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Biomedical subjects

N Takai

Publications and source records attributed to N Takai.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Separation and functional analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in brain tumor tissues].

Separation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from surgical specimen of fourteen gliomas and 6 metastatic brain tumor tissues was achieved by discontinuous density gradients. Comparison of phenotypes between separated lymphocytes and TIL in situ was examined by immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies. The cytotoxic activity of these separated lymphocytes was also examined in short-term 51Cr release assay against fresh autologous tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining of separated lymphocytes revealed the preservation of cell surface antigens of the lymphocytes. Most of separated lymphocytes were T lymphocytes and both phenotypes cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer T lymphocytes were found. The Leu-3a/2a ratio of separated lymphocytes were compared with TIL in situ in the same patients and these values were almost equal in both lymphocytes. Cell number of separated lymphocytes were 1.2 x 10(5)-2.1 x 10(5)/g in glioma and 1.1 x 10(5)-3.8 x 10(5)/g in metastatic patients. Cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells was detected in 5 out of 12 glioma and 2 out of 6 metastatic patients. There was no correlation between the cytotoxicity and cell number of separated lymphocytes or HLA-DR antigen expression on tumor cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Multi-component analysis of urine of dogs with liver diseases by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Components of the urine of normal dogs and dogs with liver diseases were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a macroreticular anion-exchange resin with UV detection. The dogs with liver diseases were experimentally prepared by either Eck fistula by portal-caval anastomosis, dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver failure or total hepatectomy by operation. Eighteen chromatographic peaks were numbered and the cross-correlation coefficient of the intensities of every pair of peaks was computed. There were high correlations between several pairs of peaks according to the types and degrees of the hepatic failures, whereas no significant correlation was observed for the peak pairs of normal urine samples. The results showed that HPLC analysis of urine is useful in the diagnosis of the physiological state in liver dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A new method for early detection of renal allograft rejection. Gel high-performance chromatography of urinary IgM.

We developed a new device utilizing high-performance chromatography to measure urinary IgM protein in renal transplant recipients. With this device we were able to obtain a reliable result in less than 2 h, requiring much less time than using the conventional method. Urinary IgM was found in 22 of 23 posttransplantation patients (96%) during acute rejection. An increase in urinary IgM excretion was noted 2-3 days before the appearance of clinical signs of acute rejection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Functional analysis of interleukin-2 in immune surveillance against brain tumors.

We studied the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from patients with malignant brain tumors to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and to respond to IL-2. The role of IL-2 in the generation of T cells cytotoxic against tumor cells was also studied. PBLs from the patients with malignant brain tumors tended to produce a level of IL-2 lower than that in normal controls because of the decreased number of IL-2-producing T cells. Phytohemagglutinin activated PBLs from normal controls and the patients, however, responded equally well to IL-2. This indicates that the expression of IL-2 receptors is abundant in PBLs of these patients, although IL-2 production may be depressed. Furthermore, after incubation with IL-2, PBLs from the patients with malignant glioma exhibited higher natural killer activity and strong cytotoxicity against glioma cells. This increased cytotoxicity was evident by Day 3 of culture in IL-2 and remained effective for at least 2 days. These observations of antitumor cytotoxicity make IL-2 a likely candidate for use in adoptive immunotherapy.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Immunohistological analysis of infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations in gliomas and metastatic brain tumors].

Subpopulations of infiltrating lymphocytes were studied by immunohistological method using monoclonal antibodies in gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. Thirteen specimens from 8 glioma patients, and 7 specimens from 3 metastatic brain tumor patients were used. No special therapy for brain tumor had been performed in these cases, but 3 glioma patients and all metastatic brain tumor patients had received steroid hormone. Frontal lobe obtained from the autopsy case of chest trauma was served as a normal control. Frozen sections were stained with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method using Leu-series monoclonal antibodies for pan T-cells (Leu-1), cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells (Leu-2 a), helper/inducer T-cells (Leu-3 a) and B-cells (Leu-12). Lymphocyte infiltrates were quantitated by counting positively stained cells in 13 glioma and 7 metastatic brain tumor specimens. In normal frontal lobe, only a few T-cells infiltrated around several blood vessels in the parenchyma and subarachnoid space. But in the cases of glioma, many perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates were found and in the cases of metastatic brain tumor, many lymphocytes were found diffusely in the interstitial area between nests of tumor cells. Most of these lymphocytes were T-cells and B-cells were scarce, and Leu-2 a and Leu-3 a positive cells intermingled with each other. Len-3 a/2 a ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 in the half of gliomas and 1.5 to 3.6 in another half of gliomas, three of which were treated with steroid hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Suppression of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats with cerebral contusion].

