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N Shinozaki

Publications and source records attributed to N Shinozaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Construction of a chimeric shuttle plasmid via a heterodimer system: secretion of an scFv protein from Bacillus brevis cells capable of inhibiting hemagglutination.

Passive immunization is an attractive therapy for preventing oral diseases including dental caries and periodontal disease. For this purpose, we attempted to produce a single chain variable fragment, scFv, which inhibited hemagglutination using the Bacillus brevis protein-producing system. To accomplish this, a novel strategy, a heterodimer system, was used for the construction of a chimeric shuttle plasmid. Initially, a set of new plasmids, kanamycin-resistant donor and erythromycin-resistant general cloning plasmids, were constructed. p15A ori was a common replication origin in these plasmids, while the pUB110 rep and minus origin (MO) were cloned into the donor plasmid. Next, the secretion domain of the B. subtilis alpha-amylase gene and the G2-4 gene, coding for the scFv protein, were cloned into the general cloning plasmid and fused by PCR. Both the donor plasmid and the general cloning plasmid containing the fused gene were digested with NotI and them ligated, a dimeric plasmid being constructed. The key restriction sites, AscI, are arranged such that the pUB110 rep-MO moiety was switched from the donor to the general cloning plasmid following AscI digestion. The chimeric shuttle plasmid was readily constructed by simple re-circularization and a B. brevis transformant producing the scFv protein in the culture fluid was isolated.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

The effect of deviant stimulus probability on the human mismatch process.

The present study addresses the separate activities of frontal and temporal MMN generators which might be differentially affected by a change in the probability of standard stimuli. As the probability of standard stimuli was increased, the frontal MMN component significantly increased in amplitude, while the temporal one was not affected. Correspondingly, the scalp current density (SCD) maps showed that the temporal MMN generator was activated even at low probability of standard stimuli, suggesting that even the weak memory trace could start the automatic mismatch process, whereas the frontal MMN generator was activated only with increased probabilities of standard stimuli, suggesting that the stronger the memory trace is, the easier it might trigger the involuntary switching of attention to stimulus change.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

Automatic auditory information processing in sleep.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the event-related potentials reflects the automatic detection of sound change. Only a few researchers have investigated the MMN elicitation during sleep in adult human and some of them reported that MMN amplitude was decreased in sleep compared to in waking. However, it is not clear that the decrease of MMN amplitude was due to increased drowsiness or long-term response decrement. Two experiments were conducted to clarify whether or not the MMN was elicited in each sleep stage. We presented auditory stimuli to subjects continuously from waking until sleep state (Experiment 1). Using the same experimental condition, we examined whether or not MMN amplitude was influenced by long-term stimulus presentation (80min.) and by vigilance level (Experiment 2). DESIGN: N/A SETTING: N/A PARTICIPANTS: N/A INTERVENTIONS: N/A MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS: Experiment 1: MMN was obtained in both drowsiness and REM sleep. MMN was significantly smaller in amplitude and shorter in latency in the both stages than in the waking state. However, MMN was not found in another sleep stage. Experiment 2: Amplitudes were no different among 0-20 min., 20-40 min., 60-80 min. But it was decreased in 40-60 min. and power value of alpha-wave was decreased in 40-60 min. CONCLUSIONS: To obtain the reliable data, by using the automatic spectral analysis, we confirmed that MMN was elicited in REM sleep. MMN was not influenced by long-term stimulation. The result suggested that auditory stimuli could be processed in the pre-attentive sensory memory even in REM sleep.

Adult↗

Mismatch negativity (MMN) reveals sound grouping in the human brain.

To investigate a part of the structure of the memory trace, auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from reading subjects while they were presented with two different stimulus-series simultaneously. A clear mismatch negativity (MMN) was obtained from each series, when the stimulus sequence consisted of a high-frequency series and a low-frequency series. Moreover, the MMN showed independent elicitation within each series. However, if the frequency range of one series overlapped with that of the other series, the amplitude of the MMN was prominently reduced, suggesting that the two processing functions indexed by MMN coexisted simultaneously in the preattentive acoustic system and were produced by the respective grouping of high-frequency tones and low-frequency tones.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

Production, characterization, and application of monoclonal antibodies which distinguish four glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus sobrinus.

