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Biomedical subjects

N W Preston

Publications and source records attributed to N W Preston.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serotype specificity of vaccine-induced immunity to pertussis.

Two large epidemics of pertussis occurred in Britain during 1977-79 and 1981-83, following a decline in vaccine uptake in the mid-1970s. Serotype 1,3 predominated during both epidemics but serotypes 1,2 and 1,2,3 constituted 32% (243 of 769) of the isolates from unvaccinated children compared with only 10% (9 of 86) of the isolates from vaccinated children (p < 0.005). Whole-cell vaccines, although effective against infection with all serotypes, have a higher efficacy against serotypes 1,2 and 1,2,3 than against serotype 1,3. These data suggest that not only should acellular vaccines contain agglutinogens specific for each serotype but trials should demonstrate efficacy against all three serotypes.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1978

Machakos project studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. V. Pertussis sentypes in Kenyan children 1974--1975.

Cultures of Bordetella pertussis were isolated by pernasal swabs from Kenyan children in whom whooping-cough was suspected. Serotyping of 94 of these isolates was undertaken by four laboratories in Europe, and there was very close agreement in their typing results. Each laboratory found that the incidence of type 1, 3 was the lowest of the three types, and that there were approximately equal numbers of types 1, 2, 3 and 1, 2. No new serotype was found. This distribution of serotypes was found in all age-groups; and it is in marked contrast with that currently seen in vaccinated communities, where type 1, 3 predominates. The implications of these findings for vaccination against whooping-cough in East Africa are discussed.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1976

Protection by pertussis vaccine. Little cause for concern.

It was estimated from a survey of 418 children aged three weeks to twelve years with bacteriologically confirmed whooping-cough that about 95% of vaccinated children are protected by current vaccine. Protection could be increased even further by the greater use of adsorbed rather than plain vaccine and by closer adherence to a vaccination schedule. The lower incidence of infection, resulting from widespread acceptance of this highly effective vaccine, would also greatly reduce the exposure of infants who are too young to be immunished themselves; and eradication ow whooping-cough would be in sight.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1976

Mouse or man? Which are pertussis vaccines to protect?

Type 1 strains of Bordetella pertussis can infect mouse brain and have been recovered as type 1 organisms after death. When introduced into the naso-pharynx of the marmoset, they immediately acquired agglutinogen 2 or 3, and the resulting type 1,2 or 1,3 infection persisted for many weeks. As in the child, agglutinogens 2 and/or 3 appear to be essential for infection of the marmoset, whereas they are quite unnecessary in mouse brain. A vaccine (extract or whole cell) containing agglutinogen 1 may be sufficient to pass the mouse protection test but it may fail to immunize children. The mouse test is inadequate even for the screening of such extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Prevalent serotypes of Bordetella pertussis in non-vaccinated communities.

In many countries, the prevalent serotypes of Bordetella pertussis have changed from a mixture of types 1,2,3 and 1,2 (organisms possessing antigen 2) to a predominance of type 1,3. The timing of the change in different countries is shown to be related to the introduction of mass-vaccination with material rich in antigens 1 and 2 but weak in, or devoid of, antigen 3. In several parts of the world, there have been outbreaks of type 1,3 infection in fully vaccinated children. Non-vaccinated communities in various parts of the world still show the pattern of serotypes which existed elsewhere before mass-vaccination. In order to avoid the disappointments experienced in the past, it is essential that pertussis vaccine for use in previously non-vaccinated communities, like that for any other country, should be rich in each of the three antigens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Type-specific action of vibriocidal antibody on Vibrio cholerae.

The vibriocidal activity of Inaba and Ogawa antisera, from which cross-reacting agglutinin had been absorbed, was specific for Vibrio cholerae strains of the homologous serotype. No vibriocidal action against strains of the heterologous type was detected. The sera appeared to be equally effective in killing organisms of different biotypes (classical, intermediate, and EITor), provided that these were of the homologous serotype (Inaba or Ogawa). However, they had been raised against strains of the classical biotype only; and sera resulting from immunization with other biotypes had not been prepared. The implications of these findings in immunity to cholera are discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