Biomedical subjects

N Uchiyama

Publications and source records attributed to N Uchiyama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Clinical Use of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography for Decision Making in Breast Conserving Surgery.

BACKGROUND: A reduction in local residual breast cancer is important to avoid local recurrence after breast conserving treatment (BCT). Previous studies suggested the usefulness of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) in detecting extensive intraductal component(EIC), which is associated with local recurrence. This study investigates the practical role of CE-CT in BCT. METHODS: In 130 women whose breasts were examined by CE-CT preoperatively, intraductal spread detected using ultrasound (US), mammography (MMG) and CE-CT, and EIC detected by histological examination were analyzed to determine possible correlations among the extent and subtypes of intraductal components. RESULTS: The sensitivities of EIC detection by US, MMG and CE-CT were 29%, 53% and 88%, respectively, and the corresponding specificities were 58%, 70% and 72%, respectively. In 6 patients, EIC could only be visualized using CE-CT. CE-CT demonstrated the extent of cancerous lesions more accurately than standard diagnostic modalities. Intraductal components with a higher histological grade tended to show stronger enhancement. Most false negative intraductal components obtained on CE-CT (6/7) were of a low histological grade. CONCLUSIONS: CE-CT is useful for visualizing EIC and small invasive foci of breast cancer, and can suggest the optimal extent of resection.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

Determination of simvastatin and its active metabolite in human plasma by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after derivatization with 1-bromoacetylpyrene.

By using a fluorescent derivatization and column-switching technique, a highly sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of simvastatin (I, beta-hydroxy-delta-lactone form) and its active hydrolyzed metabolite (II, beta,delta-dihydroxy acid form of I) in human plasma. A plasma sample spiked with internal standards was applied to a C8 solid-phase extraction column. Compounds I and II were separately extracted from plasma into two fractions. Compound I in one of the fractions was hydrolyzed to II. A fluorescent derivative was prepared by esterification of II with 1-bromoacetylpyrene in the presence of 18-crown-6 for both fractions. The pyrenacyl ester of II thus obtained was purified on a phenylboronic acid (PBA) solid-phase extraction column, and was measured by column-switching HPLC with fluorescence detection. The calibration curves for both I and II were linear in the concentration range of 0.1-10 ng/ml. The intra-day coefficients of variation were less than 11.0%, and the accuracies were between 91.7% and 117% within the concentration range for both analytes. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for both analytes were set to 0.1 ng/ml. This assay method has adequate sensitivity and selectivity to measure the concentrations of I and II in human plasma from clinical studies.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗

PubMed1997

Abdominal actinomycosis: barium enema and computed tomography findings.

A case of abdominal actinomycosis is described in a woman with recurrent right lower abdominal pain and low-grade fever without history of appendectomy. Past history included the use of an intrauterine device (IUD) until 10 years before manifestation of these symptoms. We followed up the patient, via diagnostic imaging, for 7 months. On initial barium enema, a polypoid lesion was visualized at the bottom of the cecum and there was constriction of the sigmoid colon; the appendix was not seen. Seven months later, poor extension at the cecum, severe constriction in the sigmoid colon, and narrowing of the terminal ileum were also visualized. On computed tomography (CT), the lesion was initially localized only in the ileocecal region adjacent to the sigmoid colon. After 7 months, the lesion had infiltrated adjacent anatomic components and showed direct infiltration of the pelvic space. Differential diagnosis was difficult, as it was not obvious whether this was a pelvic abscess due to inflammation or appendiceal carcinoma. Laparotomy was performed. Macroscopically, the lesion was not limited to the ileocecal region, but involved the right ureter, tubes the Fallopian and ovary, bladder, psoas muscle, and abdominal wall. Pathology findings showed, chronic inflammatory tissue with evidence of actinomycosis. Although previous reports have described a lack of specific findings in this disease. When actinomycosis is suspected, CT is recommended to define its extent.

Abdominal Abscess↗

PubMed1997

Alteration of E-cadherin and alpha N-catenin immunoreactivity in the mouse spinal cord following peripheral axotomy.

