Esophageal cancer detection with Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
N Watanabe
Publications and source records attributed to N Watanabe.
Prediction of mortality by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus screening blood pressure measurements: a pilot study in Ohasama.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prediction of mortality by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and screening blood pressure measurements in a general population. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We obtained blood pressure data for 1542 subjects (565 men and 977 women) aged > or = 40 years who were followed up for up to 8.1 years (mean 5.1 years). Subjects were subdivided into five groups according to their ambulatory and screening blood pressure levels. The prognostic significance of blood pressure for mortality was examined by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The association between blood pressure level and mortality was more distinctive for the ambulatory blood pressure than it was for the screening blood pressure. The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased significantly for the highest quintiles of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, whereas there was no significant association between the screening blood pressure and the cardiovascular mortality. When both 24 h and screening blood pressure values were included in the Cox model, only the systolic ambulatory blood pressure was related significantly to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The ambulatory blood pressure had a stronger predictive power for mortality than did the screening blood pressure. This appears to have been the first study of the prognostic significance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring versus screening blood pressure measurements in a general population.
Adult↗
Stereo fluoroscopy-assisted distal interlocking of intramedullary nails.
A simulation study of distal interlocking of an intramedullary nail was performed using newly devised, portable stereo fluoroscopy. Two intramedullary nails in which ten holes were drilled perpendicular to the long axis and at various angles to the diameter were inserted into a femoral and a tibial bone model. Ten drill bits were drilled freehand into the holes in the nail with the aid of the stereo fluoroscope. All twenty drill bits were seated in the holes in the first attempt. This instrument provides a three-dimensional view in real time, which enables the surgeon to appreciate the three-dimensional relationship between the drill bit and the hole in the nail in the bone model. Distal interlocking of the intramedullary nail is facilitated with the aid of this stereo fluoroscope.
Bone Nails↗
Sequential subtraction scintigraphy with 99Tcm-RBC for the early detection of gastrointestinal bleeding and the calculation of bleeding rates: phantom and animal studies.
To improve the detectability of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, we have developed a new method, 'sequential subtraction scintigraphy' (SSS) with 99Tcm-labelled red blood cells (RBC). Sequential subtraction scintigrams were obtained by subtracting 5 min interval images from each other using a digital gamma camera. With this method, we are able to detect the bleeding site and calculate the bleeding rate earlier because of the lower background activity. The results of the present study demonstrate that the minimum detectable bleeding rate was 0.05 ml min-1 in both a phantom and an animal model. The minimum detectable activity volumes within 10 min were 0.5 ml by SSS and more that 3 ml by conventional non-subtraction scintigraphy (CNS). The bleeding rates calculated with the subtraction method correlated well with the actual syringe pump rates. The detectability of GI bleeding by SSS and CNS in animal models was compared using the area under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The results showed that SSS significantly increased the area under the ROC curves from 0.55 +/- 0.05 to 0.79 +/- 0.04 for the 10 min image set and from 0.65 +/- 0.05 to 0.83 +/- 0.04 for the 30 min image set (Z = 5.45, P < 0.0001 and Z = 4.36, P < 0.0001, respectively). These results suggest that sequential subtraction scintigraphy with 99Tcm-RBC is an effective method for the early detection of GI bleeding when compared with the conventional non-subtraction method.
Adult↗
Role of endogenous cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin-A receptors in the development of acute pancreatitis in rats.
Recent studies provide significant evidence that cholecystokinin (CCK) is involved in the induction and development of acute pancreatitis in experimental animals. However, the results obtained with specific CCK-A (peripheral) receptor antagonists are still controversial. The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the involvement of endogenous CCK and the CCK-A receptors in the development of severe acute pancreatitis induced in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats that have a selective defect in the CCK-A receptor. Three models of severe acute pancreatitis were induced by retrograde intraductal infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate, by the closed duodenal loop, or by a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/100 g body weight of L-arginine in OLETF rats and control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. Plasma CCK levels rose up to 4- to 14-fold over the preloading values after the onset of acute pancreatitis in all three models in both groups of rats. However, histologic alterations as well as the magnitudes of increase in serum amylase and lipase activity and the pancreatic wet weight were significantly less in the OLETF rats than those in the LETO rats. In addition, 72 h after the onset of arginine pancreatitis, massive destruction of pancreatic parenchyma with a significant reduction in serum amylase and lipase activities and pancreatic wet weight was observed in the LETO rats, whereas these changes were not seen in OLETF rats. These results suggest that endogenous CCK and CCK-A receptors play a role in the development of severe acute pancreatitis in rats.
Acute Disease↗
Human parainfluenza virus type 2 phosphoprotein: mapping of monoclonal antibody epitopes and location of the multimerization domain.
