Biomedical subjects

N T Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to N T Pedersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Assessment of activity during a 3-month period: clinical problems, diagnostic and therapeutic consequences].

All patients referred to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, during a period of three months, were recorded prospectively. In connection with the endoscopy, the investigator completed a questionnaire, related to demographic data, results of endoscopy and therapeutic suggestions. Six weeks later the general practitioner received a second questionnaire concerning diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. At the same time the patient received a third questionnaire, concerning therapeutic and psychological consequences. In all, 200 endoscopies were performed; 147 diagnostic and 53 controls. Of the former, 65 were open access and 82 were admitted to a medical department. We found that the endoscopies were well founded. There was a great diagnostic yield and the patients, in general, followed the therapeutic aim. Furthermore we found a noticeable psychologic effect, independent of endoscopic findings.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Chromosome painting as a supplement to cytogenetic banding analysis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization with biotin labeled chromosome-specific libraries was performed on short-term cultures from five cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The painting analysis proceeded in three stages. First-stage CISS hybridization was done with libraries specific for chromosomes that seemed to be lost or rearranged as judged by banding analysis. Second-stage CISS included hybridization with probes specific for chromosomes that, because of banding pattern similarities, were considered to be likely candidates to have contributed unidentified chromatin blocks in the abnormal karyotype. The third and final stage was a confirmation hybridization with a library specific for the chromosome that, at the stage two analysis, was found to have donated the previously unknown chromosomal segment. The aberrant chromosomes were often more complex than the banding analysis had led us to believe. Among the rearrangements whose nature was determined by CISS hybridization were two add(1)(p36) which, in both cases, were shown to be a der(1)t(1;2)(p36;q31). This study illustrates the potential use of chromosome painting in resolving karyotypic uncertainties in NHL, and it shows that new cytogenetic subgroups may emerge when classical banding analysis is supplemented with fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques.

Biotin↗

PubMed1992

[Effect of 1-year long-term treatment with sucralfate on symptomatic recurrence of duodenal ulcer].

One hundred and two patients, who obtained relief from their duodenal ulcer symptoms with sucralfate (Antepsin R) in a dosage of 2 g b.i.d. for four weeks, were randomized to maintenance therapy with sucralfate 2 g at bedtime or a placebo for one year or until possible recurrence of symptoms. Ninety-four patients completed the study, 46 on sucralfate and 48 on the placebo. Eighteen of the sucralfate-treated patients (39%) experienced relapse of symptoms, as did 36 (75%) of the placebo treated patients. This difference was significant (p = 0.0008). In the sucralfate group most of the symptoms recurred within three months after randomisation, whereas the relapse rate seemed constant in the placebo group. It is concluded that 2 g sucralfate at bedtime is effective in preventing recurrence of duodenal ulcer symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[99mTc-HMPAO leukocyte scintigraphy in inflammatory intestinal disease].

Eighteen patients, suspected of active inflammatory bowel disease, were investigated. The 99mTc-HMPAO-leucocyte scintigraphy was evaluated using the results of the simultaneous clinical examinations, which included clinical and biochemical parameters, small intestinal series, colonoscopy and, in two patients, operation, as reference. In agreement with the clinical examinations, the leucocyte scintigraphy indicated active inflammatory bowel disease in 14 of the 18 patients. The leucocyte scintigraphy disclosed inflammation in all of the 19 bowel segments, in which the clinical examinations indicated active inflammation. In three patients with Crohn's disease the scintigraphy indicated more extensive inflammation. A correlation between the scintigraphic activity and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index was found. However, the leucocyte scintigraphy did not seem useful as a disease activity index. The 99mTc-HMPAO-leucocyte scintigraphy seemed especially useful in severely ill patients and in patients suspected of relapse.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Identification of a whole-arm translocation by in situ hybridization with directly fluorochrome-labeled probes in a myelodysplastic syndrome.

