Biomedical subjects
N Shah
Publications and source records attributed to N Shah.
Australia antigen testing for various blood products.
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Anaemia in young primigravidae in the guinea savanna of Nigeria: sickle-cell trait gives partial protection against malaria.
Haematological indices, malarial parasitaemia, serum and red cell folate (SFA, RCF), serum vitamin B12 and haemoglobin (Hb) electrophoretic patterns were studied in 228 non-elite young Hausa primigravidae at less than 24 weeks of gestation. The study was conducted in the guinea savanna of Nigeria, where malaria is hyperendemic. Ninety-nine (43%) were anaemic (Hb less than 11.0 g dl-1). The commonest cause of anaemia was malaria, in 28% of all and 40% of anaemic subjects. Plasmodium falciparum was predominant; P. malariae was seen in 1.3% and P. ovale was not recorded. Parasitaemia was more frequent and more dense in the wet than the dry season. Iron deficiency was diagnosed in 18% of all and 25% of anaemic women; 14% of all patients were folate-deficient; high MCV and MCH correlated with anaemia, and low SFA was associated weakly with anaemia and malaria. Serum vitamin B12 was normal or high in all 145 in whom it was measured; 3% had congenital elliptocytosis, but this did not contribute to the anaemia. Sickle-cell trait was present in 26% and Hb-AC in less than 1%. Hb-AS was associated with significantly lower frequency and density of P. falciparum; this has not been demonstrated in pregnancy in Africa previously. However, the parasitological advantage was not reflected in any haematological advantage. The roles of malaria, folate-deficiency and iron-deficiency in the causation of anaemia in Hausa primigravidae will be defined further by a double-blind trial of antimalarial prophylactics, iron supplements and folic acid supplements.
Functional organization of the placental alkaline phosphatase polypeptide chain.
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Peroperative cholangiography--Karachi experience.
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Tumor immunolocalization using monoclonal antibodies which bind placental alkaline phosphatase.
Increased levels of PLAP in the serum of patients with certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer and seminoma, indicate that PLAP may be a useful marker for detection of those tumors. Our goal was to further examine the usefulness of PLAP as a tumor marker by investigating the possibility that monoclonal antibodies binding PLAP may be useful for detection of the growth and metastasis of tumors which express the enzyme. Thus, we developed an experimental system where both a PLAP- positive and PLAP- negative tumor were grown in nude mice. The mice were then injected with radioactively-labeled F(ab)'2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody. The results are in accord with those of others and indicate that the monoclonal antibody localized in the PLAP-positive tumor 10 times or more often than it localized in the PLAP-negative tumor or in normal mouse tissues. Therefore, PLAP would appear to be a useful marker for the immunodetection of certain tumors in humans by external scintigraphy. PLAP may similarly be effective as a target for the delivery of toxic reagents to tumor cells in vivo using drugs conjugated to PLAP-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Oropharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma. Report of two cases and review of the literature.
Two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma involving the oropharynx are described. The pathology of the condition is reviewed and the problems of treatment outlined.
Cholesteatoma surgery; transcanal approach.
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Unusual manifestations of aortic dissection.
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Effect of dietary fiber components on fecal nitrogen excretion and protein utilization in growing rats.
The effects of purified fiber components and wheat bran on several indices of protein utilization were determined in growing rats. A control diet containing 10% casein was diluted with either cellulose (C), pectin (P), lignin (L), guar gum (G), or wheat bran (W) at fiber levels ranging from 3% to 20%. All fibers except C caused a decrease in net protein ratio (NPR) as compared to the control casein diet. This depression in NPR increased as the dietary fiber level increased. Apparent and true nitrogen digestibilities also decreased with all fibers at all levels. At the highest level of fiber (20%) the depression was greater for G and W and was least for C. NPR when divided by digestibility (analogous to biological value) decreased with P,L, W (all levels) and G (20% level) but not with C. When rats were fed fiber without protein, there was increased excretion of endogenous fecal nitrogen with all fibers at all levels. The results demonstrate that fiber(s) affected protein utilization as measured by NPR, digestibility and endogenous fecal nitrogen excretion and that the negative effect increased with the level of fiber consumed.
