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Biomedical subjects

N Scopinaro

Publications and source records attributed to N Scopinaro.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[A case of severe obesity treated jejunoileal bypass. 1-year clinical course].

A 40 + 5 cm jejunoileal bypass was created as a means of treating a case of morbid obesity. Clinical, functional and morphological examinations were carried out prior to surgery and at various times for the following year. An initially rapid loss of weight was followed by an early halt around the 7th month and a subsequently steady state. While metabolic and cardiorespiratory benefits were obtained, considerable and progressive hyperchlorhydria and lithiasic cholecystitis were noted, along with minor, reversible complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Experience with the treatment of acute hepatic coma using extracorporeal perfusion of heterologous liver and exchange transfusion].

Extracorporeal pig liver perfusion was adopted in 2 patients with acute hepatic coma due to fulminant hepatitis. Exchange transfusion was used in a third patient, while a fourth was subjected to both procedures. A marked haematological improvement was noted in all cases. Yet, three patients died without showing any clinical benefit. In the fourth case, coma regressed and gradual improvement to the point of complete recovery was achieved. Liver perfusion and exchange transfusion in the same patient were attended by very different clinical effects, though each procedure produced a comparable improvement at the blood chemistry data. Careful analysis of the data suggests that the difference was attributable to discrepancies between the degree of tissue purification achieved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Success in a case of fulminant hepatitis treated with extracorporeal liver perfusion and exchange transfusion].

Extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver lasting 4 hr, followed by isovolaemic exchange (6 litres in 1 hr) were employed in the management of coma in a case of acute virus hepatitis. Liver perfusion led to temporary regression of coma, whereas transfusion was followed by gradual improvement in the clinical picture; this was apparently not a direct consequence of the procedure adopted. Assessment of the degree of purification obtained with these two methods offers an explanation for the difference in their clinical effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition and energy expenditure in obese patients prior to and following biliopancreatic diversion for obesity.

Body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) were assessed in 69 obese patients prior to and 1 year following biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). Fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat sizes were very similar to those of nonoperated subjects closely matched for body weight and FFM size. In the BPD subjects, the REE data were high, thus excluding a dilatation of non-energy-consuming extracellular spaces and suggesting an increase in the ratio between the organs and the less metabolically active muscle mass within the FFM.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin-like growth factor-I in human malnutrition: relationship with some body composition and nutritional parameters.

The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plasma concentration was evaluated as a nutritional parameter in 18 patients affected with chronic malnutrition secondary to biliopancreatic bypass and compared with albumin, transferrin, and with body composition parameters: total body water (TBW), total body sodium (TBNa), total body potassium (TBK). Subjects were studied in malnutritional conditions and after 20 to 30 days of parenteral and enteral refeeding treatment. Immunoreactive IGF-I concentration was 0.35 U/ml +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SEM), significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in age-matched controls (1.14 +/- 0.07 U/ml, n = 29) and rose significantly (0.84 +/- 0.12 U/ml; p less than 0.01) in parallel with the improvement of nutritional status. The ratios TBNa/TBW, TBNa/TBK, and TBK/TBW were then considered as reference parameters for definition of malnutritional state, and compared with IGF-I as well as with the most commonly used parameters, albumin and transferrin. Before treatment, IGF-I evidenced higher specificity (true negative ratios 0.63, 0.43, and 0.40 with regard to TBNa/TBW, TBNa/TBK, and TBK/TBW, respectively) than albumin (0.13, 0.14, and 0.10) and transferrin (0 in all cases), and slightly less sensitivity (true positive ratios for IGF-I 0.80, 0.67, and 0.67; always one for albumin and transferrin). Moreover, IGF-I resulted definitely more sensitive in assessing the effectiveness of the refeeding treatment and, on the basis of the likelihood ratio, it appeared a good discriminator of the nutritional status. The data indicate that different nutritional factors regulate IGF-I, albumin, and transferrin, and suggest that IGF-I can be used as a reliable and specific nutritional parameter, complementary to the others currently used.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New method for preparation of the totally hepatectomized dog. Critical review of the literature and surgical technics].

A critical review of the relevant literature is followed by the presentation of a new method for total hepatectomy in the dog. This is carried out in a single stage. Its main advantage is there is no temporary interruption of the portal or portocaval flow. A synthetic prosthesis is anastomosed end-to-end with the subhepatic vena cava and end-to-side with the supradiaphragmatic cava. Next, the portal vein is anastomosed side-to-side with the prosthesis and ligated upstream. Hepatectomy is then performed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selective anterior vagotomy of the duodenum. Propositions, technics and experimental results].

Previous studies have demonstrated that changes in endoduodenal pressure may cause pancreatic alterations in biliary diseases. Anterior selective vagotomy of the duodenum was devised to reduce duodenal motility. An experimental study showed that such a surgical procedure is followed by a marked decrease in the overall duodenal kinesis, with disappearance of the highest pressure peaks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new approach to gastric restriction surgery in treatment of obesity. Preliminary data].

Following gastric surgery for obesity, a satisfactory weight loss and, above all, long-term weight maintenance can only be achieved in patients who have succeeded in radically changing their preoperative eating habits. In this preliminary study gastric banding is associated with rehabilitative training which was carried out using similar methods to the programs used for eating disorders. One year after surgery the results were substantially the same as those reported in the literature, with an overall weight loss of approximately 50%. The lack of correlation between weight loss and the degree of gastric banding underlines, even after a short interval, the efficacy and importance of postoperative re-educational training. The utility of this integrated approach will only be more fully evaluated after a longer period.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Behavior of serum proteins and lipids after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity].

Variations in body weight, behaviour of lipidaemic fractions proteinaemia, uricaemia and uricuria, and lipid and protein absorption were studied preoperatively and at varying times following operation in five subjects who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity. The results showed high serous NEFA and a definite, early and persistent reduction in all lipidaemic fractions after operation. The post-operative levels of serous proteins, particularly albumin, which were reduced in all subjects, reached pathological levels in two patients where proteic malnutrition following on the operation was associated with serious liver disease. The results agree with reported data. The variations in lipidic and proteic malabsorption proved to be in agreement with weight drop and the serous parameters considered. The reduction in uricaemia encountered in the five patients studied failed to agree with data reported in the Anglo-Saxon literature. This may be explained by alimentary and racial differences between the two populations of patients.

Adult↗