We previously reported that the thymolysis was observed in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats immunized with brain tissue homogenates in complete Freund adjuvant. This observation has led us to suppose that the central nervous system (CNS) has high antigenicity for self. To keep from the high antigenicity of CNS, the blood brain barrier (BBB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which maintain CNS in isolated state are essential for self. If the BBB is destroyed and brain tissue is disseminated in CSF, is oneself sensitized by CNS? In this experiment, we produced cerebral contusion in rats and the BBB was partially destroyed and brain tissue was disseminated in CSF. No clinical signs of EAE were observed by cerebral contusion was exposed to encephalitogen one week later, EAE was remarkably suppressed compared with those in controls or sham operated groups (p less than 0.001). Almost 80% of the rats with cerebral contusion showed no response to EAE. These results seen to show that self is sensitized by autologous brain tissue and CNS has high antigenicity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Adoptive immunotherapy in patients with malignant glioma].

We report preliminary results of adoptive immunotherapy in 12 patients with malignant glioma. The patients received both 1.8 to 20 X 10(8) autologous lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, and 8 to 16 X 10(4) units of interleukin-2. Objective regression of the tumor was observed in 8 patients. In 4 cases, the size of the tumor was remarkably reduced. No severe side effects were observed. Furthermore, LAK cells and their precursor cells were serologically studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Adoptive immunotherapy in experimental brain tumor in rats--induction of LAK cells and their biological characteristic].

We have investigated the biological characteristic of Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) cells induced from spleen cells (SPC) of Fischer rats. Supernatant of 48 hour culture medium (RPMI-1640, 10% FBS, 2-ME: 5 X 10(-5) M, HEPES: 10 mM) of SPC (1 X 10(6)/ml) from Wistar rats in the presence of Con A (5 micrograms/ml) was used as Interleukin 2 (IL-2). LAK cells were generated by co-cultivation of SPC (4 X 10(6)/ml) from Fischer rats with peak reactivity on the 2 nd or 3 rd day of culture. Lytic activity was observed against not only syngeneic tumor cells (T9, RSV induced brain tumor), but also allogenic (KMT-17) and xenogenic (K 562, Raji cell, G 361, YAC-1) tumor cells, while no lytic activity was observed against normal brain cells. Cell depletion test, dye exclution test and immunofluorescence method using monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) revealed that LAK cells partially belonged to the population of activated T cell group (W 3/13, OX 4 positive) but the precursor cells did not react with any mAbs used (W 3/13, W 3/25, OX 4, OX 8). On the basis of these results, more effective and useful administration of LAK cells is now under investigations by using the rats with brain tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of streptozotocin diabetes on gingivitis in plaque-susceptible rats.

The periodontal pocket probing depths of mandibular incisors of plaque-susceptible (Sus) rats, which spontaneously exhibit gingivitis with accumulation of plaque, were increased 20 days after injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.v.). The accumulated plaque weights were also increased in Sus rats with streptozotocin diabetes, and a positive correlation was found between the plaque weights and the pocket depths. Histological findings showed that this inflammatory reaction in gingival tissue was higher and more extensive in diabetic Sus rats than in control Sus rats. These findings suggest that the accumulated plaque is the important factor for the severe breakdown of gingival tissue in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Investigation of HLA in patients with glioma].

HLA was studied in 35 patients with gliomas (20 anaplastic gliomas, 11 astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, 2 oligodendrogliomas) and 38 volunteers who served as controls, by using the microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Phenotype frequency (PF), gene frequency (GF) and relative risk (RR) of each HLA antigen were studied statistically with the chi 2-test, where corrected P (CP) less than 0.05 was considered significant. Concerning HLA-B antigens, either Bw 61 or Bw 62 was found in 45.7% of the patients and the both in 14.3%. HLA-Bw 61 had a tendency to increase in the patients (PF = 0.46, GF = 0.27, RR = 7.16, chi 2 = 9.64, P less than 0.002, CP less than 0.064). Contrary to HLA-B antigens, HLA-DRw 6 was absent in the patient (chi 2 = 8.3379, P less than 0.004, CP less than 0.04). No relation between HLA and histological types was found. HLA has its genetic locus on the short brachium of the 6th chromosome and complement C2, C4, properdin, etc are considered to link HLA. Immunoregulatory genes (Ir genes), immunosuppressive genes (Is genes), disease susceptibility genes and disease resistant genes are also considered to link HLA, especially HLA-B, D loci. Although diseases are multifactorial, according to our report, the incidence of HLA-Bw 61 is higher, while that of HLA-DRw 6 is lower in patients with glioma. These phenomena seem very interesting considering the previous evidence that HLA has a close relation between disease susceptibility and immunological competence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Morphological changes of the thymus and spleen with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats].

