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Biomedical subjects

N Tani

Publications and source records attributed to N Tani.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Do the effects of blood pressure control on the progression of diabetic nephropathy depend on disease stage?

To determine whether the control of blood pressure has a consistent effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy with macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients with differing serum levels of creatinine, we evaluated the relationship between mean blood pressure and the yearly rate of increase in serum creatinine concentration in two groups: one with macroalbuminuria and a serum creatinine concentration less than 2 mg/100 ml (group 1), and the other with macroalbuminuria and a serum creatinine concentration of 2 mg/100 ml or more (group 2). Both groups showed a positive relationship between the mean blood pressure and the yearly rate of increase in serum creatinine concentration. However, when the yearly rate of increase in serum creatinine concentration was compared in patients from both groups with matched mean blood pressures of less than 100 mmHg, it was greater in patients of group 2 than in patients of group 1. Thus, although a beneficial effect of blood pressure control on the progression of diabetic nephropathy was found in both groups, the effect was less in patients with macroalbuminuria and a serum creatinine concentration of 2 mg/100 ml or more when mean blood pressure was controlled at less than 100 mmHg.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Psychological problem due to long-term organic solvent abuse].

Organic solvent abuse in adolescents has become a serious social problem. One of the reasons for this is the relationship to juvenile delinquency, and another is that it leads to various clinical symptoms including disturbance of consciousness, hallucinations, fantasia and apathy. In this study, using a health questionnaire that is composed of 33 psychiatric and 29 physical items and the Rorschach Test, we investigated these symptoms and the psychodynamics of personality respectively. The principal component analysis obtained for the health questionnaire extracted four factors as follows: 1) feelings of general fatigue and somatic symptoms, 2) feelings of guilt and self blame, 3) low self esteem and withdrawal adaptation, and 4) unreasonable anxiety and sleeping disturbance. The results of Rorschach Test supported the loss of libido, disability of reality testing and ego vulnerability in organic solvent abusers. This research strongly suggests that apathetic or depressive mood in chronic organic solvent abusers relates with loss of drive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Amotivational syndrome of chronic organic solvent abusers--neuropsychological study].

It is conceivable that many of chronic organic solvent abusers have shown "Amotivational Syndrome" that is often seen in marijuana abuse. This syndrome revealed various psychiatric symptoms such as diminution of ambition, productivity and motivation. However, the pathogenesis of this syndrome is not elucidated. In present study, we examined 31 patients who showed amotivational syndrome (AS) induced by chronic organic solvents abuse, using neuropsychological battery including Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) and Bender Gestalt Test (BGT). In BVRT, there was a differences between AS and controls in the items of number of errors, omission, distortion and misplacement. In BGT, each Figure's score except I and VIII has changed and total score was 43.25 (vs control; 23.05), corresponding to 9-10 year old development in AS. These results suggest that organic solvent-induced AS is closely related with neurological and cognitive impairments in the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Smoking habits in chronic schizophrenics].

The smoking habits of 48 chronic schizophrenics who were inpatients of private psychiatric were examined. Subjects were divided into three groups; non-smokers, moderate smokers and heavy smokers, and tested by Fagerstrom's Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) as a tobacco dependence evaluation, and Bender Gestalt Test (BGT) and Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) as a neuropsychological battery. In addition, we used the Scales for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) to evaluate the degree of schizophrenic negative symptoms, confirming the correlation between SANS score and the amount of nicotine intake or FTQ item. From the results of FTQ scores and their correlation with SANS scores, the amount of nicotine intake was significantly related to the severity of schizophrenic negative symptoms including affective blunting, poverty of thinking and attention impairment. BGT and BVRT showed disturbances in visual-motor gestalt function, and attention and memory, in chronic schizophrenics who smoked, especially in heavy smokers. These results suggest that smoking behavior in chronic schizophrenics might increase the individual vigilance against negative symptoms, from the perspective of self-medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Roles of sigma receptors in isolated guinea pig parietal cells.

