together with a relatively weak IP-receptor agonistic activity.
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
NOx (nitrite/nitrate) in cerebral spinal fluids obtained from patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy.
It has become evident that the number of patients with a new type of influenza-associated encephalopathy is increasing in Japan. Nitric oxide (NO), a simple free radical gas, elicits a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological effects. We measured the nitrite/nitrate (NO x ) levels in cerebral spinal fluid obtained from patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy in order to evaluate the correlation between the NO production and the process of influenza-associated encephalopathy. Fifteen children were enrolled, aged from 1 to 9 years. As control we used 14 cerebral spinal fluids obtained from patients with urinary tract infection, respiratory infection or mumps meningitis without any sequela. NO 3 in influenza-associated encephalopathy was significantly higher than that of control group. On the other hand NO 2 was not significantly higher than that of control group. In particular, 4 out of 5 fatal cases revealed high NO 2 or NO 3. One case having normal levels in NO 2 and NO 3 showed that NH 3 was high. These results revealed that NO plays a role in influenza-associated encephalopathy through indirect effects of NO.
Brain↗
Closed reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip by prolonged traction.
The efficacy of traction before an attempted closed reduction for patients with developmental dislocation of the hip remains controversial. We treated 55 children (62 dislocations of the hip) by preliminary, prolonged traction for a mean of eight weeks. All were followed up for at least two years in order to observe the development of any avascular changes within the femoral head. Of the 55 children, 27 (31 dislocations) were followed up until they were over six years of age. Fifty-seven of the 62 hips (92%) showed a successful closed reduction. Only one had radiological evidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Of the 31 hips which were followed up to over six years of age, 15 (48%) showed residual subluxation. Our method of prolonged preliminary traction leads to a high rate of successful closed reduction, a low incidence of avascular necrosis and a reduced need for secondary operations.
Female↗
Genetic differences in interleukin-1 betapolymorphisms among four Asian populations: an analysis of the Asian paradox between H. pylori infection and gastric cancer incidence.
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is high among Asian populations, but the incidences of gastric cancer differ greatly among northern and southern Asian populations. Here, we studied histopathological findings in stomach tissue using an updated Sydney System and the frequencies of interleukin (IL)-1betapolymorphisms, thought to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, in four Asian populations. Endoscopic-guided biopsies from three regions of the stomach and the -511 T-to-C polymorphism in the IL-1betagene were examined in 228 Japanese, 116 Chinese, 159 Thai and 83 Vietnamese patients with gastric diseases. H. pylori colonization, inflammation and activity were more severe in the Japanese and Thai populations than in the Chinese and Vietnamese populations and these scores were more antrum-predominant in the Thai and Vietnamese populations than in the Japanese and Chinese populations, with the most severe degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia occurring in the angulus region of the Japanese population. The IL-1betapolymorphisms did not differ among the four populations overall, but in cases with severe mucosal atrophy (pepsinogen I/II ratio <3.0), the CC polymorphism was dominant in the Japanese population and the TT+TC polymorphism was dominant in the Chinese population; no difference in C and T allele frequencies was found in the Thai and Vietnamese populations. In conclusion, the incidence of gastric cancer is extremely low, but the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in the Thai population (Asian paradox). In the Thai population, the scores for corpus gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, which are associated with a high risk of gastric cancer, were low in comparison with the Japanese population. IL-1betapolymorphisms were correlated with mucosal atrophy in the Japanese and Chinese populations, but not in the Thai and Vietnamese populations.
Adolescent↗
Epidemiological characteristics of acute pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan.
AIM: In Japan, acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) is still rare, but the number of patients with APTE has been steadily increasing. It is important for early diagnosis and early management of APTE to recognize epidemiological characteristics of this condition. METHODS: We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of 252 patients with APTE who were admitted to our institutions between 1975 and 2001. APTE was more prevalent in women that in men. It was observed the most in the age group between 50s to 70s, especially in women. Many patients had prolonged immobilization, recent major operation, obesity, or cancer, as risk factors for venous thromboembolism. One hundred and thirty-eight patients developed APTE in hospital; 60 patients were in Department of Internal Medicine, 28 in General Surgery, 15 in Orthopedics, 15 in Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 20 in other services. RESULTS: Among 58 patients with malignancy, 43% had cancers in digestive organs, 21% in gynecological, and 17% in urological. Among 61 patients who were examined for the presence of thrombophilia, 13 patients had inherited thrombophilia (8 protein C deficiency, 4 protein S deficiency, and 1 antithrombin III deficiency) 11 had antiphospholipid antibodies which indicated thrombophilia. Five out of the above 61 patients (8%) had no obvious risk factors including thrombophilia. CONCLUSION: The findings in our patients were almost the same as those in Western patients, except for some points. These results might be useful to establish a preventive approach for APTE in Japan.