A case of myelodysplasia was found to have a complex bone marrow karyotype, involving an apparent whole-arm translocation between 17q and 18q. The application of a simplified fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, using directly fluorochrome-labeled centromere-specific alpha-satellite DNA probes, demonstrated the presence of sequences from both chromosomes 17 and 18 in the centromere of the derivative chromosome. This proves that a true whole-arm translocation had occurred. The case exemplifies how in situ hybridization analysis can be used to resolve interpretation problems in cancer cytogenetics.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Toxicity and metabolism of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide in mice and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

The toxic effect of 3'-deoxyadenosine N1-oxide (3'-dANO) on mice, on their different organs, and on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied. In both healthy and tumour-bearing animals, the lethal dose for 10% of the mice receiving i.p. injections (LD10) of 3'-dANO was estimated to be about 300 mg/kg x 4 days in one mouse strain (Theiller). In another mouse strain (NMRI), we obtained a markedly higher LD10 value (675 mg/kg x 5 days). At nonlethal doses (250 mg/kg x 4 days), we observed reversible neurological symptoms on days 4-12 after treatment, but no macroscopical or microscopical changes was detected in the brain, heart, thymus, lung, lymph node, spleen, liver, kidney, bone marrow, or gastrointestinal tract. At doses of 450 mg/kg x 4 days, severe neurological symptoms were observed, and atony of the gastrointestinal canal and damage to the kidney and liver were registered. Even at doses that were lethal to the mice, no histopathological change was observed in the bone marrow or in the gastrointestinal canal. Pharmacokinetics studies showed that after the i.p. injection of 3'-dANO, the maximal plasma concentration was reached after 10 min, after which it declined showing a half-life of about 40 min. A transient accumulation of 3'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (3'-dATP) was observed within 24 h in the liver and kidney, with the maximal concentration being reached after about 2-3 h. 3'-dANO was excreted partly as the unchanged substance and partly as the metabolite 3'-deoxyinosine within 24 h. Flow-cytometric DNA analysis of Ehrlich tumor cells treated either in vitro or in vivo with 3'-dANO revealed no therapy-induced change in the cell-cycle perturbations, which indicates that cells were randomly killed during all phases of the cycle.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22) complicating Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia.

The reciprocal translocation (9;22)(q34;q11) is highly characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the pericentric inversion inv(16)(p13q22) is almost only found in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia of the myelomonocytic subtype (ANLL M4). Only twice before have an inv(16) and a t(9;22) been found in the same cells, and both times the patients seemed to have de novo ANLL M4. We describe the case of a 21-year-old man who in July 1986 presented with a clinically and hematologically classic chronic phase CML. Treatment with busulfan led to no improvement; instead in September 1986 he developed blast crisis with ANLL M4Eo morphology. He was now cytogenetically examined and the karyotype 45,X,-Y,t(9;22)(q34;q11),inv(16)(p13q22) was found. Southern blot analysis of the bone marrow DNA sampled at this time revealed a standard rearrangement in the 3' end of the M-bcr. Intensive cytostatic treatment caused cytopenia followed by complete hematologic, clinical, and cytogenetic reversal to chronic phase CML, so that in January 1987 the bone marrow karyotype was 46,XY,t(9;22)(q34;q11). Persistent splenomegaly was treated with splenectomy, and a chloroma of the skin was removed by irradiation. In March 1987 he received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Since then his only medical problem has been mild graft-versus-host disease; he is well and is working full time as a blacksmith.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. A study of 602 patients aged 70 or older from a Danish population-based registry. The Danish LYEO-Study Group.