Silicone disc for myringoplasty-tympanoplasty.
A sterile, fenestrated, circular disc of silicone for use on the outer surface of the graft during myringoplasty-tympanoplasty is described. It allows effective firm packing in the canal without distortion, displacement or lateralization of the graft.
Effects of fasting and refeeding in the rat on adipocyte metabolic functions and response to insulin.
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The incidence and serotypes of Clostridium perfringens on beef, pork and lamb carcasses.
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Familial periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism.
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Premature labor treatment with ritodrine in multiple pregnancy with three or more fetuses.
Modern treatment for anovulatory infertility increases the incidence of multiple pregnancies with three or more fetuses and predisposes to prematurity with high perinatal mortality and mortidity. Premature labor was successfully treated in four multifetal pregnancies with ritodrine hydrochloride, a beta-mimetic drug relaxing the uterus. Another patient misdiagnosed as false labor was not treated and lost three out of four premature babies. Beta-mimetic treatment is indicated in multiple pregnancies even in false labor, or when painless progress in cervical dilatation is observed, to avoid asymptomatic progression into true labor. In contrast to singleton pregnancies, advanced labor with more than four centimeters cervical dilatation should not preclude good chances for successful treatment. Persistence in treatment and repreated use of the most effective intravenous route combined with oral ritodrine administration is needed because of marked tendency to recurrences of premature labor. Progressive increase in the dose of oral ritodrine may be indicated by decrease in therapeutic response. Maternal tachycardia should be considered as an index of patient responsiveness to the beta-mimetic treatment. The therapy is most successful when the patient is hospitalized from the first episode of treatment until at least the 37th week of pregnancy. This is probably less expensive than prolonged hospitalization of several prematures in an intensive care nursery.
Diastolic intervals in cardiomyopathy and abnormal thyroid states: alterations in isovolumic relaxation time and rapid filling time of depressed and enhanced myocardial contractility.
Diastolic and systolic time intervals were measured in 11 control subjects, 11 patients with cardiomyopathy, 7 hyperthyroid patients, and 5 hypothyroid patients. The isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), rapid filling time (RFT), preejection period (PEP), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and PEP/LVET ratio were found by simultaneously recording the ECG, phonocardiogram, external carotid pulse, and apexcardiogram. In cardiomyopathy the IVRT and RFT were prolonged (107.4 +/- 21.1 msec [P less than 0.01] and 111.0 +/- 10.0 [P less than 0.01] respectively) in comparison to the control subjects. (In the controls the IVRT was 85.7 +/- 18.4 msec and the RFT was 94.5 +/- 12.8 msec). In altered thyroid states the RFT was most affected; in hypothyroidism it increased to 123.9 +/- 25.2 (P less than 0.01) and in hyperthyroidism it decreased to 71.5 +/- 21.3 msec (P less than 0.01). In hyperthyroid patients the IVRT, although shorter than in control subjects, was not significantly altered, but it showed a significant increase after treatment. The RFT also returned toward normal after therapy in both groups (116.7 +/- 14.6 msec in hypothyroid patients and 89.0 +/- 23.1 msec in those with hyperthyroidism).
Is alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent really specific for the histochemical localization of ascorbic acid.
The histochemical localization of ascorbic acid in plant tissues with the alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent is shown here to be not specific for ascorbic acid, since some of the polyphenolic substances, including flavonoids, which are known to be widely distributed in plant tissues, are also able to reduce the acidic alcoholic silver nitrate reagent at low temperature (0-4 degrees C) and at pH 2 to 2.5 in dark. This method may perhaps be used for animal tissues where flavonoid pigments do not occur in such large quantities as they do in plants. I therefore, come to the inevitable conclusion that the use of alcoholic acidic silver nitrate reagent in localizing ascorbic acid in plant tissues may be highly misleading.