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Biomedical subjects

N Tanigawa

Publications and source records attributed to N Tanigawa.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Etiological consideration of neonatal gastric rupture: assumption of possible association with gastric volvulus and gastroesophageal reflux].

Spontaneous gastric rupture of the newborn infant can be lethal. While the etiology of this problem is unknown, pneumatic rupture of the stomach seems the most logical explanation. The rupture mostly occurs in the anterior wall of the fundus near or on the greater curvature with in the first seven days of life. Three such patients have been managed during the past 5 years. These patients are presented in detail. X-ray films of those 3 patients, of a case of gastroesophageal reflux, and of some reported cases of impending gastric rupture are also presented in an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of this gastric catastrophe. (1) Clinical findings of a double air fluid level in the upper stomach at the upright position found in one case and of the direction of advancement of the nasogastric tube enable us to consider the gastric organoaxial volvulus as an etiological factor. (2) Plain x-ray and barium study films of the case of gastroesophageal reflux and of the reported cases of impending gastric rupture also suggest some degree of gastric volvulus as the cause of corresponding diseases. (3) Fluid accumulation in the fundus is facilitated by gastric organoaxial rotation and the fluid-filled fundus acts as a barrier to prevent eructation. Retention of feeds occurs as a result of air accumulating at the pyloric end. In such situation of a fluid trap syndrome, tremendous intragastric pressures enough to cause rupture may result when vomiting occurs.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[An in vitro drug screening assay, scintillation assay, and its clinical application].

We have developed an in vitro drug screening test by scintillation assay with which we can assess the chemosensitivity of solid human tumors during the 5 days following tumor resection. We are able to evaluate 62% (271/439) of the human tumors' chemosensitivity results. Seventy-seven of these cases were examined for in vitro-in vivo correlations. In 14 of 33 in vitro sensitivity cases (42%) we found clinical responses. And, in 41 of 44 in vitro resistance cases (95%) we found progressive disease. These in vitro-in vivo correlations with the scintillation assay were similar to those in other reports with different types of chemosensitivity assay. The true-positive accuracy of these tests averaged 50%, while the true-negative accuracy averaged 90%. We think that tumor cell heterogeneity is one of the main reasons for low true positive accuracy in the drug screening assays. In some studies we implanted human tumors into nude mice. The resulting xenografts demonstrated that fresh human tumors are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of cells with varying chemosensitivities and varying DNA indexes. This heterogeneic nature of human tumor cells means that a single biopsy specimen may not comprehensively define the chemosensitivity of a patient disease.

Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor↗
PubMed1988

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing renal cell carcinoma.

A case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone and lung metastases, but without liver involvement is reported. The stain specific to AFP (avidin-biotin complex) proved the presence of the AFP in the cytoplasms of some cells of the renal tumors. In addition, three other cases of AFF-producing renal cancer recently published in the literature in Japan are reviewed. These four cases indicate that mesoderm-originating malignant tumors such as renal cell carcinomas can produce AFP in some situations. So, AFP is probably more universal than believed, although it is generally a popular and useful tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinomas and yolk sac tumors. The knowledge of the presence of AFP-producing renal cell carcinomas will make a new contribution to the study of the oncogenesis of AFP-producing tumors.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Four cases of mitral valve prolapse associated with ventricular tachycardia].

Four patients with mitral valve prolapse and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were described. Case 1 was a 46-year-old man with syncope due to ventricular fibrillation. Case 2 was a 36-year-old woman with palpitation and dizziness due to ventricular tachycardia. Case 3 was a 47-year-old man with palpitation and dizziness due to ventricular tachycardia. Case 4 was a 38-year-old man with syncope due to torsade de pointes. Left ventriculograms showed mitral valve prolapse in all cases. Coronary arteriograms were also normal, supporting a noncoronary etiology of the arrhythmia. Patients with unexplained ventricular arrhythmias should be screened for mitral valve prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of cystic hygroma and lymphangioma with the use of bleomycin fat emulsion.

Of the several types of treatment for cystic hygromas and lymphangiomas, surgical excision has been the preferred treatment. However, there is a high recurrence rate because lymphangiomas tend to infiltrate the surrounding tissues. Bleomycin in a microsphere-in-oil (S/O) emulsion was used in this study as a sclerosing agent for lymphangiomas. Experimental studies using domestic rabbits showed that the bleomycin emulsion caused more marked fibrotic changes at the injection site than other formulations, such as a blank emulsion and bleomycin solution. In clinical trials, 27 of 33 patients received bleomycin S/O emulsion injected directly into the tumors with satisfactory results. Histologic pictures of the clinically resected specimens confirmed the findings of the experimental studies. Comparative studies of treatments between bleomycin S/O emulsion and surgery indicated that injection therapy of bleomycin S/O emulsion would be more beneficial than surgical excisions.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Disparity between ejection and end-systolic indexes of left ventricular contractility in mitral regurgitation.

