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Biomedical subjects

N Sugaya

Publications and source records attributed to N Sugaya.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Five cases of thrombocytopenia induced by primary human herpesvirus 6 infection.

Five patients suffering from exanthem subitum with thrombocytopenia were confirmed as primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection by serological test. All cases had thrombocytopenia during the acute phase of exanthem subitum. The clinical features of these cases were benign, and all recovered without any specific treatment. Moreover, 4 of the 5 cases showed a mild elevation of hepatic transaminase during the same period, and other viral infections including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 7 were ruled out in these patients. It was speculated that direct inhibition of platelet production by the virus or cytokine induced by the virus-infected cells was the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia induced by primary HHV-6 infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Immunization with one dose of inactivated influenza vaccine].

In the winter of 1996, a total of 71 working adults from 20 to 60 (m = 37.3) years of age were immunized with one or two doses of inactivated influenza vaccine formulated in Japan. The reciprocal geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers [mean HI] and the percentage with a hemagglutination inhibition titer of > or = x 128 [percent > or = x 128], against A/ Yamagata/32/89 (H1N1), A/Uhan/359/95 (H3N2), and B/Mie/1/93 were significantly elevated by either doses. The pre-/post-vaccination mean HI of H1N1 were 61.5/668.4 with one dose, and 85.7/637.3 with two doses. The percent > x 128 were 36.5/96.2 with one dose, and 47.4/94.7 with two doses. No significant differences were apparent between one and two doses. Similarly, nonsignificant differences were observed for the other two antigens contained in the vaccine. We observed the sufficient immune response to only one dose of inactivated influenza vaccine, which emphasizes the merit of one dose method of influenza immunization.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test for diagnosis of influenza A virus infection].

A rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test, Directigen Flu A (Becton Dickinson, USA), was evaluated by using virus isolates and clinical specimens. The reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation. Directigen Flu A was reactive for all subtypes of human influenza A viruses, including reference strains of H1N1, H2N2 and H3N2. Moreover, H5N1 (Hongkong/156/97) was also detected by this kit. No cross reactivity was detected with other respiratory viruses. Directigen Flu A showed positive reaction with the solution containing influenza A virus of 2.4 x 10(3) pfu/assay. The rapid test demonstrated 77.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity for testing of throat swabs from children with respiratory symptoms. It showed higher sensitivity and specificity (92.1% and 100%) for testing of nasopharyngeal aspirates. Directigen Flu A should be useful for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A virus infection.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1998

[Use of amantadine for influenza A encephalopathy].

Recent experience in Japan has suggested that influenza A encephalopathy may occur more frequently than generally appreciated and may have a grave prognosis. Influenza A encephalopathy has been managed to date only with supportive measures, because the efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not efficacy of anti-viral therapy for encephalopathy has not yet been documented. During the period from January 1996 to February 1998, we treated two cases of influenza A encephalopathy with amantadine (6 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 7 days). Both became status epileptics and had loss of consciousness within 24 hours after the onset of illness. They recovered without sequelae and had no side effects from amantadine treatment. Amantadine may be useful in the treatment of influenza A encephalopathy.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1998

[Impact of influenza A virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization and use of rapid antigen test of influenza A virus].

From the winter of 1997 to the spring of 1988, a severe epidemic caused by influenza A (H3N2) developed in Japan. During the epidemic (December 1997 to February 1998), 239 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of Nippon Kokan Hospital: as many as 76 (31.8%) were hospitalized with influenza A (H3N2) infection. Most were young healthy children (mean age, 3.7 years), suggesting the need of influenza immunization for this age group. 110 specimens of hospitalized children were examined by rapid antigen test of influenza A virus (Directigen Flu A, Becton Dickinson, USA). The rapid test showed about 90% sensitivity and specificity, as compared with isolation and serum hemagglutination inhibition test. Directigen Flu A proved to be a reliable, rapid screen for influenza A from symptomatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical and bacteriological studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics. Kanagawa Research Group for Infectious Diseases of Children].

Following its introduction into the market, PAPM/BP (panipenem/betamipron) was clinically studied in 188 evaluable cases out of 207 cases primarily of respiratory infectious diseases treated at the pediatric departments of 15 hospitals. In the clinical evaluation, the drug proved effective in three of three cases of sepsis; three of three cases of suppurative meningitis; nine of ten cases of laryngopharyngitis, six of seven cases of tonsillitis, 56 of 63 cases of acute bronchitis, 90 of 98 cases of pneumonia, and one of one case of phyothorax, all of which are respiratory infectious diseases; one of one case of secondary infection of a chronic respiratory disease; and two of two cases of lymphadenitis, which is a disease of the soft dermal structure. The overall efficacy rate was 91.0% (171/188 cases). In the bacteriological study, Gram-positive bacteria were eliminated in five of five strains of S. aureus, 30 of 31 strains of S. pneumoniae (96.8%), and three of three strains of S. pyogenes. Gramnegative bacteria were eliminated in 15 of 17 strains of H. influenzae (88.2%), three of four strains of M. catarrhalis, and two of two strains of K. pneumoniae. The overall elimination rate was 92.1% (70/76 strains). In the 23 strains of S. pneumoniae that were examined, penicillin-resistant strains accounted for 56.5%, showing an elimination rate of 100%. No serious adverse effects were observed, and the incidence of adverse effects was 1.45%. As for abnormalities in laboratory tests, levels of GOT and GPT increased in eight cases (3.88%), LDH increased in one case (0.48%), and neutropenia occurred in one case (0.51%). These results suggest that PAMP/BP could be considered the first choice in the treatment of infectious diseases in pediatrics, due to its effectiveness and high level of safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Large sequential outbreaks caused by influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses in an institution for the mentally handicapped.