Within a 7-year period 1,597 newly diagnosed cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were included in a Danish population-based NHL registry. Of these, 602 (38%) were aged 70 years or older (age range 70-94, median: 76.8). They represent the population defined as 'elderly' patients in the present study. The average annual incidence rate for this elderly patient population was 35.7/10(5), as compared with 6.6/10(5) for patients aged less than 70 (overall annual incidence: 9.5/10(5)). Localised cases (stage I and II) and extranodal manifestations were found more frequently among elderly patients. The most common sites of extranodal involvement were the stomach (21% of all extranodal cases) and the bone marrow (16%). Histologically, follicular centroblastic/centrocytic cases were found to be less frequent (p less than 0.01) in elderly patients as compared to their younger counterparts (less than 70 years), who in contrast had a lower occurrence of diffuse centroblastic cases (p less than 0.01). Overall 7-year survival for the elderly patient population was 35% (median 1.7 years), and for patients aged less than 70 it was 57%. This difference persisted after correction for apparently NHL-unrelated deaths (52% vs. 66%, respectively, p less than 0.0001). Elderly patients with poor prognosis were characterised by the following features identified in a Cox-regression model: hepatic involvement, presence of B-symptoms, high-grade histology and elevated s-LDH. The corresponding relative risk values were in the order 2.4, 2.2, 1.9 and 1.6.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Myelodysplastic syndromes in childhood: a population based study of nine cases.

Nine cases of de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in childhood from a population based study are presented. The annual incidence of MDS was 3.4/1,000,000 in children less than 15 years old, corresponding to 8.7% of all haematological malignancies in childhood. Two patients had Down's syndrome. None of the remaining patients had constitutional anomalies. All patients were classified according to the FAB classification. Five patients presented with refractory anaemia (RA), only one of these did not progress, one showed clonal evolution, and the remaining three patients all progressed to refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). Three patients presented with RAEB. Two progressed to overt leukaemia. The last patient was classified as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in five patients, in three of them as monosomy 7. Five patients have died; two of progressive disease, two of infections, and one of haemorrhage, two of the latter three patients died during therapy induced cytopenia. Of the four patients still alive, one patient showed a complete remission after cyclosporine and later immunoglobulin therapy, one patient is a long-term survivor after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and one patient apparently obtained a spontaneous remission several months after chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Re-emergence in remission of primary clone in acute myelogenous leukaemias with multiple chromosomal aberrations at diagnosis.

We describe the clinical, haematological and cytogenetic features of three patients who had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) with complex bone marrow karyotypes when first cytogenetically examined. Induction chemotherapy led to remission from the acute leukaemia. However, neither clinically nor morphologically did this remission mean a return to normal haematopoiesis. The two patients who displayed myelodysplastic features before and when AML was diagnosed, again developed myelodysplasia, and the third patient, who had a long history of polycythaemia vera, returned to this myeloproliferative condition. Nor was cytogenetic normalization achieved; instead, abnormal cell clones were found in which all but one of the karyotypic aberrations present at acute leukaemia diagnosis had disappeared. The solitary anomalies that were detected in these reemerging clones must correspond to the primary cytogenetic aberrations of the patients pre-leukaemic diseases. They were del(5) (q11q33) and del(17) (p11) in the two myelodysplastic cases, and der(18)t(9;18) (p11;p11) in the patient with long-standing polycythaemia vera. The other, secondary, aberrations were probably the leukaemogenic changes, and with the eradication or reduction of the subclones containing them, the leukaemic phenotype disappeared. The three cases add cytogenetic evidence to the growing understanding that the remission obtained in some AMLs is actually a return to a preleukaemic, myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic, syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Tissue localization of conglutinin, a bovine C-type lectin.

The distribution of bovine conglutinin (BK) in sections of frozen bovine tissues was studied by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique using a monospecific rabbit anti-BK antibody. BK was found in the cytoplasma of all hepatocytes, indicating that the liver is a major site of synthesis of BK. In the germinal centres of the spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes the anti-BK staining was restricted to a population of cells with a distribution and morphology characteristic of follicular dendritic cells. Macrophages in lung and thymus, and glia cells in cerebrum, revealed a granular staining reaction within the cytoplasma. Endothelial cells of blood vessels reacted with anti-BK. The intensity of this reaction varied greatly between the organs, the most pronounced reaction being seen in the glomeruli of the kidney, and in the capillary sinusoides of the cortex of the adrenal gland. The high endothelial venules of lymph nodes and tonsils were also stained. These findings suggest that BK, which until now has been described only as a circulating molecule, may exhibit a biological function within the BK-positive tissues.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1991

Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Danish LYFO Study Group.

