Biomedical subjects

N Sato

Publications and source records attributed to N Sato.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Heme oxygenase-1 induction by hemin protects against gut ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: We have shown that both intraischemic hypothermia and hypertonic saline resuscitation provide dramatic protection against gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that is in part mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We therefore hypothesized that induction of HO-1 by hemin would lessen damage and improve function after gut I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 50 micromol/kg hemin (HO-1 inducer ferric protoporphyrin IX chloride) sq or vehicle 2 h before superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min or sham laparotomy. After 6 h of reperfusion, transit was determined by quantitation of percentage of tracer in 10 equal segments of small intestine 30 min following injection into the duodenum (expressed as mean geometric center). Ileum was harvested for assessment of mucosal histologic injury (Chiu score 0-5 by blinded observer), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO, index of inflammation), and HO-1 protein expression. RESULTS: Hemin treatment was associated with increased HO-1 protein expression, lessened mucosal injury, decreased MPO activity, and improved intestinal transit following gut I/R. CONCLUSION: These data corroborate that HO-1 plays an important role in protecting the gut against I/R-induced injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Inactivation of class II transactivator by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation associated with absence of HLA-DR induction by interferon-gamma in haematopoietic tumour cells.

By presenting immunogenic peptides at the cell surface, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play a key role in the control of adaptive immune responses. Whether expressed constitutively or induced by interferon-gamma, expression of MHC class II molecules is regulated via coactivator class II transactivator (CIITA); moreover, suppression of their expression is one mechanism by which cancer cells escape host immunity. In this study, we surveyed the relationship between the expression of one MHC class II antigen, HLA-DR, and its coactivators in a group of haematopoietic cell lines, and explored the role of the aberrant DNA methylation in silencing HLA-DR expression. Among 26 cell lines studied, HLA-DR expression was lost from eight T-cell and two myeloid leukaemia cell lines, and this loss was closely associated with suppression of CIITA-PIV expression. Notably, nine of the 10 cell lines that lost CIITA-PIV expression showed methylation of the gene's 5' CpG island. Thus, DNA methylation is believed to inhibit the expression of MHC class II molecules in haematopoietic tumour cells by silencing its coactivator, CIITA-PIV. Furthermore, methylation of CIITA-PIV was detected in seven of 32 primary acute myeloid leukaemia specimens, indicating that epigenetic alteration is not a cell line-specific phenomenon. Collectively, these data suggest that, by suppressing expression of MHC class II molecules, epigenetic inactivation of CIITA provides a survival advantage to a subset of haematopoietic tumours.