To examine left ventricular function in mitral regurgitation (MR), we compared the ejection phase indexes of left ventricular contractility with maximal systolic elastance (Emax) in an experimental preparation of MR. In eight anesthetized open-chest dogs, pressure-volume loops were derived during afterload manipulation with methoxamine and nitroprusside from simultaneous left ventricular pressure and dimensional (sonomicrometry techniques) data before and after creation of MR. From these data maximal systolic elastance (Emax), the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), and the end-systolic stress-volume relationship (ESSVR) were determined by linear regression analysis. After creation of MR, end-diastolic volume increased significantly (40 +/- 13 to 53 +/- 18 ml, p less than .001); likewise end-systolic volume increased (28 +/- 11 to 33 +/- 15 ml, p less than .05). Ejection fraction increased after MR (35 +/- 6% to 44 +/- 8%, p less than .005), as did the mean velocity of fiber shortening (0.62 +/- 0.20 to 1.02 +/- 0.39 sec-1, p less than .02). In contrast, Emax declined significantly (4.63 +/- 2.5 to 3.54 +/- 1.94 mm Hg/ml, p less than .05); ESPVR and ESSVR showed similar directional changes. An inverse relationship was found between systolic elastance and end-diastolic volume in both control and MR states. When Emax, ESPVR, and ESSVR were normalized to end-diastolic volume, they were unchanged after MR. These results suggest that either there was a decline in left ventricular contractile state after MR, or that contractility was unchanged (if elastance is normalized for increased contractility, but occurred as a consequence of increased preload with no significant change in afterload.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The clinical evaluation of the late potentials in patients with ventricular arrhythmias.

We investigated the recognition of late potentials in patients with and without organic heart diseases and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. None of the normal subjects had late potentials and patients with ventricular arrhythmias but no organic heart diseases, also had no late potentials as well as patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardias. Late potentials in patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy were noted more frequently in the dilated type than in the hypertrophic type, especially in those with high grades of ventricular arrhythmias. Patients with old myocardial infarctions had a higher rate of late potentials recognition in cases of sudden death or ventricular tachycardias. On the other hand, we observed lower rates in patients during early stage of acute myocardial infarction in spite of the evidence of a higher rate of ventricular electrical instability. There was no association between ejection fractions, wall motion scores and late potentials. However, a higher recognition of late potentials was found in patients with inferior or posterior myocardial infarction and ventricular aneurysm. We concluded that the late potential must be evaluated in each of the different groups of organic heart diseases in order to estimate the clinical value of ventricular arrhythmias.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cellular interaction and in vitro antitumor activity of mitomycin C-dextran conjugate.

Cellular interaction and in vitro antitumor activity of a polymeric prodrug of mitomycin C (MMC), mitomycin C-dextran conjugate (MMC-D), were studied in relation to its physicochemical characteristics. MMC-D with cationic and anionic charges were examined. The cationic MMC-D was synthesized using a spacer, epsilon-aminocaproic acid and dextrans with molecular weights of 10,000, 70,000, or 500,000 [MMC(C6)Dcat]. The anionic MMC-D was synthesized using 6-bromohexanoic acid as a spacer and dextran with a molecular weight of 70,000 [MMC(C6)Dan]. Cellular adsorption was determined by measuring the concentration of the drug in the medium after incubation with three tumor cell lines, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, L1210 leukemia, and AH66 ascites hepatoma cells. MMC(C6)Dcat was adsorbed more readily than MMC or MMC(C6)Dan on the tumor cell surface by an electrostatic force. The percentage of adsorption remained almost constant during the course of incubation and no significant difference was observed between the incubation at 4 degrees C and that at 37 degrees C. A corresponding increase in the amounts of MMC(C6)Dcat adsorbed on with higher molecular weights was noted, which conformed to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. In vitro antitumor activity was evaluated using L1210 and EAC cell culture systems and human tumor colony forming assay. MMC(C6)Dcat showed growth inhibition essentially equal to that of MMC in continuous drug exposure experiments. In a 1-h drug exposure experiment, MMC(C6)Dcat with a molecular weight of 70,000 or 500,000 was more active than MMC, and a good correlation was observed between the effects of MMC(C6)Dcat and the extent of cellular interaction. These results show that cellular interaction played an important role in the manifestation of the antitumor effect of MMC-D and that these phenomena are governed by the physicochemical properties of macromolecular prodrugs, such as electric charge and molecular weight.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1986

[A resected case of collision tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma and primary liver rhabdomyosarcoma].

Primary liver sarcoma is rare and especially its coexistence with hepatocellular carcinoma is extremely rare. We have collected eight cases of their coexistence in the literatures. The patient was a 62-year-old male complaining of right hypochondralgia and general malaise for about one month. CT scanning revealed the liver tumor and right hepatic lobectomy was performed. The tumor was sized in 14 by 9 by 9 cm and composed of hepatocellular carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, which were were collided. Apparent striations in the rhabdomyosarcoma cells was observed under light-microscope. Alphafetoprotein, of which serum level was extraordinarily high, was detected only in hepatocellular carcinoma by special stains. He discharged one month after operation. He was readmitted due to recurrence and received trans-arterial embolisation therapy and systemic chemotherapy. Though transient effect was obtained. He died forty-five days after operation. Autopsy revealed that recurrent liver tumors consisted of only hepatocellular carcinoma and that no other tumorous lesion was found in the other parts of the body. Rhabdomyosarcoma was proved to be primary tumor the liver.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1986

Effect of vitamin E on toxicity and antitumor activity of adriamycin in mice.