Nervous and immune systems are thought to have an important role in host defence mechanism. Recent reports have suggested the presence of common antigens between nervous and immune systems. In this paper, we described the interactions between nervous and immune systems observed in an acute EAE model of Lewis rats. Seventeen Lewis rats were immunized by homogenized brain tissue in complete Freund adjuvant. Acute EAE rats were developed in 10 rats, all of which died within 25 days after the immunization. The thymus of these rats showed marked atrophy and histological examination revealed severe de generation of the lymphocytes and infiltration of macrophage showing phagocytosis in the thymus. The weight of spleen was also decreased, but no remarkable changes were observed microscopically except slight reduction of the white pulp. The fact that the immune reactions was induced not only in the nervous system but also in the thymus of EAE animals may suggest the possibility of common antigen between oligodendroglia and lymphocytes. This also suggest the close interaction between nervous system and immune system. However, the reactions of the thymus and spleen were different in this experiment, and further studies are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of these immune reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

High-performance liquid chromatography of antipyretics on chemically modified porous glass.

An octadecylsilyl porous glass was prepared and used as the packing for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Five antipyretic drugs (aspirin, caffeine, guaiacol glycerol ether, 3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidine, and phenacetin) were separated in 2 min with a mobile phase of 20% acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 3.0 ml/min. A pharmaceutical preparation, containing aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine and chlorpheniramine maleate was analysed in 2 min with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (20:79:1). The packing seems promising for the rapid analysis of pharmaceuticals and biomedical compounds.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of antipyretics by semimicro liquid chromatography.

Using semimicro columns (150 X 1 mm I.D.) of octadecyl silica and styrene-divinylbenzene porous polymer, antipyretic drugs were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The antipyretics studied were sulpyrin, caffeine, guaiacol glycerol ether, acetaminophen, 3-hydroxy-p-butyrophenetidine, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, phenacetin, mefenamic acid, aspirin, salicylamide, salicylic acid, o-ethoxybenzamide, theobromine, theophylline and their preparations. The semimicro columns are economical in solvents in chromatographic analysis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1985

Sialographic damage in rat submandibular gland.

The damage caused to rat submandibular glands by intraductal injection was examined. When a small volume of isotonic saline was injected, even if salivation was not influenced, salivary composition was greatly affected because the intercellular junctions of the duct cells were damaged. Intraductal injections of hyperosmotic solutions or highly viscous liquids were more effective in damaging intercellular junctions. When interpreting the significance of a salivary composition in clinical diagnosis, it is necessary to consider the sialographic damage which might influence the salivary composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinicoimmunological values of measurement of IgG-Fc receptor positive T cells in the patients with malignant brain tumors].

It has recently been shown that human T-cell subpopulation can be identified functionally via surface receptors for Fc fragment of immunoglobulins. We detected peripheral blood T-cells bearing the Fc receptor for IgG molecules (T gamma cell) in patients with brain tumors who manifested a variety of immunological abnormalities. We also analyzed immunological values of T gamma cells which were thought to be suppressor and/or a part of killer T cells, comparing with other immunological parameters. The percentage of T gamma cells was significantly higher in patients with malignant brain tumors than in normal controls (6.54 +/- 1.6%). The values of T gamma cells in patients with glioma, metastatic brain tumor, benign brain tumor were 15.4 +/- 4.8%, 14.9 +/- 3.2%, and 8.1 +/- 3.7%, respectively. In the patients with glioma, the values increased in the uncontrolled group compared with the well-controlled group. Furthermore, the values were decreased by surgical removal of the tumor. On immunological study of T gamma cells in the patients with glioma, there was a definite correlation between the values of T gamma cells and ADCC activity. Furthermore, the T gamma cells in the patients showed higher ADCC activity than in normal controls. The values of T gamma cells also correlated with blastogenesis of the peripheral blood lymphocytes by PHA (r = -0.742, p less than 0.001) and Con A (r = -0.662, p less than 0.001). These results suggest that T gamma cells are playing two important roles in patients with glioma such as suppressor function and ADCC activity, and that these cells may change according to the tumor growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1984

[The applicability of pions to cancer radiotherapy. III. Measurement of x-ray and gamma-rays by NaI detector for the determination of the peak-region in pi- meson exposure].

A method of externally observing the stop-region of pi- meson for monitoring during exposure to a patient is discussed. Negative pi mesic X-rarys, gamma-rays and neutrons are emitted from the region where pi- mesons stop and produce stars. These radiations can be detected outside the exposed patient. Water phantom as normal tissue equivalent material was exposed by pi- mesons at various depths. The resulting gamma-ray yields were determined by counting the gamma-rays in coincidence with incident pi- mesons using a sodium iodide (NaI) detector. This type of gamma-ray measuring system is useful to make sure that the peak position of the depth-dose distribution in the patient is exactly situated at the desired one during exposure. It is suggested that the scintillation camera with a multiholecollimator is a powerful and convenient tool for the two dimensional peak positioning.

Gamma Rays↗