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Biomedical subjects

N T Rotta

Publications and source records attributed to N T Rotta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Follow-up of patients with vertically-acquired HIV infection who are more than 9 years old.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of biological markers of infection and antiretroviral therapy on the survival rate and quality of life in children with vertically-acquired HIV infection. This retrospective study was performed between August and October 2000. Outcome measures were presence of neurological disease, CD4 cell count, cranial computerized tomography (CT), electroencephalogram (EEG), use of antiretroviral agents, and mortality. The presence of neurological disease and of pathological findings in cranial computed tomography, and the lack of biological monitoring are associated with poor prognosis. Follow-up of this population should continue to allow long-term assessment of the social and biological impact of vertically-transmitted HIV.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in students. Comparison between DSM-IV and neuropsychological criteria.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood condition, recognized as an important social-medical problem. The syndrome is characterized by motor system, perception, cognition and behavioral disturbances, compromising the learning of children with adequate intellectual potential. To investigate its prevalence in first grade pupils 484 children with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and neuropsychological criteria were examined. The prevalence of ADHD was 18% when the diagnosis was made using DSM-IV criteria; 3.5% when neuropsychological criteria was used, including, in addition to behavioral and psychometric aspects, a discrepancy in the evolutionary neurological examination, and 3.9% when motor persistence was taken into account. The prevalence of ADHD was higher among older children (92.4 months) only when DSM-IV criteria were used. We conclude that the use of DSM-IV criteria probably overestimates the prevalence of ADHD, since it detects another behavioral disorders. In this context, they may be useful as screening, since they have adequate pre-testing performance.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

[Assessment through P300 of epileptic and non-epileptic children and school performance].

Learning disability is common in epileptic children. Epilepsy has been associated with disorders of intelligence. Cognitive potential (P300) is considered to be a clinical aid in the neurophysiological measurement of the cognitive process. Ninety-nine children between the ages of 10 years and 11 years and 11 months formed our sample, with good and poor school performance. Group I, non-epileptic, had 64 children of whom 32 had good and 32 poor school performance. Group II, epileptic, had 35 children, of whom 21 had good and 15 poor school performance. No significant difference in P300 latency was found between Groups I and II. When groups were stratified based on school performance, Group I children with good school performance had P300 latency of 336 ms, while the ones with poor school performance had latency of 382 ms. Group II children with good school performance had P300 latency of 363, while the ones with poor school performance had latency of 400 ms. There was a statistically significant difference between the non-epileptic children with good school performance and the children with poor school performance, epileptic or not.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Benign rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic correlates.

Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is known for its dissociation from structural alterations. Nevertheless, the number of cases with reported organic lesions has been increasing. This led to the creation of two subgroups, "benign" and "non benign" BRE, and resulted in the need for additional parameters to define electrographic benignity. We assessed the possible associations between interictal electroencephalographic findings and clinical behavior in 60 BRE cases, testing four parameters of electrographic benignity (paroxysm morphology, horizontal dipole, base rhythms, laterality of rolandic spikes). We also assessed the relationship between neuroimaging findings and electrographic and clinical classifications, and found a statistically significant association (sensitivity=73.5%; specificity=81.8%; positive predictive value=94. 8%; negative predictive value=40.9%). Three of the electrographic parameters proposed were associated with clinical classification: paroxysm morphology, horizontal dipole, and base rhythms. Cases electrographically classified as benign have 21 times more chances to be equally classified as clinically benign according with the tested criteria.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

[Performance of literacy and cortical brain functions in a sample of first grade students of Porto Alegre, Brazil].

Cortical brain functions are the basis of the learning process and evolutionary neurological examination (ENE) provides the level of development of the brain. The purpose of this work was to study by means of the ENE the brain functions in a representative sample of first grade students of Porto Alegre, to investigate the learning performance. An observation, analytical and transversal delineated study was performed. The random sample had 484 children. It was observed: sex, age, race, weight, height, neurological examination, ENE, performance in the number sub-tests, completing figures and codes from WISC scale and literacy learning. The items of ENE were below the expected for the age in 11.4% and 38.2% of the children: the most affected ones were the sensitivity activity and gnosias (38.2%) and the least one was motor persistence (11.4%). In psychometric tests, 40.5% of the subjects had their development in numbers below the espected, 39.0% in accomplishing figures, 71.5% in codes. Concerning literacy, 94.4% of the children learned to read and write. The neuropsychological dysfunction and malestablished laterality were a risk factor for the learning process.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Analgesic use for headache treatment by schoolchildren of southern Brazil.