We examined the effects of peripheral axotomy on the immunoreactivity of E-cadherin and cadherin-associated protein alpha N-catenin in the spinal cord. E-cadherin is known to be exclusively expressed in lamina II of Rexed in the spinal cord dorsal horn. This expression disappeared by day 7 after axotomy and reappeared following nerve ligature (partial axonal regeneration model) on day 63. In contrast, it remained undetectable following nerve clipping (complete degeneration model). Alpha N-catenin was diffusely stained in the gray matter, and the immunoreactivity was specifically intense in the central canal and superficial dorsal horn. The expression of alpha N-catenin in the superficial dorsal horn was similarly reduced by day 7 after axotomy, but recovered by day 63 after nerve ligature. In contrast, it remained at the reduced level after nerve clipping. The alteration of alpha N-catenin immunoreactivity showed a similar pattern consistent with that of E-cadherin. Administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) rescued the immunoreactivity of substance P, which is known to disappear after peripheral axotomy, but not influence that of both E-cadherin or alpha N-catenin. These results clearly showed that peripheral axotomy simultaneously alters the immunoreactivity of E-cadherin and alpha N-catenin in the spinal cord, suggesting a correlation in the expression of both E-cadherin and alpha N-catenin in vivo. E-cadherin-alpha N-catenin complex might be crucial for plasticity of the spinal cord dorsal horn after peripheral axotomy.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Localization of E-cadherin in peripheral glia after nerve injury and repair.

Peripheral nerve injury results in histological and histochemical changes in neurons and glia. We have recently found that Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin plays an important role in the selective fasciculation of a particular subset of unmyelinated sensory fibers. In the present immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses, the temporal profile of the subcellular expression of this molecule in spinal nerves was examined after crushing, transecting, or ligaturing the sciatic nerve in mice with special attention paid to E-cadherin expression in glial cells. After axotomy of the sciatic nerve, distal axons of the proximal stump and the fibers of the distal stump degenerated, but E-cadherin was still detectable at the outer mesaxons of the myelinated axons as long as they remained morphologically intact. Subsequently, Schwann cells proliferated and migrated to form Schwann cell columns (Büngner's bands) as initial responses to denervation, and expressed E-cadherin at their site of contact with each other and later with sprouting axons. At the initial stage of myelin formation, slender processes of a single Schwann cell interdigitated with an enveloped axons, and expressed E-cadherin at the contact site elaborated by a single Schwann cell. Immunoblot analysis on day 7 revealed that E-cadherin was detected in both the proximal nerve segments and the regenerative distal segments, but was negative in the degenerative distal segments. On the basis of present data, it is suggested that E-cadherin might be involved in the stabilization of the peripheral glial network which provides the guidance of sprouting axons and myelination.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of a novel leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, MK-0591, in healthy volunteers.

1. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel 2-indolealkanoic acid derivative (MK-0591), a potent inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, were investigated in healthy male Japanese volunteers. Single oral doses of 50, 125, 250 and 500 mg and multiple oral doses of 125 mg twice daily for 9.5 days and 250 mg once daily for 10 days were administered. 2. After the single-dose administration following overnight fasting, Cmax and AUC of MK-0591 in plasma increased in a dose-dependent manner, while elimination half-life remained constant (11.2-13.2 h) irrespective of dose. Food intake decreased Cmax and AUC by 71% and 68%, respectively, at a dose of 250 mg. With respect to multiple-dose administration before meals, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the first and last days, indicating a lack of significant accumulation of MK-0591 in plasma. Urinary recovery as the unchanged form was negligible throughout the study. 3. Ionophore-stimulated production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in blood ex vivo was inhibited significantly from 1 h until 12 to 48 h after single-dose administration as compared with predose value. In parallel, the urinary excretion of endogenous leukotriene E4 (LTE4) was significantly decreased from 4 to 8 h until 48 to 72 h after drug administration. Reduction of ionophore-stimulated LTB4 biosynthesis and urinary excretion of LTE4 following single administration of MK-0591 was statistically significant as compared with placebo group, and the duration of inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis was dose-related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of E-cadherin in dorsal root ganglia, dorsal root and dorsal horn of postnatal mice.