The epitopes recognized by 42 monoclonal antibodies directed against the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) phosphoprotein (P) were mapped on the primary structure of the P protein by testing their reactivities with deletion mutants. By Western Immunoblotting with these monoclonal antibodies and P protein deletion mutants the region essential for P-P interactions was determined. The P protein region encompassing amino acids 211-248 was required for proper folding and oligomerization which is mediated by predicted coiled-coils in this region. The oligomer was shown to be a homotrimer by chemical cross-linking experiments.
Animals↗
Clinical observation of 14 cases of childhood polyarteritis nodosa in Japan.
An epidemiological survey of childhood polyarteritis nodosa was conducted at 1290 hospitals followed by a secondary survey of hospitals that had therapeutic experience with the disease. Fourteen cases obtained from these surveys were studied clinically. The male-female ratio was 4:3. The mean age at onset was 10.6 years. To established the diagnosis, skin biopsy was performed in 43%, retrograde aortography in 21%, and kidney biopsy in 14% of cases. Non-specific symptoms such as fever (86%), skin eruption (50%), arthritis (50%), myalgia (50%), abdominal pain (43%) and hypertension (36%) were often noted as clinical findings at the initial visit. Throughout the clinical course, symptoms considered to be caused by local angiopathy, including interrupted blood circulation, were frequently noted. On blood tests, no specific findings other than acute inflammatory reaction were observed. Steroid preparations were used for treatment in all cases but one, and about half of them are presently free from steroids. Immunosuppressants were administered in 10 cases. As for prognosis, all patients are alive, but untoward sequelae were noted in 36% of cases. The results of the present survey reinforced the difficulty of establishing a final differential diagnosis because specific findings were scarce for this disease, as stated in previous reports. Establishing a method for early diagnosis by gathering and analyzing more data in detail will be necessary in the future.
Child↗
Aortitis syndrome in children: clinical observation of 35 cases in Japan.
The results of clinical observation of 35 patients with aortitis syndrome (AS) in childhood, obtained by a nationwide survey in Japan, are reported. The male to female ratio was 1:2.5, the estimated age of onset averaged 10.2 years, and the duration from the estimated age of onset to the diagnosis averaged 15 months. In HLA examination A24, Bw52, Cw7 and DR2 were relatively common. Arterial lesions tended to extensively involve the aortic arch and its branches. Fever was the most frequently noted clinical symptom, followed by abdomen, joint and muscle pain. The physical findings in order of frequency were impaired circulation of the upper extremities, cardiac and vascular murmurs, hypertension, impaired cerebral circulation, visual disorder and impaired circulation of the pulmonary artery. The murmurs were found not only over the chest wall but also over the cervical area and abdomen. Pulselessness of the upper extremities occurred in 66% of patients. Percutaneous retrograde aortography and/or intravenous digital subtraction angiography to make the final diagnosis was employed except for three cases. There were not any specific abnormal signs in laboratory data. Steroid hormones were administered in 34 cases, and immunosuppressive agents in 8 cases. Five cases had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to the right renal artery as an interventional treatment. The high frequency of abdominal pain is considered to be one of the characteristics of AS in childhood. The high frequency of pulselessness of the upper extremities and cardiac and vascular murmurs in this report is considered significant for the diagnosis of AS in childhood.
Aortitis↗
[Detection of the thermostable lipase gene (lipAH) in clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila belonging to the major O serogroups O11, O16 and O34].
On the basis of DNA hybridization data and phenotypes, most pathogenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila are grouped into hybridization group 1 (HG1). These pathogenic strains secret the theromostable lipase, and it's gene (lipAH) has been cloned and sequenced. The present study was performed to identify the pathogenic strains of A. hydrophila by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the lipAH. Synthetic oligonucleotide primers (lipAH-ns-1 and -na-1) were used in the PCR. The PCR identified 80% of lipAH-positive strains, consisting of seven of the 11 O11 strains (64%), 13 of the 15 O16 strains (87%) and 25 of the 30 O34 strains (83%) in clinical isolates of A. hydrophila used in this study.
Aeromonas hydrophila↗
[Sporadic diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and characteristics of the isolates].
In 1996, we examined five domestic and eight imported cases of sporadic diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in Tokyo. The domestic cases occurred during the summer, from June to September, while the imported cases were seen throughout the year. The major clinical symptoms of the patients were watery diarrhea (100%) with an average frequency of 5.5 times/day, abdominal pain (77%), vomiting (31%) and fever (15%). A total of 13 strains isolated from these 13 cases had the typical biochemical characteristics of Vibrio cholerae, and were classified into 11 kinds of serovars (O2, O5, O8, O9, O12, O14, O27, O51, O88, O97, and O161). All strains produced hemolysin, and two strains produced NAG-ST, while no strain produced cholera toxin.