The importance of the use of analgesic medication for the symptomatic relief of pain has been underestimated in medical practice. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of tension-type and migraine-type headaches and the associated analgesic consumption for its treatment within elementary school students from Porto Alegre (Brazil). A systematic random sample of 538 students from 5th to 8th grades was produced to complete the cross-sectional delineation. Subjects were individually submitted to a structured interview on headache and to general physical and neurological examination. Lifetime prevalence for headaches was 93.3%, 82.9% of the students recalled having headaches during the last year and 31.4% reported headaches in the last week. The prevalence for headaches in the previous 24 h was 8.9%. There was a significant prevalence of headache in females. The prevalence of analgesic consumption was 84.1% throughout life, 85.7% in the last year, and 54% in the last 3 months. A significantly higher prevalence of headache medication consumption was also depicted for females. However, the small age differences within the sample did not appear to be an important factor in influencing analgesic use for headaches. Different agents composed the individual treatment of headaches, with predominant use of over-the-counter preparations. Acetylsalicylic acid, consumed by 58.3% of the children, was the drug most frequently used for both tension-type and migraine-type headache treatments. In spite of the verification that headache was very frequently experienced by the children composing this sample accompanied by a consequent use of analgesics, no medication abuse was diagnosed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Vigabatrin in refractory childhood epilepsy. The Brazilian Multicenter Study.

Children, 47, with various types of severe drug-resistant epilepsy were entered into a prospective, add-on, open trial with vigabatrin. Patients with West syndrome and idiopathic generalized epilepsies were excluded. Seven children had the drug withdrawn, five because of increase in seizure frequency and two because of adverse effects. Drug efficacy, measured according to seizure type, showed a 100% decrease in seizure frequency in 18.6% of partial seizures and 17.3% of the generalized seizures. There was a higher than 50% decrease in 39.5% of partial and 60.8% of generalized seizures, and less than 50% decrease or increase in seizure frequency in 41.8% and 21.8% of partial and generalized seizures, respectively. Vigabatrin mean dosage during phase 3 was 63.6 mg/kg per day (S.D. = 30.5), ranging from 19.3 to 110.5 mg/kg per day. Parametric statistical analysis (Student's t-test) of seizure frequency between phases 1 and 3 showed a significant decrease in seizure frequency for partial (P = 0.022), and generalized seizures (P < 0.0001). Drug-related adverse effects were observed in 18/47 cases (38.3%), consisting mainly of irritability, hyperactivity, dizziness, somnolence and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

From the foot-mouth reflex to the hand-mouth reflex. A continuum of responses to appendicular compression.

We studied the mouth opening response to appendicular compression in two groups of children. This study was performed with the intention of testing the semiologic role of the act of mouth opening following stimulation of various regions, based on the hand mouth reflex of Babkin. Group I was formed by 33 normal children who underwent monthly follow up assessments since birth; and group II consisted of 50 children older than 6 months of age, known to have a neurologic deficit and a neuro-psychomotor development equivalent to that of a child in the first trimester of life. We observed that the normal mouth opening response in group I was more pronounced following compression of the hand and forearm when compared to compression of the arm (p < 0.001). This response could persist for as long as the first 6 months of life. We were not able to elicit a mouth opening response following compression of the lower limb in this group. Among children from group II, we observed mouth opening responses to stimulation of all limb segments. Within the upper limb, the response was more pronounced following compression of the hand in comparison to the forearm (p < 0.01), and forearm in comparison to the proximal arm (p < 0.01). Stimulation of the foot was more effective in eliciting a mouth opening response when compared to equivalent stimulation of the lower leg (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference when responses to stimulation of the lower leg and thigh were compared. The presence of the previously unreported foot-mouth response may serve as an indicator of central nervous system compromise and could be associated with a poorer prognosis. We believe that our observations of the specific foot-mouth response patterns may serve as a marker of early neuro-psychomotor development dysfunction during childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Use of drugs in attention deficit hyperactivity disorders].

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder which is common in the childhood and can be caused by exogenous and endogenous factors, that are responsible for cerebral disorder. This disorder presents a functional alteration of the motor, perceptive, cognition systems and conduct disorders compromising the learning of children with an adequate intellectual potential. The authors study the action of stimulants and antidepressive drugs in the ADHD, using as measure of efficacy the motor persistence tests.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

[Importance of nutritional aspects in attention deficit hyperactivity disorders].