Sensory neurons and associated glial cells are known to express the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. The cellular and subcellular localization of this molecule in the dorsal root ganglion, dorsal root, and spinal cord of postnatal mice was studied by the pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic labelling technique. In the dorsal root and the superficial layer of the dorsal horn, a subset of fasciculating unmyelinated axons expressed E-cadherin at their axon-axon contacts at all ages studied, and these axons were clustered together and segregated from E-cadherin-negative axons. In contrast, pre-myelinating large-diameter axons in P2 mice as well as myelinated axons in mice from P14 to adulthood were E-cadherin-negative. Glial cells also expressed E-cadherin: In the dorsal root ganglia, all of the satellite cells expressed E-cadherin at contact sites with neurons, other satellite cells, and basal lamina, at all ages studied. In dorsal roots from P14 to adulthood, myelin-forming Schwann cells expressed E-cadherin at the outer mesaxons and the contact sites with basal lamina. Non-myelin-forming Schwann cells occasionally stained for this molecule at contact sites with the plasma membrane of E-cadherin-positive axons and at other sites. These results strongly suggest that E-cadherin plays an important role in the selective fasciculation of a particular subset of unmyelinated sensory fibres, and also in glial cell contacts.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Treatment results of small cell lung cancer: referring to the clinical value of BAI combined with radiotherapy].

Results of 65 cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated from Jan. 1981 to May 1991 were reviewed. There were 58 male and 7 female patients and their age was ranging from 37 to 86 (mean 65). There were 41 limited disease (LD) and 24 extensive disease (ED) cases. According to TNM (UICC 1987) staging system, there were 2 cases of stage I, 4 of stage II, 9 of stage III A, 28 of stage III B and 22 of stage IV. Among 65 cases, 60 cases received radiotherapy and 55 cases of them received radiotherapy for primary site. There were 29 cases received radiotherapy combined with BAI (bronchial artery infusion) and 20 cases received systemic chemotherapy. On survival, the 2-year survival rate was 26% and MST was 13 months in LD patients (n = 41). No 2-year survivors were seen in ED patients and MST was 10 months. Tumor response of primary site was as follows. In systemic chemotherapy group, CR 35%, PR 59%, NC 6% and PD 0% before radiotherapy and CR 59% after radiotherapy were obtained. In BAI group (including BAI + systemic chemotherapy), CR 6% and PR 88% before radiotherapy in BAI group. BAI did not seem to improve response rate compared to systemic chemotherapy. On survival, BAI group did not show significant better survival compared to BAI (-) group in LD cases (n = 31). In responders (evaluable LD cases, n = 24), the MSTs were 25 months in CR cases and 13 months in PR cases. No 2-year survivors were seen in PR cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Percutaneous injection of cisplatin lipiodol suspension (CLS) in rabbit lung, aiming at intratumoral injection therapy for lung cancer].

Cisplatin lipiodol suspension (CLS: cisplatin 20 mg/ml) was percutaneously injected (cisplatin dose, 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg) in normal lungs of 10 rabbits (1.9-2.3 kg) to assess the safety and feasibility of intratumoral injection of CLS for lung cancer. Histological study revealed acute and chronic infiltrates with bronchiolitis and immature fibrosis at the injected lung tissue even at four weeks after injection. Intrathoracic leaks of CLS produced mild and focal fibrinous pleuritis. Intrabronchial leaks of CLS produced peripheral bronchiolitis with regenerative epithelia. However, no noxious parenchymal damage in the lung and surrounding tissues was noted. Neither oil embolism in brain nor renal toxicity was demonstrated. Seven of eight rabbits showed an increase in body weight. Concentration levels of plasma platinum were lower when compared with intravenous injection of cisplatin in the rabbit: highest at 30 minutes and unmeasurable one week after injection. Lipiodol accumulation in mediastinal lymph nodes was demonstrated in two of nine rabbits by X-ray examination, suggesting intralymphatic drainage of CLS. Intratumoral injection of CLS is safe even with CLS leaks in surrounding normal lung tissues and may be a potent therapy for controlling mediastinal lymph nodes metastasized from lung cancer as well as the primary tumor.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1992

[Complications of arterial infusion of CDDP in the treatment of malignant neoplasms].