A 1,3-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-I), a highly branched 1, 6-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-U) and a 1,6-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-T) were purified to near homogeneity from the culture fluid of Streptococcus sobrinus strain B13N (serotype d) and characterized. In addition, a crude preparation of a recombinant oligo-isomaltosaccharide synthase (rGTF-S) was prepared from a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli MD124 transformant. Using four homogeneous GTF preparations including previously purified rGTF-S as antigens for immunization, 11 murine hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) were established through the fusion of myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8-U1) and spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice. When the immunoreactivities of the resultant MAbs were tested, all five MAbs raised against GTF-I, all three MAbs raised against GTF-T, and two of three MAbs raised against GTF-U reacted specifically with the homologous enzyme alone, while one MAb (B86) raised against GTF-U cross-reacted strongly with all GTFs. Although no MAb monospecific for rGTF-S was obtained, precise recognition of GTF-S was possible using the nonspecific B86 antibody together with the MAbs monospecific for the three glucan synthases. Thus, a set of four typical MAbs (B17, B76, B19 and B86) were successfully used for the identification of gene products expressed in 24 previously constructed E. coli phage clones, and the findings suggested that six phage clones might express a gtfU gene encoding GTF-U which has not been hitherto isolated.

Animals↗

Prevalence of migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon in Japanese patients with vasospastic angina.

The prevalence of migraine and Raynaud's phenomenon in Japanese patients with vasospastic angina (group I) were compared with those in 2 control groups: one with effort angina (group II) and the other group without known ischemic heart disease (group III). There were no significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to age and sex. The prevalence of migraine in group I was 23 of 100, as compared with 4 of 100 in group II (p<0.01) and 11 of 100 in group III (p<0.05). The prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in group I was 9 of 100, as compared with 3 of 100 in group II and 4 of 100 in group III. Thus, in Japan, the prevalence of migraine in patients with vasospastic angina was higher than those in the 2 control groups, whereas the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in Japanese patients with vasospastic angina was different from that reported from North America, although the prevalence of migraine was the same. This may be partially explained by racial differences.

Aged↗

[The day surgery system].

The day surgery system was established in order to satisfy the demand of healthy patients, and we have performed more than 40 types of operation under this system so far. The critical path is an indispensable tool for ensuring safety and efficiency, and the care coordinator is the key person to manage the system for that purpose. In addition, the cost management technique focusing on DRG/PPS and risk management to increase patient satisfaction are particularly important because we must manage numerous surgical cases. The day surgery system is evaluated in relation to the primary education program for surgeons. Such education not only impacts medical and surgical skills, but also is a good opportunity for training in the basic bedside manner to offer the best service to patients.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗

Treatment of severe ocular-surface disorders with corneal epithelial stem-cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Conditions that destroy the limbal area of the peripheral cornea, such as the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and chemical and thermal injuries, can deplete stem cells of the corneal epithelium. The result is scarring and opacification of the normally clear cornea. Standard corneal transplantation cannot treat this form of functional blindness. METHODS: We performed and evaluated 70 transplantations of corneal epithelial stem cells from cadaveric eyes into 43 eyes of 39 patients with severe ocular-surface disorders and limbal dysfunction. Medical treatment had failed in all patients. The patients had a mean preoperative visual acuity of 0.004 (only being able to count the number of fingers presented by the examiner) in the affected eyes, which satisfies the criteria for legal blindness in most countries. In 28 eyes, we also performed standard corneal transplantation. Stem-cell transplantations were performed as many as four times on 1 eye if the initial results were not satisfactory; 19 eyes had multiple transplantations. Patients were followed for at least one year after transplantation. RESULTS: A mean of 1163 days after stem-cell transplantation, 22 of the 43 eyes (51 percent) had corneal epithelialization; of the 22 eyes, 7 eyes had corneal stromal edema and 15 eyes had clear corneas. Mean visual acuity improved from 0.004 to 0.02 (vision sufficient to distinguish the largest symbol on the visual-acuity chart from a distance of 1 m) (P<0.001). The 15 eyes in which the cornea remained clear had a final mean visual acuity of 0.11 (the ability to distinguish the largest symbol from a distance of 5 m). Complications of the first transplantation included persistent defects in the corneal epithelium in 26 eyes, ocular hypertension in 16 eyes, and rejection of the corneal graft in 13 of 28 eyes. The epithelial defects eventually healed in all but two of the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of corneal epithelial stem cells can restore useful vision in some patients with severe ocular-surface disorders.

Adult↗

Evidence of long-term survival of donor-derived cells after limbal allograft transplantation.