Adult↗
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of ER-35786, a new antipseudomonal carbapenem.
ER-35786 is a new parenteral 1 beta-methyl carbapenem with a broad antibacterial spectrum and a potent antipseudomonal activity. It showed high in vitro activity, comparable to those of meropenem and a new carbapenem, BO-2727, against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, with MICs at which 90% of strains tested are inhibited (MIC90S) of < or = 0.39 microgram/ml. Against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ER-35786 was the most active among the compounds tested, yet its MIC90 was 12.5 micrograms/ml. Against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, ER-35786 inhibited 90% of strains tested at a concentration of < or = 1.56 micrograms/ml. The MIC90 of ER-35786 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 3.13 micrograms/ml, and the compound was more active than meropenem. In addition, the activity of ER-35786 against imipenem-, meropenem-, cefclidin-, or ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa was equal to or higher than that of the most active reference compound. The in vivo activity of ER-35786 was consistent with this in vitro activity. The in vivo activity of ER-35786 was highest for systemic infection models with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and beta-lactam-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. In acute pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa, ER-35786 produced a greater reduction in the viable cell count in the lungs than did imipenem-cilastatin or meropenem.
Animals↗
Predictive value of home blood pressure measurement in relation to stroke morbidity: a population-based pilot study in Ohasama, Japan.
We investigated the utility of home blood pressure measurements for determining the risk of stroke. We also analyzed the relationship between home blood pressure and the incidence of stroke. Home blood pressure and screening blood pressure measurements were obtained from 1,789 residents (aged 40 yr or older) of a rural Japanese community. Blood pressure was measured at home with a semiautomatic device. A mean (+/-SD) of 23.0 +/- 7.5 measurements were made for each subject. Subjects without a history of stroke and who were not receiving medication for hypertension (n = 1,256) were prospectively followed up for 4.4 +/- 2.1 yr. Subjects were subdivided into quintiles according to their baseline blood pressure. The association between the baseline blood pressure and the incidence of the first-ever stroke was examined with the Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for age and sex. The lowest risk of stroke morbidity occurred in the subjects in the third quintile for home systolic blood pressure (117-123 mmHg) and in those in the second quintile for home diastolic blood pressure (66-70 mmHg). The subjects in the fifth quintiles for home systolic (> or = 133 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (> or = 81 mmHg) had a significantly increased risk of stroke morbidity. The subjects in the first and the second quintiles for home systolic blood pressure and those in the first quintile for home diastolic blood pressure tended to have an increased risk as compared with subjects in the lowest risk groups, although this increase was not statistically significant, indicating two possibilities: a trend toward a J-shaped relationship or no-decrease in risk of the first-ever stroke in subjects with home blood pressure level less than 123/70 mmHg. This relationship was not observed for screening blood pressure. We conclude that home blood pressure measurements can provide additional prognostic information to that obtained from blood pressure measurement in a medical environment.
Adult↗
Detection of minimal residual disease in cerebro-spinal fluid of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia with t(16;21)(p11;q22) translocation by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
We describe a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with t(16;21)(p11;q22) translocation, whose minimal residual disease (MRD) both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and bone marrow (BM) was monitored by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A TLS/ERG-FUS fusion transcript, which is known to be expressed by t(16;21)(p11;q22) translocation, was detectable by RT-PCR both in BM and CSF cells in the first complete remission, suggesting the existence of MRD. The disease relapsed 6 months after its onset and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was undergone. A TLS/ERG-FUS fusion transcript became rapidly below the detection level after PBSCT. These findings suggest the usefulness of RT-PCR for the detection of MRD in CSF, which contains a limited number of cells, as well as BM.
Adult↗
Changes in regional cortical temperature and cerebral blood flow after cortical spreading depression.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement by laser Doppler flowmetry and cortical temperature measurement using thermoencephaloscopy (TES) were performed to investigate the relationship between the changes in rCBF and cortical temperature after induced cortical spreading depression (CSD) in rats. TES showed a gradually expanding thermoresponse like an extending circular wave after CSD induced by application of KCl. Similarly, a transient increase in rCBF spread from the site of stimulation with a velocity of propagation of 2.5 mm/min. Simultaneous monitoring of rCBF and cortical temperature showed that the transient increase in rCBF was associated with an initial decrease in cortical temperature, followed by an increase in cortical temperature. We suggest that the cortical temperature is regulated mainly by neurogenic control of the pial microvascular blood supply that is precisely adjusted to the metabolic needs of the cerebral cortex. Non-injured cortex with the fine vascular architecture must be preserved during neurosurgery to allow heat transfer from deep areas of the cortex.
Animals↗
Nonradioisotopic telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) using digoxigenin labeled probe.
