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Biomedical subjects

N Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to N Taylor.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor localization in brain by electron microscopic autoradiography.

Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were labeled by the potent, specific, irreversible muscarinic cholinergic antagonist propylbenzilylcholine mustard. Slices of rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex were labeled in vitro under conditions such that workable specific to non-specific ratios of receptor binding were obtained. Light microscopic autoradiography of 1 micrometer sections revealed a limited penetration of drug into the tissue and, by grain counts, confirmed the specific to non-specific ratios observed in preliminary biochemical studies. Examination of thin sections with the electron microscope revealed a significant fraction of (but not all) autoradiographic grains associated with synapses. This fraction was reduced in tissues coincubated with quinuclidinylbenzilate to produce blanks. These results indicate an enrichment of cholinergic muscarinic receptors at synapses.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. I. Micronucleus formation in fetal and maternal mouse erythroblasts.

A cell-kinetic model for the application of the micronucleus test to polychromatic erythrocytes in mouse fetal liver, fetal blood, and maternal bone marrow after exposure to clastogenic agents is described. The time of expression and dose-response relationships obtained with gamma-radiation, methyl methanesulphonate, procarbazine, mitomycin C and benzo[a]pyrene are analysed in terms of this model. The numbers of target cells damaged per unit dose has been calculated and the dose equivalents obtained. Maternal and fetal cells show similar sensitivity to gamma-radiation, but fetal cells are markedly more sensitive to MMS and procarbazine. This probably due to differences in tissue distribution and metabolism. Maternal and fetal erythroid tissues can show linear and exponential dose-response relationships, which may not coincide (e.g. with MMS). It is concluded that risks from fetal exposure to genotoxic agents cannot be reliably predicted from in vivo tests restricted to adult animals. However, the micronucleus technique applied to fetal erythroid cells provides a rapid and reliable short-term test, appropriate to minimising risks of genome damage during prenatal development.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Seasonal variation in cell mediated immunity of clinically normal dogs.

A whole blood lectin-induced lymphocyte stimulation test, using Con A and PHA, was used to assess the cell mediated immune status of 52 beagle dogs over a period of 16 months. The data indicated the presence of a seasonal variation in immune response with the peak estimated to be in July and an estimated trough in January. The relative amplitudes around the mean, for the two mitogens, were about 50%, so that the responses on lymphocyte division ranged from 50 to 150% of the mean during the course of the year. The possible implications of this finding for human health are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Tuberculosis.

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England↗
PubMed1978

Role of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

Tissue cultures were performed on stools from 189 patients to detect a cytopathic toxin which is neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Specimens satisfying these criteria were considered positive in the tissue culture assay. Stools from 26 of 27 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis were positive and 16 of these specimens showed toxin titers of 10(-3) dilutions or greater. The tissue culture assay was positive with specimens from 9 of 63 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea without documented pseudomembrane formation. Stools from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls were uniformly negative in this assay. Cultures were performed on stools from 38 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea or colitis to detect clostridia which produce a cytopathic toxin in vitro. Clostridium difficile was recovered from 6 of 8 specimens which were positive in the tissue culture assay and 5 of 30 which were negative in this assay. C. sordellii was recovered in a single specimen. One hundred and nine clostridia strains were tested in the tissue culture assay and C. difficile was the only species which produced a cytopathic toxin. All strains of this organism were positive in the tissue culture assay and, in each instance, cytotoxicity was neutralized by C. sordellii antitoxin. These results indicate that C. difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and offer an explanation for previous studies showing that the cytotoxin of stools from these patients is neutralized by C, sordellii antitoxin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Methadone blockade in the treatment of opiate addiction: a follow-up study.

This paper describes methadone blockade treatment of 50 opiate addicts. At follow-up, 36 patients were traced and interviewed. Results show that 89% of the 36 patients cooperated with the treatment programme, 88% had no new criminal convictions and 75% remained drug-free, apart from taking methadone during the follow-up period (mean, 12-5 months). Five of the 36 patients were free of all drug addictions, including methadone.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Canine osteosarcoma karyotypes from an original tumor, its metastasis, and tumor cells in tissue culture.

Radiation-induced osteosarcoma, its metastasis, and cells grown in tissue culture were karyotyped. Both hypodiploid and hyperdiploid stem lines were observed. The hypodiploid line contained 45-55 chromosomes with 10-15 abnormal metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes and one subtelocentric marker. The hyperdiploid line contained 90-105 chromosomes with 20-30 abnormal metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes with two subtelocentric markers. Karyotypic analysis can be used to monitor osteosarcomas maintained in tissue culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Verlo orthosis: experience with different developmental levels in normal children.

Fifty-three normal children ranging in age from 11 to 36 months were trained to ambulate 3 meters in the Verlo brace using a walkerette. The children were divided into five age groups: 11 to 15 months, 17 to 21 months, 22 to 27 months, 29 to 34 months, and 35 to 36 months. The age groups were compared with respect to the percentage in each group that completed the training protocol and the average number of minutes required by those subjects to do so. Results ranged from a low 36 percent completion with an average training time of 366 minutes in the youngest age group to a high of 100 percent completion with an average training time of 70 minutes in the oldest age group. There was an increasing tendency in the three older groups to resist getting into the brace.

Age Factors↗