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Biomedical subjects

N Tinanoff

Publications and source records attributed to N Tinanoff.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Dental caries risk assessment and prevention.

Although dental caries in preschool children has declined in the past 20 years, the decrease is not observed equally across all populations. Considerable benefit could be achieved if the children at high risk could be identified before lesions develop. The best predictors of dental caries in preschool children are previous caries history, especially nursing bottle caries, and the salivary mutans streptococci levels. Other caries risk factors include inadequate oral hygiene practices, deficient fluoride exposure, low socioeconomic status, and familial caries patterns. Children at high caries risk should be considered for more intensive home fluoride programs, such as brushing the child's teeth with a pea-size amount of either 0.4% SnF2 or 1.1% NaF gels. Frequent professional fluoride treatments can be substituted if there is poor compliance with home programs. There is little documentation that dietary modification and plaque control and sealant programs are cost-effective measures for preventing caries in preschool children.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1994

Dental caries in preschool Beijing and Connecticut children as described by a new caries analysis system.

A total of 625 children, 3-4 yr old, 426 from Connecticut Head Start programs and 199 from Beijing area nursery schools, were clinically examined for dental caries. Results were analyzed using the traditional dmfs index as well as a new "Caries Analysis System". This new system differentiated between caries patterns and examined the percentage of affected children (Prevalence), the degree to which these children were affected (Severity) and the proportion of total caries each disease pattern represented (Distribution). The Caries Analysis System revealed differences in caries experience and patterns among the racial/ethnic groups that the dmfs index did not. The Beijing children experienced the greatest Prevalence of all caries patterns; however, the Severity and Distribution of the caries patterns were similar to those of the Connecticut children. Within the group of Connecticut children, White children had the lowest Prevalence but the greatest Severity when compared with the Black and Hispanic children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Dental caries prevalence and treatment among Navajo preschool children.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the dental health of Navajo preschool children, a population about whom little dental information is published. METHODS: Caries data were collected and analyzed for 2,003 Navajo children aged 3-5 years in the Head Start program, and for a convenience sample of 115 children younger than three years old from the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. RESULTS: Each age group had an extremely high mean dmfs; however, as much as 70 percent of this index comprised treated surfaces. Maxillary anterior caries was observed in the WIC children under two years of age and posterior proximal caries was observed as early as two years of age. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries reached a maximum of 68 percent in the three-year-old Head Start children, and may be associated with the high level of posterior caries in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Most children in this population may be considered at risk for developing caries. This Navajo preschool population has perhaps the earliest caries onset, among the highest caries prevalence, and among the highest level of treatment of any reported population.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1993

Mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in preschool children.

Numerous studies have reported a correlation between mutants streptococci levels and dental caries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary mutans streptococci levels and caries in preschool children of low socioeconomic status. A total of 462 Head Start children, mean age 3.8 yr (range 2.0-5.3 yr), were examined by the modified method of Radike. Saliva samples from 458 of these children were collected with tongue blades and impressed onto mutants streptococci selective agar. Children's mutants streptococci levels were categorized as low (0 CFU), moderate (1-50 CFU) or high (> 50 CFU), and the mean dmfs was 0.40, 1.92 and 4.88, respectively. All study groups (Black, Hispanic and White) had infection rates of approximately 83%; however, 39.1% of Black children had high mutans streptococci levels compared with 28.4% of White children. Pit/fissure caries was the most prevalent disease type in children with moderate or high mutants streptococci levels, although White children in the high group had significantly less of this pattern than Blacks and Hispanics. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the high mutants streptococci group were 91.3%, 57.5%, 69.3% and 86.3%. Results from this study indicate that differences between Black, Hispanic and White preschool children may influence caries activity within populations that have similar mutants streptococci infection levels and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Maxillary anterior caries associated with increased caries risk in other primary teeth.

It has been suggested that children with caries of maxillary anterior primary teeth may have increased caries incidence in other teeth. This study aimed to quantify the extent of posterior dental caries in those children who initially presented with maxillary anterior caries compared with that of those who did not. Data were collected for 217 Head Start children participating in a one-year study to determine caries risk factors. Tooth surfaces were recorded as carious, restored, or extracted (missing due to caries). Caries was then categorized into the following pattern(s): maxillary anterior (MA), pit/fissure (PF), posterior proximal (PP), and posterior buccal/lingual smooth surface (BL). Compared with children who did not initially present with the maxillary anterior pattern, those with the maxillary anterior pattern had 2.5 times (p < 0.01) the mean number of posterior decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) and approximately 3 times the prevalence (p < 0.01) of the PP and BL patterns. The positive predictive value of the MA pattern was 86.8% for children who developed the PF pattern, and the negative predictive values were greater than 91% for children who did not develop the PP and BL patterns. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries among children in this study is associated with a significantly greater caries incidence in posterior teeth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during, and after orthodontic treatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in patients before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. S. mutans levels were significantly elevated during active treatment. However, when sampled 6 to 15 weeks into the retention phase of treatment, the microbial levels decreased significantly to levels comparable to age-matched untreated controls. In addition, patients who were no longer wearing any retention appliances had S. mutans levels similar to those subjects sampled in the retention phase of treatment as well as to subjects in age-matched control groups. The findings of the study suggest that orthodontic treatment does not result in any long-term elevations of S. mutans levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A modified mitis salivarius medium for a caries diagnostic test.