Arterial infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) is an effective therapy for malignant neoplasms. Severe complications after this therapy in 298 patients with malignant tumors were reviewed in our institute from March 1982 to August 1989. Arteries infused with CDDP and the number of infusions were as follows: bronchial artery (a.) 277, hepatic a. 153, internal iliac a. 51, femoral or popliteal a. 15, lumbar a. 6, pulmonary a. 5, esophageal a. 3 and intercostal a. 3. Eight cases of severe complications were encountered: 3 of esophageal ulcer, 3 of spinal paralysis, and one each of mediastinitis and toe necrosis. The arteries responsible for complications were the bronchial a. in 3 cases of esophageal ulcer and 2 of spinal paralysis, intercostal a. in one of spinal paralysis, esophageal a. in one of mediastinitis and popliteal a. in toe necrosis. Complication rates were 2.7% (8/298 cases) and 1.5% (8/518 infusions). Angiotensin II was infused in 6 of 8 of the cases with complications. The complication rate was 2.9% (6/209 infusions) in the group with CDDP and angiotensin II and 0.6% (2/309 infusions) in the group with CDDP only. Arterial infusion of CDDP, especially combined with angiotensin II, should be done in consideration of the arteries responsible for such complications.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[Combined treatment of invasive bladder cancer by intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin with or without other anticancer agents and concurrent radiotherapy--initial response and side effects].

Fourteen patients with invasive bladder cancer were treated by bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of cisplatin, with or without other anticancer agents, and concurrent radiotherapy. Angiotensin II was simultaneously infused in 10 cases. Of the 14 patients, complete response and partial response were achieved in 9 (64%) and 3, respectively. Hematuria was controlled in all 8 patients, and pain was relieved in 3 of 4 patients. Side effects were observed in 8 patients: appetite loss in 8, nausea and/or vomiting in 7, and leukocytopenia in 6 patients, in 3 of whom radiotherapy had to be intermittent because of severe leukocytopenia (less than 2000/mm3). However, restoration of leukocytopenia occurred one week later. Thus, intra-arterial anticancer agents including cisplatin together with concurrent radiation may be one of the most effective therapies for invasive bladder cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Angiographic features of alveolar soft-part sarcoma].

The angiographic findings were analyzed in five patients with alveolar soft-part sarcoma. The angiographic appearance of the tumors was the same in all five cases: hypervascularity of the tumor including encasement, dilatation, tortuosity and displacement of feeding arteries, remarkable tumor stain and early venous filling. These angiographic findings are considered to be characteristic of alveolar soft-part sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of hypervascular soft tissue mass.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Results of radiotherapy combined with BAI (bronchial artery infusion) for non-small cell lung cancer--analysis of 104 cases].

Results of 104 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by radiotherapy combined with BAI (bronchial artery infusion) were analyzed retrospectively. In 104 cases (84 males and 20 females), 14 cases of stage I, 10 of stage II, 33 of stage IIIA, 29 of stage IIIB and 18 cases of stage IV were included. Overall cumulative survival rate was 11.4% and 50% survival time was 12 months. On PS (performance status), 50% survival time was 1 year and 3 months for both PS 0 and PS 1, 8 months for PS 2 and 2 year for PS 3 (n = 3), respectively. On stage, 50% survival time was 3 year and 4 months for stage I, 1 year and 2 months for stage II, 12 months for stage IIIA, 11 months for stage IIIB and 8 months for stage IV. There was no significant difference of survival rate between squamous cell carcinoma (n = 41) and adenocarcinoma (n = 43). On anticancer agents used for BAI, CDDP group (n = 68) showed better significant 2-year survival rate than that of MMC and/or ADR group (n = 36). Response rate (CR + PR) was 85% (75/88) by radiotherapy with BAI, and 10 cases of CR were obtained. Among 27 cases of 2-year survivors, 21 cases of responders (CR + PR) were included and 4 cases of them showed CR. On these results, radiotherapy combined with BAI seemed to contribute to improve long-term treatment results of NSCLC by higher response rate with the progress of anticancer agent used for BAI.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Kinetic estimation of infused Lipiodol within a hepatoma using a CT dynamic study].

