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Biomedical subjects

N Tarrier

Publications and source records attributed to N Tarrier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An uncontrolled study of cognitive therapy for morbid jealousy.

Thirteen patients presenting with morbid jealousy were treated using a cognitive approach adapted from Beck's cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitions in morbid jealousy showed the characteristics of automatic thoughts as described by Beck, and were based on faulty assumptions derived from interpretations of past experiences. The cognitive treatment directed mainly at the faulty assumptions resulted in improvements in ten patients and no change in one; two patients dropped out of treatment. The results are considered encouraging.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Community management of schizophrenia. A two-year follow-up of a behavioural intervention with families.

The relapse and readmission rates of schizophrenic patients who participated in a controlled trial of a nine-month behavioural family intervention trial based on the EE status of their relatives are presented at two years. The patients who received the behavioural family intervention had lower rates of relapse and readmission than patients from high-EE homes who had received a short educational programme or routine treatment. The relapse rate of the behavioural family intervention group (33%) was the same as that of the low-EE group (33%), and significantly lower than that of the non-intervention high-EE group (59%).

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

The assessment of psychophysiological reactivity to the expressed emotion of relatives of schizophrenic patients.

The measure of expressed emotion (EE) of the relative has been found to be an important predictor of schizophrenic relapse. Electrodermal measures were recorded when the schizophrenic patient was talking to an experimenter, and when the patient was talking to a relative. Although there were no differences during the relative-absent period, patients with a high-EE relative present exhibited significantly higher frequencies of non-specific skin-conductance responses (NS-SCRs) than patients with a low-EE relative present. Patients show a significant decrease in NS-SCRs on the entry of low-EE, but not high-EE relatives. Patients with high-EE relatives show overall higher levels of skin-conductance levels (SCLs) than patients with low-EE relatives. Although patients with high-EE relatives rate themselves significantly more tense and anxious on self-rating scales, there are no significant correlations between self-ratings and electrodermal measures. The use of electrodermal reactivity as an assessment measure of relapse risk is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The community management of schizophrenia. A controlled trial of a behavioural intervention with families to reduce relapse.

Schizophrenic patients were recruited into a trial of a prophylactic behavioural intervention with families. Families with at least one high Expressed Emotion (EE) relative were randomly allocated to one of four intervention groups: Behavioural Intervention Enactive; Behavioural Intervention Symbolic; Education Only; Routine Treatment. Patients from low-EE families were randomly allocated to two groups: Education Only or Routine Treatment. Relapse rates over nine months after discharge were significantly lower for patients in the two Behavioural Intervention, compared with Education Only and Routine Treatment groups. There was little difference between the two low-EE groups. Patients returning to high-EE relatives showed significantly higher relapse rates than those returning to low-EE relatives, in groups not receiving active intervention. Changes from high to low EE occurred in the Behavioural Intervention groups, and similar although less extensive changes occurred in the Education Only and Routine Treatment groups. Changes in criticism and marked emotional over-involvement (EOI) occurred generally in high-EE groups but were larger in magnitude in the Enactive and Symbolic groups. Reduction of hostility only occurred in the Behavioural Intervention groups. These results give partial support for the causal role of EE in relapse. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to contact with the psychiatric services or medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An investigation of residual psychotic symptoms in discharged schizophrenic patients.

Twenty-five patients who had been discharged back into the community after an acute schizophrenic episode but who still experienced residual psychotic symptoms were interviewed to elicit the antecedents, consequences and coping strategies of their symptoms. Fifty-two per cent were able to identify antecedent stimuli and 92 per cent still experienced negative consequences, mainly anxiety. Seventy-two per cent were able to specify coping strategies. Cognitive and behavioural strategies were most frequently cited. However 28 per cent of patients reported that their strategies were of little or no effect and 25 per cent of all strategies were reported ineffective. Patients using multiple strategies were more successful at coping.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Assessing the functional value of relatives' knowledge about schizophrenia: a preliminary report.

An instrument for assessing and evaluating what relatives know about schizophrenia was evaluated as both a pre- and a post-test for an educational programme. The Knowledge About Schizophrenia Interview (KASI) places emphasis on the functional value of the reported knowledge rather than on the recall of information; it is quick, easy to administer, can be rated reliably, and has face-validity for the relative. The educational programme increased scores from pre-test to a post-test one week after the programme. Relatives with high criticism ratings on the Camberwell Family Interview had lower scores at both tests. Relatives of less chronic patients showed lower scores at pre-test and acquired significantly more information from the programme, while relatives of more chronic patients were less influenced by the information sessions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Applied relaxation training for generalised anxiety and panic attacks: the efficacy of a learnt coping strategy on subjective reports.