Sigma receptor involvement in the oxyntic mechanism of gastric parietal cells was investigated using isolated guinea pig parietal cells. Using the 14C-aminopyrine accumulation method, di(orthotolyl)guanidine (DTG), a sigma receptor agonist, demonstrated peak stimulation of acid production at a concentration of 5 x 10(-5) M. The DTG-induced stimulatory effect on 14C-aminopyrine accumulation in preparations enriched in parietal cells was inhibited by haloperidol, a DTG inhibitor, and omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, in a concentration-dependent manner. Assessment of the interaction between DTG and agonists for histamine, gastrin, and muscarine receptors demonstrated a potentiating interaction effect on acid production only when parietal cells were exposed to both DTG and histamine. A receptor-binding assay using 3H-DTG revealed two sigma receptor subtypes, sigma 1 and sigma 2, on the crude membranes of parietal cells. There was a direct relationship between DTG dose and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but there was no change in intracellular cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration when parietal cells were exposed to DTG. These results demonstrate that sigma receptors exist on guinea pig gastric parietal cells and suggest that they play a role in acid production via an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1994

Histologic type and gastric acid secretion in gastric cancer.

We investigated gastric acid secretion in 638 gastric cancer patients with respect to the association between aging and histologic types. In intestinal type tumors in which invasion is restricted to the mucosa, and in diffuse type tumors where the tumor invaded the serosa there was a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age. However, no relationship was found between gastric acid output and age in signet ring cell carcinoma. On the other hand, a significantly negative correlation between acid secretion and age was shown in male patients with well differentiated type and in females with signet ring cell carcinoma. In conclusion, low acid secretion related to aging may play an important role in developing cancer cells in intestinal type tumors especially in the male elderly, and in diffuse type tumors in the female elderly, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Novel mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptor gene in two pedigrees with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Novel mutations in the V2 vasopressin receptor gene were identified in two Japanese pedigrees with X-linked congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The V2 receptor belongs to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors that contain seven distinct transmembrane domains, and the V2 receptor gene is encoded by three exons. The coding regions amplified by polymerase chain reaction were directly sequenced. In a pedigree, one of four consecutive guanine sequences (nucleotides 528-531) in the second exon was deleted (528delG). This deletion mutation results in a frame shift beginning at codon 154 in the second intracellular domain and a premature termination at codon 161. In another pedigree, a missense mutation (A-->G) was identified at nucleotide position 310 in the second exon. This point mutation, H80R, changes a histidine at codon 80 in the second transmembrane domain to an arginine that is more positively charged than histidine under the neutral environment. Each mutation cosegregated with the phenotype of diabetes insipidus and supposed to be a cause for resistance to arginine vasopressin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Female siblings with Pendred's syndrome.

Female siblings with Pendred's syndrome were admitted to our clinic. The abnormality of the acoustic structure was examined by MRI. Bilateral enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct and a prominently marked endolymphatic sac were found on MRI. These findings seemed likely to represent a Mondini deformity. Acoustic structure in Pendred's syndrome was examined here by MRI for the first time. We examined their HLA-DR locus as a genetic marker using the affected sib-pair method preliminary. HLA typing might be a diagnostic criteria of Pendred's syndrome, although the present siblings possessed 2 HLA genes in common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cytochrome c oxidase activity in osteoclasts appeared in an early stage of parathyroid hormone treatment.

