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Biomedical subjects

N Saxena

Publications and source records attributed to N Saxena.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Alterations in host regulatory glycolytic enzymes during pathogenesis of primate malaria and following chloroquine therapy.

Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, the regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic sequence, showed progressive increases in their activities with the rise of parasitaemia in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected rhesus monkey serum and red blood cells. Chloroquine therapy cleared the parasitaemia in 72 h and brought the elevated levels of these enzymes back to almost normal in about 30 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Studies on glycolytic enzymes of Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, and infected host erythrocytes.

Almost all of the important enzymes of glycolytic sequence were studied in isolated schizonts of Plasmodium knowlesi as well as in normal and P. knowlesi parasitized rhesus red blood cells. Significant activities of all the glycolytic enzymes assayed were observed in cell-free schizonts and the levels of all were found to be considerably elevated in infected host erythrocytes, confirming that the consumption of glucose is dramatically increased in host red cells, consequent to malaria infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Status of hepatic heme and heme oxygenase during Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in mice.

Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in albino mice caused a significant increase in hepatic heme level, the increase being concomitant with a rise in parasitemia. This elevated heme was found to be associated with all the subcellular fractions except the cytosol, where its content remained unaltered. Activity of heme oxygenase, the key enzyme responsible for catabolism of heme, also increased progressively with rise in parasitemia. Treatment of normal mice with cobalt chloride [60 mg (kg body wt)-1; subcutaneously] brought about a 150% increase in the level of heme oxygenase; similar treatment of infected mice at low parasitemia could induce the enzyme activity while at high parasitemia the enzymic activity remained unaltered as compared to untreated infected mice. In spite of an increased level of heme oxygenase in the cobalt-treated mice, the level of heme did not show any noticeable change. Oral administration of chloroquine [64 mg (kg body wt)-1 x 4 days] brought about a 56% reduction in the level of heme oxygenase of normal animals but there was no change in infected animals when compared with the corresponding untreated infected mice. However, the amount of chloroquine present in livers of normal and infected animals was not significantly different.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Involvement of dietary glucose in adrenal steroidal regulation of spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities in prepubertal rat testis.

Effects of dietary and supplemented dextrose energy on the role of corticosterone (Comp. B) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in spermatogenic and steroidogenic activity in the bilaterally adrenalectomised prepubertal rat testis were studied. Adrenalectomy reduced the body and testis weight, numbers of the stage VII cell types [spermatogonia A (A), preleptotene (PL) and pachytene (P) spermatocytes and step 7 spermatid (7)], testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-OH-SDH) activity and serum testosterone. Adrenalectomy also caused reduction of energy intake due to loss of appetite which was stimulated by hormone replacement therapy. Treatment of adrenalectomised rats with DNA or corticosterone enhanced the spermatocyte population and the enzyme activity, especially after 30 days of age. Dextrose supplementation with hormone treatment however, did not produce significant additive effect on stage VII cell counts, but delta 5-3 beta-OH-SDH activity showed additive effect in this age group. Results suggest that adrenal steroids regulate testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis during the prepubertal ages by modifying the supply of dietary glucose.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1991

High versus low approach for internal jugular cannulation with double lumen catheters.

Double lumen cannulae were inserted through the right internal jugular vein (IJV) in 100 children, undergoing open heart surgery. High approach (n = 50, group I) of IJV cannulation was compared with low approach (n = 50, group II). In both the groups, hydromer coated double lumen polyurethane cannulae (Hydrocath) were introduced using Seldinger's technique; 98 per cent success rate was achieved in both the groups. Tip of cannulae was in intrathoracic position in 100 per cent patients. One patient in group I had carotid artery puncture. Catheter blockage occurred in one patient each in both the groups. Double lumen catheters are easy to insert and offer two lumens through single puncture site.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1990

Control of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

We controlled the spread of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in an 884-bed veterans' facility by cohorting known active MRSA carriers and MRSA-infected patients on one nursing unit. Simultaneously, all previously-institutionalized transfers into the veterans' facility were screened with swab cultures for MRSA at the time of admission. All MRSA patients were maintained on contact (gown and glove) or strict isolation and treated aggressively with topical and enteral antibiotics with the assistance of the infectious disease consultant. The monthly incidence of new MRSA patients dropped from a maximum of 16 per month to three or less per month within six months of instituting these infection control measures. There were no further MRSA bacteremias after the establishment of the MRSA cohort in a single unit. Aggressive cohort management of known MRSA patients and screening of previously-institutionalized patients on admission for MRSA controlled epidemic MRSA in this large institution.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of a new 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial compound on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system of mice.

A new 8-aminoquinoline derivative (compound 80/53) synthesized at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (India), has been found to be an active anti-relapse (tissue schizontocidal) compound. Compound 80/53 at 8.75 mg/kg x 4 days and primaquine at 7.00 mg/kg (base) x 4 days given orally to Swiss mice led to inhibition of the different components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system to varying degrees. Compound 80/53 inhibited cytochrome P-450, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline and benzo (a) pyrene hydroxylase, cytochrome b5 and heme content of the normal mice by 12, 14, 0, 57, 20 and 6 per cent respectively, whereas the inhibition caused by primaquine in these components was 25, 21, 17, 48, 26 and 6 per cent respectively. Thus, there was less inhibition of hepatic microsomal MFO system of mice by compound 80/53 as compared to that by primaquine.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1988

Pineal gland and humidity effects on testicular function of the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti.

The effect of two different conditions of humidity (80 +/- 5% and 40 +/- 5%) under stimulatory photoperiod (14L/10D) and high temperature (38 +/- 2 degrees C) was studied on the testes and accessory sex organs of the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti, during the sexually active phase. High humidity (80 +/- 5%) reduced significantly the testes weight of the sham-operated animals as compared to the controls under natural environmental conditions but had no effect on that of pinealectomized animals. Moderate humidity (40 +/- 5%) did not affect the testes of sham-operated as well as pinealectomized animals, as compared to the respective controls. The seminal and prostatic weights showed no significant difference in high or moderate humidity conditions. However, the epididymal weight of the animals exposed to high humidity was significantly reduced in sham-operated animals only. Thus, these results indicate that the pineal gland may be implicated in mediating the humidity information to control the male gonadal function in the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Study of serum zinc level in leprosy.

Serum Zinc level was estimated in different types of leprosy by 'Dithiazone extraction' method in 75 leprosy patients comprising 15 each of Tuberculoid-Tuberculoid (TT); Borderline Tuberculoid (BT); Borderline Borderline (BB); Borderline Lepromatous (BL) and Lepromatous Lepromatous (LL). These findings were evaluated in comparison to 15 normal subjects serving as controls. Serum zinc level was observed to be significantly low in all types of leprosy except tuberculoid leprosy (TT). No significant difference was observed in serum zinc levels before and after 90 days of dapsone Therapy. The findings of our study are of considerable importance as zinc deficiency can be one of the factors involved in non-specific suppression of cell mediated Immunity (CMI) in lepromatous leprosy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection and chloroquine on the hepatic mixed function oxidase system of mice.

Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection in albino mice significantly altered the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system. Cytochrome P-450 (the terminal monooxygenase) and other monooxygenases, viz. aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase were significantly lowered while microsomal heme showed 4-fold increase at 80% parasitaemia. Noticeable impairment in the other components like NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome b5 and glucose-6-phosphatase was also observed. Oral treatment of normal and P. y. nigeriensis infected mice with chloroquine (64 mg per kg body weight for 4 days) caused lowering of mixed function oxidase activities which however showed a recovering trend, a week after cessation of treatment.

Animals↗