A new medium, MSKB, composed of mitis salivarius agar base, sorbitol, kanamycin sulfate and bacitracin, has been developed that is more selective for recovery of mutans streptococci (mutans) than the so called mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) medium. MSB and MSKB were compared for recovery and selectivity of mutans by plating saliva samples as well as pure cultures on both media. Sixty saliva samples were plated and counted for mutans and non-mutans colonies. Thirty-six samples had greater numbers of non-mutans on MSB than on MSKB, and 14 of the 36 had non-mutans colonies that could be visually confused with mutants. The recovery of mutans on MSKB was approximately 13% less than on MSB. The selectivity and recovery of MSB and MSKB were evaluated over 1-5 months of storage at 4 degrees C. Streptococcus anginosus grew on MSB after 1 month, but not on MSKB. Streptococcus milleri type 2 grew on both media after 4 months.

Bacitracin↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and microbiological effects of daily brushing with either NaF or SnF2 gels in subjects with fixed or removable dental prostheses.

61 adults, with fixed or removable dental protheses, completed a 6-month double-blind trial comparing the clinical and microbial effects of brushing twice daily with either 0.22% NaF or 0.4% SnF2. Those subjects brushing with SnF2 had less gingivitis and fewer bleeding sites for both "total teeth" and "abutment teeth". Plaque scores between groups were only statistically different for the "abutment teeth". The microbial parameters, salivary S. mutans and subgingival plaque total CFU, were significantly reduced in the SnF2 group. In both treatment groups, there was a reduction over the course of the study in the number of subjects with recoverable A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides, yet there was no difference between groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Screening preschool children for dental caries using a microbial test.

The present report describes the usefulness of a microbial caries screening test in a population of children younger than 6 years. Two hundred children presenting to a private pediatric dental office were screened for Streptococcus mutans using a test adapted for the dental office. The numbers of S. mutans colonies were recorded semiquantitatively and carious lesions were assessed clinically and radiographically. Ninety-three per cent of children with caries were positive on the test (sensitivity), while 57% of the infected children had caries (specificity). Uninfected children were almost always caries free (predictive value negative 95%). The results also showed an increasing percentage of children with caries in groups of children with increasing infection level. These findings are consistent with both the central role of S. mutans in caries initiation and the multifactorial nature of caries development. The dramatically better results in the present report may reflect a closer correlation between caries activity and S. mutans infection in younger than in older children. Microbial screening may be useful for identification of young children infected with cariogenic microorganisms so that preventive and therapeutic treatments can be tailored to the needs of individual patients.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Effects of NaF and SnF2 on growth, acid and glucan production of several oral streptococci.

The effects of low concentrations of these fluorides on Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitior and Streptococcus sanguis were investigated. Without fluoride, mutans streptococci (Strep. mutans and Strep. sobrinus) produced more acid than the other strains; both fluorides reduced acid production in all strains. NaF had little effect on growth; SnF2 decreased growth in all strains, most evidently in the Strep. mutans. In all growth conditions, Strep. sobrinus produced the most alkali-soluble glucan. Both fluorides enhanced alkali-soluble glucan production in mutans streptococci while only SnF2 enhanced this in the other streptococci.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Safety and antibacterial properties of controlled release SnF2.

Two clinical studies were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an intracoronal device for the controlled release of SnF2. SnF2-polycarboxylate cement, containing approximately 72 mg F-, was placed in subjects' molars requiring two-surface restorations. In the trial for safety, eight subjects had the restoration in place for 34 days. The salivary fluoride levels were elevated to a mean of 0.3/10(6) over the experimental period. Urinary fluoride levels were only above baseline levels during the first few days. The restoration's physical properties were adequate; however, subjects experienced gingival irritation in areas where the restoration was contacted with gingiva. In the trial for efficacy, fourteen subjects had either a SnF2-polycarboxylate or a placebo restoration placed in a molar tooth during a 2 week period of no oral hygiene. During the experimental period, the control subjects had higher levels of salivary total CFU, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans: while the subjects with the SnF2 restoration had increased S. sanguis and decreased S. mutans levels. No differences in G.I. or PL 1 scores were noted between groups. Further development of this controlled release system should include using the SnF2-polycarboxylate restoration in more than one tooth per subject to increase the fluoride reservoir, and not allowing the restoration to contact gingival tissues.

Adult↗