The use of vitamin E as a protective agent against adriamycin-induced toxicity in CDF1 and BDF1 mice resulted in potentiation of the chemotherapeutic index of adriamycin. A single dose of 15 mg of adriamycin per kg body weight produced a significantly reduced mean survival time. A dosage of adriamycin of 15 mg per kg body weight was employed in the following experiments. In P388 ascites tumor-bearing mice, four consecutive injections of several doses of vitamin E before injection of adriamycin produced a significant prolongation of the mean survival. In concomitant studies of serum tocopherol content, 7 to 10 micrograms/ml appeared to be an appropriate serum concentration, in accordance with the result of our previous report on its immunopotentiation effect. alpha-tocopherol seemed to have a two- to three-fold greater physiological activity than alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Dietary vitamin E treatments offered no protection against adriamycin toxicity, because the serum tocopherol content reached only 4.39 micrograms/ml in mice given the vitamin E-sufficient feed in this study. The results suggested that an increase of the serum tocopherol level to about two to three times the untreated control would be required before the adriamycin treatment to reduce its toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[SAM sound studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography].

The occurrence of a systolic sound in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) has been well known for more than 20 years. This was phonoechocardiographically regarded as the sound coincident with the abrupt halt of the systolic anterior movement (SAM) of the mitral valve echo, and it has been termed the SAM sound. A 58-year-old man with HOCM was admitted with right hemiplegia. He was found to have a SAM sound which waxed and waned in intensity, and at times moved earlier into systole. He was studied by cardiac catheterization, M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (pulsed, continuous wave and color flow Doppler methods). Asymmetric septal hypertrophy (interventricular septal thickness = 25 mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness = 14 mm), as well as SAM and midsystolic aortic valve closure were demonstrated. The presence and intensity of the sound was not related to rhythm (normal sinus rhythm vs atrial flutter), heart rate, respiration, position, or inhalation of amyl nitrite. Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography revealed the following: 1. In the left ventricular outflow tract just below the aortic valve, a systolic turbulent flow was always present. 2. In the left ventricular chamber near the apex, a systolic laminar flow was interrupted in those cycles where the SAM sound was present. Otherwise, in cycles lacking the SAM sound, laminar flow in this locality continued throughout systole (even shorter duration than normal). 3. In the left ventricular inflow tract, diastolic flow was unaffected by the presence of the sound. 4. No mitral regurgitation was observed using color flow Doppler echocardiography. In summary, a SAM sound appeared to be associated with sudden deceleration of blood flow from the apex to the mid left ventricle.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic↗
PubMed1986

[Results of in vitro chemosensitivity assays: human tumor clonogenic and scintillation assay].

The authors reviewed their experiences to date with chemosensitivity testing of 629 tumors by human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) and of 199 tumors by scintillation assay (SA). HTCA and SA were both performed using a double-layer-soft-agar system with continuous exposure of cells to one concentration of standard anticancer drugs. Overall, 60% of specimens in HTCA and 58% in SA produced significant growth in vitro. HTCA was 52% (13/25) reliable for predicting in vivo sensitivity, and 95% (36/38) reliable for in vivo resistance, whereas SA was 40% (8/20) reliable for in vivo sensitivity and 88% (21/24) for in vivo resistance. The current results indicate that there is no particular difference in the success rate and in the predictive accuracy for in vivo sensitivity and resistance between HTCA and SA. Therefore, it is doubtful whether only clonogenic tumor cells among whole tumor cell populations should be selected in assessing the chemosensitivities of human tumors. In vitro success rates were variable, depending on the tumor histology. In vitro growth of gastric cancer specimens was characteristically lower than that of colon cancer specimens (48% and 60% in HTCA, and 46% and 68% in SA, respectively). (p less than 0.005). Optimal in vitro-in vivo drug concentrations and culture conditions are still being defined. Correlation studies of in vitro-in vivo responses of gastrointestinal cancers suggested that in vitro concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C used in this study were considerably higher than their optimal doses. Tumor cell heterogeneity poses significant problems in the clinical use of chemosensitivity assays. The question arises as to whether a single biopsy specimen is representative of a patient's disease. In this last study, we sought evidence of tumor heterogeneity by comparing chemosensitivity responses between: 1) different portions of a single tumor, 2) a primary and a metastatic biopsy taken from a patient on the same day, and 3) different metastases from a patient taken on the same day. The results demonstrated the presence of considerable heterogeneity of response to chemotherapy among different tumors from the same patient, and even within the same tumor. The reported discrepancies of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity may be due to such therapeutic heterogeneity among tumors.

Antineoplastic Agents↗