We have attempted to detect telomerase activity by Southern blot analysis using a digoxigenin labeled probe (5'-(CCCTTA)6CCCTAA-3') Telomerase activity was detected in all cancer cell lines that were tested, and:the lower limit for detection was 10(3) cells. Although telomerase activity was detected in colon cancer tissues, it was not found in adenoma or normal tissues. Telomerase activity was completely abrogated by heat and RNase treatment of the CHAPS extract. Our results demonstrate that this nonradioisotopic assay is safe and reliable for detecting telomerase activity in cancer cell lines and biopsy samples.
Blotting, Southern↗
[Study of non-visually induced smooth pursuit eye movements and their predictability using pseudorandom target motion].
It has been found that the smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are elicited by not only visual stimuli but also non-visual information such as the subject's fingertip movement and a moving sound source. We have already reported the quantitative analysis of SPEM which were induced by somatosensory and acoustic information. In the previous study, we used a sinusoidal waveform that could be highly predictable. Since it is wellknown that predictive control has an important role in the normal SPEM, we expect the predictive control to function in non-visually induced SPEM (NVSPEM). We quantitatively analyzed NVSPEM and normal SPEM evoked by pseudorandom target motion in ten human subjects who had no ocular, oculomotor or vestibular disorders. NVSPEM were induced by the following two non-visual targets: 1, subjects' fingertip motion as a somatosensory target ("Somato"), 2, a small loudspeaker (3-cm diameter.) generating white noise with an intensity of about 60 dB (A) as an acoustic target ("Acoustic"). A servo-controlled swing arm of 50cm was used to drive the subject's fingertip and the acoustic target of the small loudspeaker. The horizontal motion of the swing arm was controlled by a personal computer. The pseudorandom target motion was generated by mixing four sinusoids (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 Hz) of which the phases were randomly selected and the peak velocities were equally set at 19 deg/s. The mean peak velocity of the target was 26.2 deg/s and the amplitude was limited within 15 deg. Horizontal eye movements were recorded by DC electro-oculography and on an analogue datatape. The experiment was performed for 30 s in complete darkness so that the subjects' fingertip and loudspeaker as such remain invisible to the subject. Signals from the data recorder were smoothed by a low pass analogue filter of 20Hz, after digitization with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz and precision of 12 bits, and stored on a computer. The slow and quick eye movement components, both of which were present in each class of horizontal eye movement investigated, were identified and separated by a computer. Then we developed a method of automatic quantitative analysis of ocular tracking eye movement. Gain and phase values for the smooth pursuit eye movements were obtained in each condition. In the lower frequency area, the gain elicited by the pseudorandom stimulation was lower than the smooth pursuit gain for sinusoidal (predictable) stimulation in all conditions. In the highest frequency, gain values did not differ significantly among the three. For the sinusoidal stimulation, the phase of the smooth component of "Visual" always had a lag and that of "Somato" and "Acoustic" had a lead in lower frequencies. All conditions had a phase shift, decreasing with increasing frequency. For the pseudorandom stimulation the phase of the SPEM had a lead only in the lowest frequency (0.1 Hz). On the other hand, in the NVSPEM the phases of the three lower frequencies had a lead which had a tendency of a larger phase lead with decreasingly frequency. In the highest frequency (0.8 Hz), we could see a short phase lag. These findings support the idea that SPEM and NVSPEM have a mutual or similar physiologic system and overlap part of the anatomical pathway.
Adult↗
[Utility of daily oral administration of etoposide in 25 cases of refractory hematological malignancies].
We estimated the utility of daily oral administration of etoposide (ETOP) in 25 cases of refractory hematological malignancies who had been admitted to our hospital between February, 1988 and October, 1995. Patients were 9 cases of malignant lymphoma, 7 cases of adult T cell leukemia (ATL), 7 cases of acute leukemia, 1 case of primary macroglobulinemia, and 1 case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Eight cases were elderly patients over 65 years old, 7 cases were refractory to previous chemotherapies, and 13 cases were relapsed cases. ETOP was administered at 25 or 50 mg per day for at least more than 3 consecutive weeks, if the peripheral white blood cell count exceeded 1,000/microliter. Complete and partial responses were obtained in 64% of all cases, especially in 81% of malignant lymphoma and ATL. Probability of survival for 3 years of malignant lymphoma and ATL was 36.7%. As mild toxicities, 2 cases (8%) had nausea and vomiting, 2 cases (8%) had diarrhea, and 3 cases (12%) had stomatitis. Grade 3 leukocytopenia was observed in 16% of cases. Twelve out of 16 evaluable patients recovered in performance status (PS) after this therapy. Daily oral administration of ETOP might be an effective therapy for refractory hematological malignancies, especially for malignant lymphoma.
Administration, Oral↗
[A case of hypersensitivity type of liver injury induced by pyrimetamine and sulfadoxin (Fansidar)].
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Adult↗