Osteoclasts which appeared in an early stage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration were examined using cytochrome c oxidase activity. In the period of 1-2 hr after intraperitoneal administration of PTH, two types of osteoclasts were observed. The first type had a well-developed ruffled border characterized by deeply infolded extracellular channels, and many endocytic vacuoles were observed, as seen in control osteoclasts. Many of the mitochondria contained in the first type were with the reaction products of the enzyme on the crystal membrane and within the intermembrane space (type 1 mitochondria), and the distribution of type 1 mitochondria was similar to that seen in control osteoclasts. The second type had a ruffled border characterized by unclear extracellular channels and cytoplasmic projections. The numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria in the second type of osteoclasts (45.3%) was significantly smaller than that in the first type (79.9%). Mitochondria which had the reaction products of the enzyme only on the crystal membrane including those with no reaction product (type 2 mitochondria) were predominant in the second type of osteoclasts. These results include two possible ways in which a morphologically regressive change of the ruffled border can occur in osteoclasts during an early stage of PTH treatment, and cytochrome c oxidase activity is closely associated with the change in the ruffled border.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of acetyl salicylic acid and cilostazol administration on serum thrombomodulin concentration in diabetic patients.

Serum thrombomodulin (sTM) is an endothelial cell marker which would reflect the endothelial damage. In order to examine whether some antiplatelet agents decrease the endothelial damage in diabetic patients, sTM concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after oral administration of a daily 100 mg of cilostazol for 4 weeks in 9 diabetics or a daily 81 mg of acetyl salicylic acids (ASA) for 4 weeks in 8 diabetics. Basal concentrations of sTM were elevated in most of these patients as compared with healthy subjects. The sTM concentrations were decreased after administration of cilostazol from 28.1 +/- 7.1 ng/ml to 23.6 +/- 5.4 ng/ml (p < 0.01), and after ASA from 30.7 +/- 10.9 ng/ml to 27.9 +/- 11.6 ng/ml (p < 0.05). These results suggest that such drugs can decrease the endothelial damage, resulting in the reduced risk of diabetic vascular complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Developmental changes in mouse placental cells from several stages of pregnancy in vivo and in vitro.

Developmental changes in mouse placentae from the 6th to the 18th day of pregnancy were studied in vivo and in vitro. Placental volume increased from the 6th to the 18th day of pregnancy; however, the total number of cells per placenta reached a plateau on the 14th day. Decidual cells were predominant in the placenta on the 6th day. Placentae obtained from the 10th to the 18th day contained decidual cells, trophoblastic (labyrinth and spongiotrophoblast) cells, and trophoblast giant cells. Decidual cells increased in number from the 6th to the 10th but decreased on the 14th day, whereas trophoblastic cells increased linearly until the 14th day. Two types of placental cells were distinguished in vitro: small fibroblast-like cells and large flattened cells containing 2-3 nuclei. The large cells reacted to anti-desmin antibody, indicating their decidual character. The small cells reacting to anti-keratin antibody appeared to be trophoblastic cells. Decidual cells from all days of gestation were nonproliferative, regressing with time in culture. 17 beta-Estradiol (E, 10(-9) and 10(-8) M), progesterone (P, 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M), and a combination of E and P (10(-9) M each) stimulated proliferation of the trophoblastic cells only from the 6th and the 10th days. Keoxifene (2 x 10(-7) M), but not tamoxifen, significantly inhibited the E-induced proliferation of the trophoblastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A new treatment for dialysis-related amyloidosis with beta 2-microglobulin adsorbent column.

Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is characterized by the presence of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) in the plasma. In order to eliminate beta 2-m from the circulating blood, the beta 2-m selective adsorbent for direct hemoperfusion (DHP) was developed. A DHP column (BM-01), containing 350 ml of the adsorbent, was subjected to clinical trials. The column was connected with a PAN (AN69) membrane dialyzer in series and used 3 times a week for 1 week (11 patients), 4 weeks (5 patients), 6 months (1 patient) and 12 months (2 patients). The percent reduction (%) of beta 2-m was for 16 patients (for 1 or 4 weeks), more than 65, and for 3 patients (for more than 6 months), 76.5 +/- 4.9, 73.5 +/- 5.7, 72.2 +/- 6.2. At the end of each session, beta 2-m plasma levels were found to be below 10 mg/L, with 3.4 mg/L being the lowest. The total amounts of beta 2-m removed were 172.5 +/- 22.3, 257.0 +/- 75.6, 157.6 +/- 32.2 and 429.8 mg/session at max. Two out of these three patients had a favorable effect on joint symptoms and ocular fundus. It can be concluded that this selective adsorption therapy may delay the progression of DRA, and is worth considering for wide application.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of thromboxane receptor antagonist, BAY u 3405 on the late phase pulmonary response in guinea pigs].