PURPOSE: Severe destruction of the corneal limbus causes conjunctival invasion and subsequent visual loss. Limbal allograft transplantation (LAT) was recently proposed for the treatment of these disorders. However, whether the method functions as a stem cell transplantation of the corneal epithelium remains unclear. This study provided evidence that donor-derived corneal epithelial cells survive long after LAT. METHODS: Epithelial cells on the paracentral cornea in patients who have undergone LAT were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. X and Y chromosomes were detected using sex chromosome-specific probes in the FISH analysis, and HLA-DPBI antigens were examined in the RFLP analysis. Eyes receiving conventional penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) served as controls. RESULTS: Donor-derived epithelial cells were detected in three of five eyes (60.0%) in the FISH analysis and in seven of nine eyes (77.8%) in the RFLP analysis. Among these eyes, one and three eyes in the FISH and RFLP analysis, respectively, had both donor- and recipient-derived cells. In control PKP eyes, none of the eyes in the FISH analysis and one of eight eyes (12.5%) in the RFLP analysis had donor-derived cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that donor-derived cells survive much longer after LAT than those after PKP, and that LAT may function as stem cell transplantation of the corneal epithelium.

Adolescent↗

Application of the resident plasmid integration technique to construct a strain of Streptococcus godronii able to express the Bacillus circulans cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase gene, and secrete its active gene product.

A novel transformation technique, resident plasmid integration, for the cloning of foreign DNA in oral streptococci was described recently (T. Shiroza and H.K. Kuramitsu, Plasmid 34 (1995) 85-95. This technique is based on the integration of linearized foreign genes by recombination-proficient bacteria onto a resident plasmid, if an appropriate selection marker is flanked by the same anchor sites present in the resident plasmid. Since the transforming vehicles for this system included a pUC-derived replication origin, the high level expression in Escherichia coli cells hindered the cloning of certain genes. In the present study, new plasmids were constructed, two resident plasmids, four integration plasmids, and four cloning plasmids, all of which possess the medium-copy number replication origin, p15A ori, isolated from pACYC177. The resident plasmids consisted of the following three components: the p15A ori (0.65-kb Bg/II fragment), the pVA380-1 basic replicon functional in mutans streptococci (2.5-kb BamHI fragment), and either an erythromycin resistance or a spectinomycin resistance gene (0.9- or 1.1-kb BamHI fragment, respectively). Most of the basic replicon of pVA380-1, except for the 3'-portion of the 0.2-kb region, in the resident plasmid was replaced with a kanamycin resistance gene to construct the four integration plasmids. Therefore, the upstream and downstream anchor sites for the double cross-over event in this new system were 0.65-kb p15A ori and the 0.2-kb portion of the 3'-end of pVA380-1 replicon, respectively. This system was used to clone the gene coding for cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase which produces cycloisomaltooligosaccharide, a potent inhibitor of oral streptococcal glucosyltransferase, isolated from Bacillus circulans chromosome, into Streptococcus gordonii, and its gene product was successfully secreted into the culture media. Plasmids described here should be useful tools for introducing heterologous DNA into resident plasmids following integration in oral streptococci.

Bacillus↗

Real-time telemedicine in the clinical assessment of the ocular surface.

PURPOSE: To report the feasibility of real-time video and audio transmission of slit-lamp images of the eye using conventional telephone systems. METHOD: We analyzed the feasibility and benefits of telemedicine in the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface disorders in referral patients using a real-time audio-video system that functions through integrated services digital network lines at a transmission speed of 384 kilobytes per second. RESULTS: Real-time slit-lamp images obtained through integrated services digital network lines offered satisfactory visual resolution of the ocular surface for the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface and corneal disease, while simultaneous audio transmission allowed for direct communication with the patient and attending physician when necessary. CONCLUSION: Telemedicine using conventional telecommunication infrastructures offers sufficient information for the diagnosis and follow-up of ocular surface disorders in referral patients.

Computer Communication Networks↗

Effects of surfactants on glucosyltransferase production and in vitro sucrose-dependent colonization by Streptococcus mutans.

The presence of Tween 80 in media was associated with a significant increase in three glucosyltransferases(GTFs)(I, SI and S), especially GTF-I, produced by Streptococcus mutans strain PS14, indicating that the surfactant is a major cause of the enhanced GTF production observed in cultures in M4 medium. Lecithin and Tween 20 also enhanced GTF-I production, while Triton X-100 depressed it. At a lot concentration of 0.00125%, Tween 80 enhanced markedly only GTF-I production and its effect reached maximum at a concentration of 0.0025%. Water-insoluble glucan synthesis and artificial plaque formation (in vitro sucrose-dependent colonization) by PS14 were significantly enhanced by the addition of Tween 80 at concentrations over 0.00125%. These results suggest that surfactants might vary the cariogenic potential of Strep. mutans even at low concentrations.