During the mixed epidemic caused by influenza A (H3N2) and B in the 1992-1993 season in Japan, large sequential outbreaks occurred in an institution for mentally handicapped people where none of the residents or staff members had been immunized. During the influenza A outbreak (A/ Beijing/32/92-like strain) in January, 37.0% of the residents (85/230) and 31.4% of the staff (75/239) had an influenza-like illness. During the influenza B outbreak (B/Panama/45/90- and B/Beijing/184/ 93-like strain) in late February, 59.0% of the residents and 24.3% of the staff had an influenza-like illness. As many as 25.2% of the residents had two episodes of influenza-like illness during the season, as opposed to only 5.4% of the staff members. Mixed epidemics probably have a severe impact on institutionalized high-risk people, adversely affecting them almost twice as much as influenza epidemics caused by a single virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of inactivated vaccine in preventing antigenically drifted influenza type A and well-matched type B.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of currently used inactivated influenza vaccine during a severe epidemic caused by antigenically drifted influenza type A(H3N2) and well-matched type B viruses during the 1992-1993 season. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING: An urban general hospital pediatric asthma clinic in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 137 children with moderate to severe asthma (mean age, 7.0 years; range, 2 to 14 years). INTERVENTION: Eighty-five children received trivalent split-antigen vaccine containing A/Beijing/352/89 (H3N2) and B/Bangkok/163/90 (B/Panama/45/90-like strain). Fifty-two were unvaccinated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Protection against infection was determined using hemagglutination inhibition test and virus isolation. Clinical efficacy was estimated based on febrile episodes with antibody rise or virus isolation. RESULTS: Although marked antigenic drift in hemagglutinin was demonstrated in the epidemic virus (A/Beijing/32/92-like strain), the protection against influenza type A(H3N2) infection was 67.5% (P < .01). The protection against influenza type B infection was 43.7% (P < .01), although the epidemic influenza type B viruses were antigenically almost identical to the vaccine strain. Inactivated vaccine was not effective for protection against influenza type B infection in children younger than 7 years. High clinical effectiveness was demonstrated in children at least 7 years of age during the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that current inactivated vaccine is highly effective for protection against influenza type A(H3N2) virus infection regardless of antigenic drift. In contrast, the protective efficacy obtained by vaccination may not be sufficient against influenza type B virus infection, and especially in young children, it does not offer protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Impact of influenza virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization.

From winter 1989 to spring 1990, a severe epidemic caused by influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses developed in Japan. During the epidemic (December 1989 to February 1990), 244 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of Nippon Kokan Hospital: 53 (21.7%) were hospitalized with influenza virus infection, 22 (9.0%) with rotavirus gastroenteritis, and 17 (7.0%) with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Among those with influenza, 24 had type A and 29 had type B. Most were young healthy children without underlying illnesses (mean age, 4.8 +/- 3.4 years). The impact of the influenza epidemic on pediatric hospitalization is probably much greater than generally thought when a severe epidemic occurs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Increased activities of cytosol aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum originate from lymphocytes in necrotizing lymphadenitis.

In three pediatric patients with necrotizing lymphadenitis, cytosol aminopeptidase activity (c-AP; EC 3.4.11.1) in serum was markedly increased to 509, 417, and 191 U/L, respectively (normal range 25-60 U/L). Lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) was also increased, with LD-3 predominating. The increased concentrations of c-AP and LD presumably originated from the destruction of infected, activated lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes. Necrotizing lymphadenitis is probably caused by a lymphocytotropic virus.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1989

Serum amphotericin B concentration in a very premature infant with disseminated candidiasis.

A 1,040-g premature baby was diagnosed to have disseminated candidiasis and treated with amphotericin B (AMB) and 5-fluorocytosine. During the treatment, an unexpectedly large dose of AMB was infused unintentionally. AMB level was as high as 1.73 micrograms/mL soon after 5 mg/kg infusion instead of 0.5 mg/kg. However, it dropped rapidly to 0.83 micrograms/mL after 24 hours. AMB was detected in patient's serum at a higher level than minimal inhibitory concentration as long as one month after treatment was stopped. The patient showed liver dysfunction but no nephrotoxicity. The further studies are needed to establish safe and effective treatment regimen in premature infants with disseminated candidiasis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1988

Increased cytosol aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum originating from lymphocytes in measles and rubella infection.

We determined cytosol aminopeptidase (c-AP; EC 3.4.11.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum; these enzymes are known to originate from lymphocytes in patients with measles and rubella. In patients with measles (n = 19), both enzyme levels increased markedly with the onset of rash: mean (+/- SD) c-AP was 269.7 +/- 103.5 U/L and LDH was 1149.5 +/- 255.2 U/L. In patients with rubella, activities of both enzymes increased mildly: c-AP (n = 18) was 81.6 +/- 24.4 U/L and LDH (n = 13) was 674.0 +/- 168.8 U/L. Increased c-AP and LDH levels in patients with measles and rubella presumably originate from the destruction of infected, activated lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes.

Alanine Transaminase↗