Distribution of Lipiodol within hepatic tumor was evaluated using serial computed tomography. Imagistic Lipiodol transition into the tumor via hepatic artery was slower than that of water soluble contrast medium, spreading to central part first and turn to peripheral part of the tumor. This method was thought to be useful to clarify Lipiodol distribution in hepatic tumor and to decide the method or necessity of additional trans-arterial therapy.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Three-dimensional analysis of condylar hyperplasia with computed tomography.

Three-dimensional surface reconstruction imaging from CT scans was used to study the deformity of the mandible in six patients with mandibular asymmetry. High-resolution axial CT scans of the mandible were obtained using Somatom-DR3 (Siemens). COSMOZONE-2SA (Nikon) with PC-9801VX21 (NEC) was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional images. The six patients were divided into two groups. One group was classified as unilateral hybrid forms and the other group was classified hemimandibular elongation on the diagnostic criteria of Obwegeser and Makek (1986). In the three-dimensional surface reconstruction, exact location and the degree of the deformity in the region from the ascending ramus to the condylar head and the lingual aspect from the ascending ramus to the mandibular body were accurately represented. In addition, the three-dimensional images could be easily rotated arbitrarily, precise evaluation could be done at every part of the mandible. On diagnosis, the mandibular morphology classified into the unilateral hybrid forms was presumed to vary from case to case even in the same classification.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Male-specific metabolism of simvastatin by rat liver microsomes.

Simvastatin was more effectively metabolized by the liver microsomes of male rats than females. The sex difference appeared in the composition of the metabolites. Two male-specific metabolites were identified by NMR and mass spectrometry as 3''-hydroxy and 3',3''-dihydroxy-delta 4',5' derivatives of simvastatin.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[A case of multiple primary cancers, hepatoma and seminoma, detected by 67Ga citrate and 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy].

A case of multiple primary cancers, hepatoma and seminoma, was detected by 67Ga citrate and 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy. 67Ga citrate accumulated in the chest wall, the hepatic lesion and the testis. 99mTc-HIDA accumulated in the chest wall. Therefore we suspected that the chest wall lesion was a tumor metastasized from hepatocellular carcinoma and another cancer was present in the testis. After these examinations orchiectomy and needle biopsy were done. Pathologically, the testicular tumor was seminoma and hepatic and chest wall tumors were hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson-II).

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1990

Differentiation of bronchogenic carcinoma from secondary changes, obstructive pneumonitis and/or collapse by I-123 IMP lung imaging.

Serial lung images with N-isopropyl-p-[I-123]-iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) were obtained to assess the imaging findings and to clarify the lesion to uptake relationships in 74 lesions in 73 patients with various histological types of bronchogenic carcinoma. A decreased uptake area was observed in all 74 lesions in the initial one or two-min I-123 IMP image. The initial image was analogous to a Tc-99m MAA lung perfusion image in 70 patients in whom both lung imaging procedures were performed. The imaging findings changed following this initial phase. At 4 hr, the lesion was depicted as either areas of decreased uptake or increased uptake or a combination of the two. Comparison between the lesion findings in the 4-hr I-123 IMP images, radiograms and removed specimens revealed that areas of decreased uptake corresponded to the cancerous portions of the lung mass or pleural effusion and areas of increased uptake corresponded to inflammatory portions including obstructive pneumonitis and/or collapse. Thus, the 4-hr I-123 IMP lung images can be used to discriminate the cancerous portion from associated secondary changes, obstructive pneumonitis and/or collapse.

Adenocarcinoma↗