The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood syndrome that is recognized as an important medical-social problem, being the object of an exhaustive investigation related to its etiology, diagnostic approach and prevention, and treatment forms. Among the factors that can alter the cerebral function, is the malnutrition. The authors discuss the association of the syndrome with the nutritional condition of students from elementary schools.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic factors for recurrence of a first seizure during childhood.

This study was designed with the objective of evaluating the chance of recurrence in our area and to answer questions regarding prognostic factors capable of helping in the management of the first seizure in childhood. One hundred and thirty six children from 1 month to 12 years of age seen at the Pediatric Emergency Division of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre because of a first seizure with or without triggering factors were included in the study. The follow-up included 121 children. We concluded that family history of seizures, presence of triggering factors at first event, seizure type, seizure duration and paroxysmal electroencephalographic abnormalities were predictive factors for seizure recurrence. The recurrence in this sample was 36.36% during the study. Cumulative recurrence risks were 14.88%, 23.14%, 28.93%, 33.06% and 35.54% to 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months, respectively.

Child↗
PubMed1996

An epidemiologic study of headache among children and adolescents of southern Brazil.

To study the epidemiology of pediatric headache, we conducted a cross-sectional study of a randomized and proportional sample of 538 male and female students, 10 to 18 years old. They were in the 5th to 8th grade of the schools of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The headache disorders were classified on the basis of clinical interview as well as a physical and neurological examination using the operational diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). The following headache prevalences were found: lifetime, 93.2%; last year, 82.9%; last week, 31.4%; last 24 h, 8.9%. Last week and last 24 h headache complaints were twice as prevalent in the female group. During the last year the prevalence of headache disorders was 72.8% for tension-type and 9.9% for migraine headache and was not associated with age distribution. Only the last year and last week prevalences of tension-type headache were significantly higher in the female group. The last year prevalence of headache disorders proved to be positively associated with sex and age variables. The prevalence of headache disorders was found to be extremely high in this population group, requiring more attention on the part of investigators as a public health problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evolutional neurologic evaluation of seven year-old children born prematurely.

A sample of 51 children aged 7 with a history of prematurity was compared to 44 age-matched children who were born at term at the HCPA. The premature children had had gestational ages up to 37 weeks and 6 days and were born weighing less than 2,500 g. The control group consisted of children born with gestational age between 38 and 42 weeks and weights above 2,500 g. The evaluation criteria were clinical examination, neurological examination and the evolutional neurological evaluation (ENE). The results pointed out that impulsiveness, aggressiveness, disorganization and enuresis were prevalent symptoms of developmental disturbances in the sample of prematures. Alterations at neurological examination did not discriminate between the two groups, although cerebral palsy occurred only in the group of prematures. The ENE functions which differentiated the two groups studied were dynamic balance, appendicular and trunk-limb coordination and motor persistence.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison between the EEG of natural sleep and the induced by chloral hydrate in relation to paroxysmal changes and baseline rythm].

EEG changes associated with the use of chloral hydrate (50 mg/Kg) to induce sleep were evaluated in 50 epileptic children (ages 1 to 12 years), either taking no anticonvulsants or on monotherapy. It was observed that chloral hydrate was capable of inducing sleep without side effects and was capable of modifying the sleep EEG, improving organization of sleep spindles and generalized paroxysms.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Thyroid hormones in the symptomatology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Report of a case].

The approach to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders can be made by different ways. Among them, the role of thyroid hormones is considered prominent nowadays. The authors report the case of a five year-old boy with congenital hypothyroidism in association with developmental disorders which were manifested by psychomotor retardation, mainly in speech, hypotonia and bilateral hearing loss. Comments are made on the role of hormonal control for a good clinical response, particularly on attention and psychomotor activity.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1989

[Evolutive neurologic evaluation and cortical functions in a sample of children from the 1st grade of an elementary school].

The authors observed 24 children that are studying for the first time in the first grade of the elementary school. They were observed through the classical neurological examination, the evolutive neurological examination and through tests for evaluation of cortical functions. It is analyzed the school performance in report to the evolutive neurological performance and to the tests for cortical functions. Results obtained are compared and discussed. The authors conclude that the usage of these two evaluation instruments is able to discriminate the good from the bad school performance.

Achievement↗