The effect of the specific thromboxane (Tx)A2 receptor antagonist, BAY u 3405 on the late asthmatic response (LAR) was investigated in guinea pigs which are sensitized actively with Ascaris suum antigen. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) of awake guinea pigs was measured by 30 Hz oscillation method for 6 hours after antigen challenge. %Rrs was calculated as the increase rate of Rrs to baseline Rrs (pre-challenge value). Ten mg/kg of BAY u 3405 or vehicle (0.5% methyl cellulose) was administered orally after the end of immediate asthmatic response, i.e., 2 hours after antigen challenge. %Rrs of the control group at 4 and 5 hours after antigen challenge were 101.4 +/- 27.5% and 77.5 +/- 19.9%, respectively. Those of the BAY group were 32.5 +/- 6.2% and 23.5 +/- 5.0%, respectively. %Rrs of the BAY group were significantly lower than those of the control group at both timings (p < 0.05). No significant difference was shown between the BAY group and the control group in the results of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 4 hours after challenge. Concerning the results of BAL at 6 hours after challenge, the total cell count and its segment, eosinophils count and lymphocytes count in the BAY group were 274.9 +/- 70.5, 62.5 +/- 13.1, 11.3 +/- 3.3 (x 10(5) cells), respectively, resulting in significantly smaller numbers (each p < 0.05) than those in the control group which were 491.9 +/- 55.1, 198.6 +/- 43.9, 32.1 +/- 7.3 (x 10(5) cells), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1992

Outcome at discharge for clients in a psychiatric day care program.

The effectiveness of a psychiatric day care program was assessed in terms of the outcome at discharge for 79 clients. One-third of the clients were employed, either full-time or part-time (in case of students, at school), during the postprogram period of three months or more. Another one-third left the program prematurely with or without exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. Clients having premature termination were significantly less adherent to outpatient clinic visits and/or psychotropic medication. Family's understanding of and cooperation in the program were significantly less favorable in clients with early termination. The possible strategies for reducing the dropouts were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative immunohistochemical identification and relative distribution of immunocompetent cells in sections of frozen or formalin-fixed tissue from human periapical inflammatory lesions.

The presence of immunocompetent cells (B, Th/i and Ts/c cells and macrophages) and the ratios of these cell populations in periapical lesions (radicular granulomas, radicular cysts and apical scars) were demonstrated immunohistochemically using paraffin and cryo-sections. Thirty-four human periapical lesions were examined for the presence of immunocompetent cells by monoclonal antibodies and the biotin-avidin-horseradish peroxidase method. The T/B cell ratio of radicular cysts was significantly higher than that of both radicular granulomas and apical scars, and the average number of Th/i cells was greater than that of Ts/c cells in the radicular granulomas. However, no significant difference was found between radicular cyst and apical scar. The number of macrophages in radicular granulomas was significantly higher than that of the other lesions. These findings suggested that periapical lesions develop as a result of both humoral and cell-mediated immunological response and indicated that the ratios of immunocompetent cells are different in the different types of periapical lesion.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1992

[Application of proton pump inhibitor to special conditions; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

Before the mid-1970s, the most reliable therapy for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (Z-E syndrome) was total gastrectomy since complete excision of gastrinoma is difficult in many cases due to multifocus and/or metastases. With the advent of H2-blockers gastric acid secretion can be controlled at safe levels (less than 10 mEq/h), and patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be managed medically. The problem of therapy with H2-blockers however, is that large doses are usually required and that a marked tachyphylaxis is frequently noted during long-term treatment. Treatment with new antisecretory drug, proton pump inhibitor, has been shown to be highly effective with relatively high doses and without tachyphylaxis, although long-term experience is still limited.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