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Biomedical subjects

N Singh

Publications and source records attributed to N Singh.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients: association with candidemia and consumption coagulopathy and failure of prophylaxis with low-dose amphotericin B.

Invasive aspergillosis developed in three (5%) of 55 adult liver transplant recipients at our institution. All three of our patients had concomitant candidemia and consumption coagulopathy, and invasive aspergillosis developed while they were receiving therapy with intravenous amphotericin B (0.5 mg/[kg.d]). The simultaneous occurrence of candidemia and invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients may reflect a common defect in the host-defense mechanism against Candida and Aspergillus organisms (i.e., impaired phagocytic and mononuclear macrophage function) and liver disease per se. These three cases suggest that such low-dose intravenous amphotericin B will likely be ineffective if used as antifungal prophylaxis for invasive aspergillosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical analysis of Hodgkin's disease using microwave heating.

AIMS: To assess the effect of microwave heating on immunohistochemical staining of CD15 and CD30 antigens in Hodgkin's disease tissue samples. METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded sections from 20 cases of Hodgkin's disease (six mixed cellularity, 14 nodular sclerosis) were immunostained for CD15, using two antibodies (DAKO-M1 and Leu-M1) and for CD30 using the antibody Ber-H2. The staining was carried out by conventional techniques which included pretreatment of sections with trypsin and on untreated sections following heating with microwaves. With antibody Leu-M1 an additional method, using a specific antimouse IgM bridge both with and without microwave heating, was also included. The results for each method were compared by counting positively stained Reed-Sternberg cells and estimating the staining intensity. RESULTS: Microwave heating resulted in a substantial increase in the number of cells stained with antibodies to CD15 and also in the staining intensity. The best results were obtained using Leu-M1 with specific rabbit anti-mouse IgM bridge and microwave heating. Dramatic enhancement of the staining of Reed-Sternberg cells for CD30 was achieved following microwave heating, together with disappearance of the non-specific staining of plasma cells. CONCLUSION: Microwave heating is strongly recommended for the immunohistochemical staining of CD15 and CD30 expressed by Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in multidrug resistant enteric fever in adults.

Twenty-five out of 55 patients of enteric fever were documented as multidrug resistant enteric fever cases. In the resistant cases the drug sensitivity of salmonella species in vitro were mainly augmentin, ceftriaxone, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Sixteen patients were treated with ciprofloxacin and 9 were treated with norfloxacin for 14 days. Fever touched normal in 62.5% cases with ciprofloxacin and in 33.3% cases with norfloxacin by the 7th day. It became normal in 88% with ciprofloxacin and in 66% with norfloxacin by the 10th day and it became normal in 100% cases in each group by the 14th day. The newer 4-quinolones can be recommended in multidrug resistant enteric fever in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trichuris vulpis infection in an Indian tribal population.

Stools from 28 of the 82 inhabitants on remote Little Andaman Island in India were examined for parasite eggs and cysts. Trichuris trichiura eggs were found in 27, Trichuris vulpis eggs in 5, Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in 3, hookworm eggs in 15, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli cysts each in 9, Giardia lamblia in 6, Retortamonas sp. in 3, Iodoamoeba sp. in 2, and Chilomastix sp. in 2 stools. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were not seen. The occurrence of T. vulpis eggs in 5 stools and the absence of A. lumbricoides eggs were considered unusual findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A slow obligatory proton release step precedes hydride transfer in the liver glutamate dehydrogenase catalytic mechanism.

We have used the stopped-flow indicator dye method to measure proton release and product formation simultaneously in the initial transient-state portion of the glutamate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidative deamination of L-glutamate. We observe a measurably slow release of a proton from the enzyme-NADP-L-glutamate complex. This proton release precedes the hydride transfer step, as indicated by the distinct lag in the product formation signal. We show that the proton release step corresponds to an obligatory intermediate in the reaction sequence. We also find that compounds which are competitive inhibitors of L-glutamate are capable of inducing this phenomenon. We prove that this unanticipated prehydride transfer event cannot be due to the release of an alpha-amino group proton from the substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Plasma hormonal and electrolyte alterations in cycling buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during hot summer months.

Plasma levels of progesterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and electrolytes were monitored by radioimmunoassay in ten cycling buffaloes maintained at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the hot summer months of June-July. The plasma progesterone concentration ranged from 0.28 +/- 0.04 to 3.09 +/- 0.03 ng/ml at various stages of the oestrous cycle. Prolactin values ranged from 319 +/- 23 to 371 +/- 25 ng/ml and LH levels from 0.95 +/- 0.05 to 1.35 +/- 0.08 ng/ml. Concentrations differed significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) at various stages of the cycle. Levels of electrolytes, viz. Ca++, Na+ and K+, were well within the normal range. The high levels of prolactin, progesterone and LH during the hot summer were assessed in relation to poor reproductive efficiency in buffaloes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

How to make a glycoinositol phospholipid anchor.

Essentially all eukaryotic cells express proteins on their surface that are anchored by a glycoinositol phospholipid. This anchor moiety may endow such proteins with unusual properties. The definition of the biosynthetic path that constructs these anchors is now in its final stages. Mutations that interrupt this path are, remarkably, compatible with survival of cells in culture, but are associated with at least one human disease.

Acylation↗
PubMed1992

Relationship of cross-brain oxygen content difference, cerebral blood flow, and metabolic rate to neurologic outcome after near-drowning.

We evaluated the relationship of global cerebral blood flow, cross-brain oxygen content difference, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure to functional neurologic outcome in 12 comatose children on 2 consecutive days after near-drowning. Five children survived with functional neurologic outcome; five died and two survived with severe neurologic damage. Children who survived with functional neurologic outcome had a significantly higher cross-brain oxygen content difference (7.89 +/- 2.62 vs 3.91 +/- 1.59 ml/dl; p = 0.028) at 24 hours and a higher cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen 48 hours after admission (3.19 +/- 2.86 vs 0.96 +/- 0.45 ml/100 gm per minute; p = 0.030) compared with those who died or survived in a damaged state. There were no significant differences in global cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure between groups at either 24 or 48 hours. Our preliminary data suggest that a higher cross-brain content difference value is an important early variable associated with functional neurologic recovery after near-drowning. However, a single cross-brain oxygen content difference value must be interpreted with caution because considerable variability may occur among patient groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Successful treatment of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium chelonae: case report and review.

During the past decade, Mycobacterium chelonae has been recognized with increasing frequency as a pulmonary pathogen. A review of previously reported cases reveals that most patients with pulmonary infections due to M. chelonae are nonimmunosuppressed but have underlying chronic lung disease. The infection is notably absent among blacks. M. chelonae organisms are characterized by a high degree of in vitro resistance to antituberculous drugs, and attempts at eradicating the organism through chemotherapy have been largely unsuccessful. The case of a 63-year-old previously healthy woman with progressive bilateral pulmonary disease due to M. chelonae is reported; she was treated successfully with a combination of cefoxitin and orally administered ciprofloxacin. Our experience supports the use of quinolones in combination with other active agents for the treatment of pulmonary infection due to M. chelonae.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1992

Osteomyelitis due to Veillonella parvula: case report and review.

Anaerobic gram-negative cocci of the genus Veillonella are generally normal flora of the oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. When isolated in clinical specimens, these bacteria are usually regarded as commensal organisms rather than as pathogens. We report a case of spinal osteomyelitis in which Veillonella parvula was isolated in pure culture from bone as well as blood. Osteomyelitis of the spine due to anaerobic bacteria may occur more frequently than has been recognized, and anaerobic cultures of biopsy specimens should be routinely performed.

Bacteremia↗