Acute Disease↗
Acute gliclazide administration enhances glucose and ketone body utilization in the perfused hind limb of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Sulfonylureas are the most commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents. Their hypoglycemic actions are produced not only by stimulating insulin secretion but also by extrapancreatic mechanisms. Some groups have already demonstrated the extrapancreatic actions of sulfonylureas on carbohydrate metabolism in the liver, fat and muscle. In this study, we showed in an in situ perfused hind limb preparation of STZ-diabetic rats that gliclazide has an acute effect on ketone body and glucose utilization.
Animals↗
Visualisation method of spatial interictal discharges in temporal epilepsy patients using magneto-encephalogram.
The aim of the study was to develop a method for investigating how interictal epileptic discharges in temporal epilepsy patients are activated spatially. The activity was measured using magneto-encephalography (MEG). The MEG data were used to produce a current-arrow map that reflected the topographic distribution of the electrical current for each peak epileptic waveform. A large current distribution was obtained that appeared to be contained in the limbic structure, in each temporal lobe. The large current orientation indicated two opposite directions. Furthermore, the decrease in the maximum strength of the current-arrow, depending on the medication (e.g. the decrease from 11 to 6 pT m-1 in the left temporal lobe (contralateral stimuli)), suggested that the discharge distributions could be used to verify the efficacy of medication. Thus the topographical visualisation method could be a new strategy for diagnosis in temporal epilepsy patients.
Aged↗
Interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 synergistically inhibit osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity.
The effect of interleukin (IL)-18 on osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity was investigated in vitro. Osteoclast-enriched cells, about 70% of which were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, were cultured on dentine slices, and then the total volume of resorption pits on each dentine slice was measured as bone-resorbing activity. When the effects of IL-18 alone at 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL were examined, bone-resorbing activity was significantly reduced only at 1000 ng/mL, by about 50%. However, IL-18 plus IL-12 (10 ng/mL each) reduced bone-resorbing activity by about 70%, whereas IL-12 alone had no significant effect. When the concentration of interferon (IFN)-gamma in the medium was measured, IL-18 or IL-12 was found to increase it slightly, and the combination of these two cytokines synergistically increased it. The inhibitory effect of the combination of the two cytokines was completely abolished by the addition of an anti-IFN-gamma neutralizing antibody to the medium, but IFN-gamma by itself did not inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. IL-18 alone or in combination with IL-12 did not affect the number of TRAP-positive cells in culture of osteoclast-enriched cells. Osteoclasts prepared from osteoclast-enriched cells expressed mRNAs of IL-18 receptor, MyD88, and cathepsin K. Furthermore, IL-18 receptor protein was detected on the cell surface of osteoclasts. The present results indicate that the combination of IL-18 and IL-12 synergistically inhibits osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity, suggesting that IFN-gamma participates in the mechanism underlying this inhibition.
Animals↗
Effect of acid suppression therapy on development of gastric erosions after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection.
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori eradication markedly improves histological inflammation and decreases peptic ulcer recurrence, but little is known about the subsequent development of gastric mucosal injury. AIM: To investigate whether acid suppression treatment after eradication influences the development of gastric erosions. METHODS: Eighty-one patients (gastritis or peptic ulcer) after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into two groups: 40 received an H2-blocker for 6 months (H2-blocker-positive) and 41 received no treatment (H2-blocker-negative). Endoscopy was performed before, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of eradication. RESULTS: Cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions in the H2-blocker-positive group was significantly lower than in the H2-blocker-negative group, 25% vs. 42%, respectively. In the H2-blocker-negative group but not the H2-blocker-positive group, the cumulative prevalence of gastric erosions after eradication was higher in patients with less severe corpus atrophy or more severe corpus gastritis. CONCLUSIONS: Development of gastric erosions after H. pylori eradication may be controlled by acid suppression treatment. Less severe atrophy or more severe gastritis in oxyntic glands before eradication may be involved in the development of gastric erosions. These results support the idea that recovery of acid secretion may be one of factors for development of gastric mucosal erosions after successful eradication.