In a Danish population-based non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) registry, 1257 newly diagnosed NHL cases were registered over a 5-year period. Of these, 463 (37%) were extranodal. The gastrointestinal tract was the most common site of extranodal involvement (30% of the cases). Histologically, 44% of all extranodal NHL cases had high-grade, 17% intermediate and 27% low-grade features, while 12% were unclassified. The most common histological subtype (Kiel) was the centroblastic diffuse (23% of cases). 50% of all extranodal NHL were localised (stage IE or IIE) and 27% had B symptoms. Site-specific features included a strong age-correlation for thyroid and testes lymphoma (greater than 50 years) and a high prevalence of female cases in thyroid and salivary glands lymphomas (M/F 0.14 and 0.30, respectively). Overall 7-year survival for extranodal NHL was 46% (median 4.9 years). Poor prognosis patients could be identified by the presence of one or more of the following presentation characteristics: age greater than 65 years, B symptoms, high-grade histology, disseminated disease, elevated s-IgA and hyperuricaemia. Relative risk values ranged from 2.1 for age and B symptoms to 1.7 for hyperuricaemia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistologic separation of B-cell-positive granulomas from B-cell-negative granulomas in paraffin-embedded tissues with special reference to tumor-related sarcoid reactions.

Frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were studied concurrently in 17 cases of granulomatous lesions of different etiologies using antibodies recognizing either fixation-sensitive or fixation-resistant antigens. In fixed tissues, the antibodies 4KB5 and L26 for B cells and UCHL1 and MT1 for T cells gave results similar to those obtained in frozen tissues with anti-leu-12/leu-14 for B cells and T-3 for T cells. Paraffin-embedded sections from 35 additional cases of granulomatous lesions were studied retrospectively using the same markers. The combined results from all 52 cases show that granulomas can be divided into two main "families" according to the presence or absence of B cells within the granulomas: one is a B-cell-negative family of lesions to which sarcoidosis and mycobacterial infection belong; the other is a B-cell-positive family of lesions to which toxoplasmosis, granulomatous lesions of unknown significance and tumor-related sarcoid reactions belong.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1991

The [14C]-triolein breath test is not valid as a test of fat absorption.

The [14C]-triolein breath test is used as a test of fat absorption. However, its validity has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether the absorption of [14C]-triolein could be estimated from the breath test, and whether the breath test could be useful as a clinical test. The [14C]-triolein absorption was estimated from faecal measurements, using 51CrCl3 as non-absorbable marker. The breath test was done according to the standard technique with hourly estimations of the 14CO2 expiration. Fifty-one patients participated. A nearly perpendicular, curvilinear relation between the 6-h cumulative 14CO2 expiration and the [14C]-triolein absorption was found, and no obvious cut-off level for normal 14CO2 expiration could be identified. Accordingly, the diagnostic sensitivity of the breath test was 80% at the expense of a specificity of 45%. In 19 patients duplicate measurements were done. A high intra- and inter-individual variation in the fraction of absorbed [14C]-triolein, expired within 6 h, was found. It is concluded that expiration of 14CO2 is influenced by factors other than the absorption of [14C]-triolein, and that the [14C]-triolein breath test is not useful as test of fat absorption.

Breath Tests↗

PubMed1991

A triple isotope technique for estimation of fat and vitamin B12 malabsorption in Crohn's disease.