The results of applied relaxation training in patients with generalised anxiety and panic attacks are reported. ART was taught during one session, by means of participant demonstration, written instructions, taped instructions, or a combination of all three, with instructions to practice at home. All four methods proved superior to a waiting list control, but there were no differences between the treatment groups. There was some evidence for the non-specific effect of expectancy, but this did not completely explain the treatment effect.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Providing information to relatives about schizophrenia: some comments.

There has recently been an increased interest in providing relatives of schizophrenic patients with information about the illness and how to manage the patient at home, due partly to the development of psychosocial intervention programmes (which frequently include an educational component) and a consumer demand for such information in an era of community care. Studies which describe the effects of such educational programmes are reviewed, and two different models of information acquisition are contrasted. These models have different implications, in terms of outcome measures, on how educational programmes should be evaluated. Guidelines are offered for practitioners wishing to give information to relatives.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of depression in cancer patients.

One hundred and fifty-two women undergoing mastectomy were randomly assigned to routine care or routine care plus monitoring by a specialist nurse. The nurse detected and referred 76% of her patients for psychiatric help. Only 15% of the routine care subjects that warranted help were referred. Twelve to eighteen months after surgery, morbid anxiety and depression were less common in the monitored (5% and 5%) than in the control (30% and 50%) group. This difference appeared to be due primarily to psychiatric treatment which included antidepressant medication, anxiolytic drugs, and supportive psychotherapy. Few affective disorders remitted without such treatment. In a further study, the effects of antidepressant medication plus cognitive therapy and cognitive therapy alone were compared. Both treatments alleviated depression in the short term but the improvement was sustained in the long term only in those given combined treatment.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1984

'Psychosocial' interventions with families and their effects on the course of schizophrenia: a review.

Recent interest in the way social factors influence the course of schizophrenia has led to attempts to monitor and manipulate these factors. The work on the Expressed Emotion of the relative has been especially influential in this area. A number of studies have now been conducted in which a psychosocial intervention has been employed in an attempt to prevent relapse after discharge from hospital. These studies are reviewed with an emphasis on their methodological adequacy and on the nature of the intervention used. Recent studies have demonstrated a positive result for psychosocial interventions used in combination with neuroleptic medication. However, analysis of these studies does not allow us to conclude that we can identify the 'active ingredients' in these psychosocial treatment regimes. Although there is cause for optimism, further investigation is required.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Psychophysiological assessment of expressed emotion in schizophrenia. A case example.

Previous research has demonstrated a different psychophysiological response of schizophrenic patients depending on whether their key relative was rated high or low on Expressed Emotion (EE). A case assessment is described in which a young man suffering from schizophrenia, who lived with both a high EE and a low EE parent, was tested psychophysiologically in their presence using an ABAC design. The patient demonstrated a significantly higher amount of spontaneous activity in skin conductance level when the high EE parent was present. The high EE parent also demonstrated a greater perceived inability to cope, and a higher level of personal distress.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effects of manipulation of social reinforcement on toilet requests on a geriatric ward.

The psychological treatment of incontinence in elderly patients is reviewed. It is concluded that the use of psychological methods in functional cases with non-dementing elderly patients leads to optimistic results. However, those studies which have used patients with dementia have been few and have so far led to poor results. Some of the factors associated with toiletting behaviour in the elderly and other approaches which stress the behaviour of the nurse rather than that of the patient are considered. A study is described which illustrates these principles in the case of geriatric patients with dementia who are highly dependent for their physical care.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Locus of control and cognitive behaviour therapy with mastectomy patients: a pilot study.

A cognitive behaviour therapy programme was designed for use with mastectomy patients, and a pilot study performed to test the efficacy of the programme. This article reports the locus of control data collected during the pilot study and the relationship between these data and the clinical assessment measures. Lower chance scores at pre-treatment are associated with greater clinical improvement as predicted. Surprisingly, however, there is an increase in chance scores over treatment although this disappears at follow-up. Patients who also received medication scored higher on internal control than those who did not. These results are discussed and it was concluded that antidepressant medication may assist the cognitive therapy programme.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Bodily reactions to people and events in schizophrenics.

Schizophrenic patients were tested on psychophysiologic measures within their homes and in the laboratory. Sweat gland activity and heart rate changes when patients encounter novel situations such as life events, together with the home atmosphere generated by a critical or overinvolved relative, confirmed objectively the importance of previous social measures of these factors in determining relapse. Drug effects were also found to be modified by these social factors. Environmental and socially induced changes found in the home were undetectable in the laboratory situation.

Antipsychotic Agents↗