Biopsy↗
Ideal skin grafting for pyodermia chronica.
Three cases of pyodermia chronica were successfully treated with ideal split-thickness skin grafts. This method offers appropriate wound coverage after radical surgical excision in cases of extensive pyodermia chronica.
Adult↗
Effects of lifestyle modifications on patients with type 2 diabetes: the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS) study design, baseline analysis and three year-interim report.
BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modifications may affect the development of diabetes and prevent complications. However, there is no direct evidence to show that lifestyle intervention is beneficial for patients with established type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The ultimate goal is to determine whether long-term lifestyle intervention can improve glycemic control and prevent complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. This initial report on a multi-year study describes protocols and the analysis of baseline data and three-year interim results. DESIGN: The study was a randomized, controlled, multi-centre, prospective intervention trial. The trial included patients from 59 Japanese institutes specializing in diabetes care. PATIENTS: The study enrolled 2 205 patients with previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes. INTERVENTION: The lifestyle modification program included intensive lifestyle management at each outpatient clinic visit and frequent telephone counseling. The intervention group received educational materials concerning the importance of lifestyle and behavioural changes, a diary to record progress of laboratory and other data, and a pedometer. MEASUREMENTS: Parameters and indices related to glycemic control, diabetic complications, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and atherosclerosis were measured several times a year. RESULTS: Small but significant differences in HbA1c levels between the intervention (INT) and conventional (CON) therapy groups appeared as early as two years after the start of intervention and were maintained in the third year (CON group, 7.78 +/- 1.27 % vs. INT group, 7.62 +/- 1.20 %, the initial HbA1c level was 7.80 +/- 1.42 % for the CON group and 7.68 +/- 1.28 % for the INT group). Data on differences in occurrence of micro- or macrovascular complications are not yet available. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of lifestyle modification on improving the glycemic control of patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus was small but significant three years after initiation of the intervention.
Aged↗
Efficient selection of genomic clones from a female chicken bacterial artificial chromosome library by four-dimensional polymerase chain reactions.
A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 49,152 genomic clones was constructed from partially HindIII-digested female chicken embryo genomic DNA using the pBAC-Lac vector and maintained in 512 96-well plates. The mean insert size was approximately 150 kb, and the total library was estimated to contain about 3.2 times coverage of the diploid genome. In order to screen this library by the PCR, 296 BAC clone DNA samples were prepared: one sample each from 8 superpools (64 plates per superpool) and 36 samples of four-dimensionally (4-D) mixed clones from each superpool. A BAC clone of interest was selected by two-step PCR. First, 8 DNA samples representing superpools were subjected to PCR with a set of primers to amplify a part of the genomic sequence of interest. Second, 36 4-D DNA samples from the superpool that contained BAC clone(s) of interest were subjected to PCR with the same set of primers. The second step identified a plate and a well containing the BAC clone of interest. Selection of target BAC clone(s) from the whole library with the above procedure can be achieved within 1 to 4 d without using a radioactive probe. This procedure was applied successfully in the selection of BAC clones for Wpkci, chPKCI/HINT, ZOV3, and 17beta-HSD genes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Field test of methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes.
A methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes was developed and successfully demonstrated in a field test plant (0.5 m3/d). The system was composed of a screw-press dehydrator, a methanogenic digester, a sludge separator, an oxidation ditch (OD) and composting equipment. A performance evaluation was carried out regarding physical pre-treatment using the screw-press dehydrator, methane fermentation for pre-treated slurry, and post-treatment for digested effluent by OD. Total solids (TS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal by the screw-press pre-treatment were 38% and 22%, respectively. Properties of the screenings were as follows: water content 57%, ignition loss 93%, specific gravity 0.33. The pretreated strong slurry was digested under mesophilic conditions. Digestion gas (biogas) production rate was 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) and methane content of the biogas was 67%. CODCr removal of 65% with methane fermentation treatment of the slurry operating at 35 degrees C was observed. No inhibition of methane fermentation reaction occurred at the NH4(+)-N concentration of 3,000 mg/l or less during methane fermentation by the system. Mass balance from the present pilot-scale study showed that 1 m3 of mixture of excrement and urine of swine waste (TS 90 kg/m3) was biologically converted to 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) of biogas (methane content 67%), 100 kg of compost (water content 40%, ignition loss 75%), and 0.80 m3 of treated water (SS 30-70 mg/l).
Agriculture↗