A test for simultaneous estimation of vitamin B12 and fat absorption from stool samples was investigated in 25 patients with severe diarrhoea after operation for Crohn's disease. 51CrCl3 was ingested as a non-absorbable marker, 58Co-cyano-cobalamin as vitamin B12 tracer, and 14C-triolein as lipid tracer. Faeces were collected separately for 3 days. Some stool-to-stool variation in the 58Co/51Cr and 14C/51Cr ratios was seen. When the 58Co-B12 and 14C-triolein excretion was estimated in samples of the two stools with the highest activities of 51Cr, the variations of the estimates were less than +/- 10% and +/- 15% of the doses ingested, respectively. Twelve of the 25 patients were not able to collect faeces and urine quantitatively and separately. However, in all patients faeces with sufficient radioactivity for simultaneous estimation of faecal 58Co-B12 and 14C-triolein excretion from stool samples were obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Monitoring the effect of substitution therapy in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Twenty-three outpatients with chronic pancreatitis and severe exocrine insufficiency were studied for the purpose of comparing the effect of Pancrease, Pankreon, and Pankreatin by estimation of duodenal enzyme activity, the faecal fat excretion, and the faecal 14C-triolein-3H-oleic acid test and, at the same time, to evaluate these tests when monitoring outpatients. The three preparations did not disclose any significant difference in treating steatorrhoea. Pankreatin increased the meal-stimulated duodenal enzyme activity (p less than 0.01) and caused reduction in the faecal fat excretion (p less than 0.05), whereas no change in these variables were observed with Pankreon or Pancrease. The faecal 14C-triolein-3H-oleic acid test showed significant improvement in the 14C-triolein digestion with all three preparations (p less than 0.01). The faecal 14C-triolein-3H-oleic acid test was the most reliable when monitoring outpatients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Estimation of granulocyte and lymphocyte potassium in normal subjects and in patients treated with diuretics because of cardiovascular disease: a methodological study.

A method is described for measuring the potassium content in leukocytes using Percoll (R) density gradient centrifugation. Ninety subjects between 21 and 92 years formed the reference population. The magnesium content in leukocytes could not be estimated because of interaction between the ion and the Percoll (R) media. Sex, age, leukocytosis because of infection, physical stress, venous stasis did not interfere with the analysis. The potassium content was calculated per cell and per g-1 of DNA. The granulocyte potassium content was (median (range)) 37.4 (25.8-75.0) fmol/cell-1 or 2.9 (1.5-9.8) mmol g-1 DNA. The lymphocyte potassium content was 45.9 (26.4-69.6) fmol cell-1 or 3.3 (1.5-5.0) mmol g-1 DNA. The coefficient of variation (less than 10%) was not reduced by using cell DNA instead of cell number as reference. The interindividual variation was high, making the test unfit for clinical use. The leukocyte potassium content was not decreased in patients with acute myocardial infarction nor in patients treated with diuretics and potassium supplements because of cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Pancreatic insufficiency. Duodenal and jejunal pH, bile acid activity, and micellar lipid solubilization.

To investigate the course of postprandial lipid solubilization in nine patients with chronic, alcoholic pancreatitis, luminal contents were aspirated from the proximal part of the jejunum for 180 min after a meal containing 1.5% fat. Six of the patients had pancreatic insufficiency, whereas three patients were without insufficiency. pH was measured continuously at two sites: at the level of the papilla of Vater and the aspiration site. The fraction of bile acids in the micellar phase of the jejunal aspirates correlated positively to both pH in the aspirates (p less than 0.05) and the fraction of fat solubilized (p less than 0.02). pH was below 4.0 for a longer period of time in the patients with insufficiency, compared to the patients without. However, pH fluctuated rapidly, and there was no correlation between the continuously measured values at the aspiration site and values in the aspirates. Lipid solubilization was not correlated to the lipase activity in the aspirates. We conclude that acidic bile acid precipitation most likely plays a dominant role in the pathophysiology of pancreatic steatorrhea although the methods available are too crude to disclose the precise course of events.

Adult↗