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Biomedical subjects

N Sattar

Publications and source records attributed to N Sattar.

78 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women with NIDDM.

Female patients with NIDDM have a high prevalence of, and mortality from, coronary heart disease (CHD). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may favourably influence several CHD risk factors in post-menopausal NIDDM patients, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, prothrombotic changes, and endothelial dysfunction. Insulin resistance appears to have a central role in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities and can also be modified by HRT. However, the potentially beneficial effects of HRT in women with NIDDM have been extrapolated from the results of studies in non-diabetic females, as to date there have been few studies in NIDDM patients. In view of their excessive CHD mortality, further research is needed to investigate the effects of different HRT preparations on lipid and non-lipid risk factors in this high-risk population.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid status in chronic renal failure.

Oxidative modification of plasma lipoproteins increases their atherogenicity. Nutritive antioxidants, including carotenoids, can prevent such lipoperoxidation and may protect against atherosclerosis. Plasma retinol, ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and four carotenoids (lutein, lycopene, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene) were measured using HPLC in 45 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 21 controls. Plasma retinol was significantly increased in patients with CRF (conservative therapy mean of 3.7 mumol/l vs. 1.9 mumol/l; p < 0.001). Plasma lycopene was significantly lower in patients with CRF (healthy mean 0.44 mumol/l vs. conservative therapy mean 0.27 mumol/l and haemodialysis mean of 0.17 mumol/l; p < 0.001), a finding that persisted even after adjusting for plasma cholesterol. Low circulating antioxidant lycopene levels may contribute to an already impaired antioxidant defence system in patients with CRF. The process of haemodialysis further compromises antioxidant defences, principally by removing water-soluble ascorbate and urate, but does not appear to affect circulating carotenoid concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of auxiliary conditions on intestinal unstirred layer diffusion modelled by numerical simulation.

Estimation of intestinal unstirred layer thickness usually involves inducing transmural potential difference changes by altering the content of the solution used to perfuse the small intestine. Osmotically active solutes, such as mannitol, when added to the luminal solution diffuse across the unstirred water layer (UWL) and induce osmotically dependent changes in potential difference. As an alternative procedure, the sodium ion in the luminal fluid can be replaced by another ion. As the sodium ion diffuses out of the UWL, the change in concentration next to the intestinal membrane alters the transmural potential difference. In both cases, UWL thickness is calculated from the time course of the potential difference changes, using a solution to the diffusion equation. The diffusion equation solution which allows the calculation of intestinal unstirred layer thickness was examined by simulation, using the method of numerical solutions. This process readily allows examination of the time course of diffusion under various imposed circumstances. The existing model for diffusion across the unstirred layer is based on auxiliary conditions which are unlikely to be fulfilled in the same intestine. The present simulation additionally incorporated the effects of membrane permeability, fluid absorption and less than instantaneous bulk phase concentration change. Simulation indicated that changes within the physiologically relevant range in the chosen auxiliary conditions (with the real unstirred layer length kept constant) can alter estimates of the apparent half-time. Consequently, changes in parameters unassociated with the unstirred layer would be misconstrued as alterations in unstirred layer thickness.

Gastrointestinal Contents↗