Bacterial Adhesion↗

Somatosensory automatic responses to deviant stimuli.

We studied event-related potentials (ERPs) produced in response to deviant stimuli in a sequence of somatosensory stimuli which were measured under stimulus-ignoring conditions. A change in the repetitive somatosensory input elicited not only a frontal negativity which was similar to the somatosensory mismatch negativity very recently reported by Kekoni et al. [J. Kekoni, H. Hämäläinen, M. Saarinen, J. Gröhn, K. Reinikainen, A. Lehtokoski, R. Näätänen, Rate effect and mismatch responses in the somatosensory system: ERP-recordings in humans, Biol. Psychol. 46 (1997) 125-142] but also a positive deflection ranging in latency from 100 to 200 ms. This somatosensory change-related positivity was reduced with prolongation of the interstimulus interval (ISI) and was different from the responses to the deviant stimuli when they were presented alone. These findings suggest that the somatosensory change-related positivity is probably generated not by activation of new afferent elements but by a detection of change in a process of comparison with sensory memory.

Adult↗

Rapid isolation of chromosomal DNA from oral streptococci and polymerase chain reaction-oriented restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis for genetic heterogeneity.

We have extensively modified the published method for the lysis of gram-positive bacteria to isolate chromosomal DNA from only 1 ml of oral streptococcal overnight culture. Cells were incubated with lysozyme and R Nase A in the presence of polyethylene glycol. After centrifugation, cells were lysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate and proteinase K. Following ethanol precipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was added to the residue, and the pellet was completely dispersed by incubating at 65 degrees C. The chromosome was purified by extraction over phenol and chloroform. Two regions corresponding to the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operon and the glucosyltransferase gene were amplified using the chromosome from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genetic heterogeneity was assessed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The PCR-RFLP analysis readily allowed us to subtype each strain, suggesting that the strategy presented here will provide a useful tool to verify epidemiological studies at the molecular level.

Base Sequence↗

Transplantation of amniotic membrane and limbal autograft for patients with recurrent pterygium associated with symblepharon.

AIM: Treatment of recurrent pterygium associated with symblepharon requires both suppression of fibrosis and reconstruction of limbal barrier. To achieve this, human amniotic membrane was transplanted and limbal autografts performed. METHODS: Four patients with severe symblepharon resulting from multiple surgeries for pterygium were treated. Human amniotic membrane was obtained at caesarean section and preserved until surgery. After excision of the fibrous tissues, the amniotic membrane was placed on the sclera, and a limbal autograft transplantation was performed using limbal tissues taken from the affected eye. RESULTS: Recurrence of symblepharon was not observed in any of the patients and significant suppression of the subconjunctival fibrosis was achieved. Ocular movement improved in all cases. Complete remission of pterygium regrowth occurred in three cases, and a slight (about 1 mm) recurrence occurred in one case. The limbal donor site showed the presence of mild depressions without the formation of pseudopterygium. CONCLUSION: Transplantation of human amniotic membrane with a limbal autograft appears to be a promising surgical treatment for reconstructing the ocular surface in patients with recurrent pterygium associated with symblepharon.

Aged↗

Nitric oxide modulates cardiac contractility and oxygen consumption without changing contractile efficiency.

Nitric oxide (NO) affects myocardial contractility and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) in vitro. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs instrumented for the measurements of left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV volume using a conductance catheter, coronary blood flow, and coronary venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) using a fiber-optic catheter, LV end-systolic pressure-volume relationships (ESPVR) and the relationship between MVO2 and LV pressure-volume area (PVA) were analyzed before and after intravenous infusions of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA; 5 mg/kg, 8 dogs) and the NO substrate L-arginine (600 mg/kg, 7 dogs). L-NMMA increased the slope of the ESPVR (Emax) (P < 0.05) without changing contractile efficiency indicated by the inverse of the slope of the MVO2-PVA line. L-NMMA also increased unloaded MVO2, indicated by the y-axis intercept of the MVO2-PVA line (P < 0.05). In contrast, L-arginine decreased Emax (P < 0.05) while decreasing MVO2 (P < 0.05), and without changing contractile efficiency. The basal oxygen metabolism was not affected by L-NMMA and L-arginine. These data imply that endogenous NO spares MVO2 by reducing oxygen use in excitation-contraction coupling and attenuates cardiac contractility without changing contractile efficiency.

Animals↗