Acetylation↗

PubMed2004

Localized relapse in bone marrow of extremities after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We report a patient with a relapsed in bone marrow of extremities after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The patient complained of pain in the right upper arm and left leg 15 months after transplantation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed abnormal findings in bone marrow of upper and lower extremities. There were no findings of relapse in aspirates from the sternum and iliac bone marrow. Biopsy specimen from the iliac bone marrow showed normocellular marrow without leukemic cells. Biopsy specimen from the right humerus revealed marked leukemic cell infiltration in the bone marrow. This is apparently the first case of localized relapse of ALL in bone marrow of extremities. Physicians should be aware of unusual relapse sites of leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. MRI and FDG-PET may be of value in detecting this type of relapse.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Synthetic sulfonolipids deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglycerols of sea urchin reduces hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: In hepatic surgery and liver transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an unavoidable process, and protection against hepatic I/R injury is a major unresolved problem. In this study, we investigated whether 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol bound to saturated C18 fatty acids (beta-SQAG9), which was derived from sea urchin intestines, could reduce this injury. This agent was recently reported to have immunosuppressive effects in allogeneic rat skin grafts. MATERIALS & METHODS: Male Lewis rats were divided into two experimental groups. Group 1 rats were injected with SQAG9 (50 mg/kg) into the penile vein 15 minutes before the induction of ischemia and into the portal vein just reperfusion. The same amounts of normal saline were injected into rats in the control group (group 2). Each experimental groups included six rats. Seventy percent hepatic ischemia (20 minutes) was induced by occluding the blood vessels and bile duct with a vascular clamp. For examination of hepatic function, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. In addition, histological examination was also assessed. RESULTS: Three hours after reperfusion, the mean plasma concentration of AST, ALT, LDH in group 1 was suppressed compared with group 2. Six hours after reperfusion, the hepatic damage in group 1 was mild in comparison with that in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that SQAG-9 reduced the warm hepatic I/R injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization following CHOP plus rituximab therapy combined with G-CSF in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) following CHOP plus rituximab (CHOP-R) therapy, and compared with the findings following CHOP therapy without rituximab. All patients were given G-CSF starting from day 11 after CHOP therapy. Patients in the CHOP-R group (n=8) were given rituximab on day 12. Target CD34(+) cells number was collected in a single leukapheresis on day 14, from all the eight patients in the CHOP-R group. PBSC mobilization kinetics, CD34(+) cells yield and colony-forming ability in the graft collection, toxicity during mobilization, and engraftment after transplantation of CHOP-R group were not significantly different from those in the CHOP group (n=8). In all patients given CHOP-R therapy, CD20(+) cells and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) rearrangement in the graft collection were undetectable by flow-cytometric analysis and Southern blot analysis, respectively, but with PCR analysis two of eight grafts were positive for IgH rearrangement. While further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of purging and the outcome of patients undergoing autologous transplantation, CHOP-R therapy can be safely and effectively used in the mobilization phase of PBSC collection, without excess clinical toxicity or deleterious effect on PBSC mobilization kinetics or engraftment time.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

High-dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide with total body irradiation as a preparatory regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

One approach to improving the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is to intensify the pretransplant conditioning regimen without increasing toxicity. We used an intensified conditioning regimen consisting of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (3 g/m(2) twice daily i.v. for 3 consecutive days, total six doses), high-dose etoposide (1 g/m(2) once daily i.v. during the first 2 days) and total body irradiation (TBI) (HDACE-TBI) in ALL patients. We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients treated with HDACE-TBI, of whom 18 were in complete remission (CR) and three were in non-CR at transplantation. Although gastrointestinal toxicities were common, critical regimen-related toxicities were not seen in any patients. One patient demonstrated veno-occlusive disease, which could be controlled conservatively. The disease-free survival rate of 18 patients in CR at transplantation was 61%. These results demonstrate that the HDACE-TBI combination regimen is a feasible alternative to other preparatory regimens and does not increase the regimen-related toxicity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Development of efficient plasmid DNA transfer into adult rat central nervous system using microbubble-enhanced ultrasound.

Although gene therapy might become a promising approach for central nervous system diseases, the safety issue is a serious consideration in human gene therapy. To overcome this problem, we developed an efficient gene transfer method into the adult rat brain based on plasmid DNA using a microbubble-enhanced ultrasound method, since microbubble-enhanced ultrasound has shown promise for transfecting genes into other tissues such as blood vessels. Using the microbubble-enhanced ultrasound method, luciferase expression was increased approximately 10-fold as compared to injection of naked plasmid DNA alone. Interestingly, the site of gene expression was limited to the site of insonation with intracisternal injection, in contrast to previous studies using viruses. Expression of the reporter gene, Venus, was readily detected in the central nervous system. The transfected cells were mainly detected in meningeal cells with intracisternal injection, and in glial cells with intrastriatal injection. There was no obvious evidence of tissue damage by microbubble-enhanced ultrasound. Overall, the present study demonstrated the feasibility of efficient plasmid DNA transfer into the central nervous system, providing a new option for treating various diseases such as tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

A cardiac sodium channel mutation identified in Brugada syndrome associated with atrial standstill.

Mutations in the cardiac Na+ channel gene SCN5A are responsible for multiple lethal ventricular arrhythmias including Brugada syndrome and congenital long QT syndrome. Here we report a case of Brugada syndrome with ST elevation in the right precordial and inferior leads accompanied by atrial standstill and spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. Atrial standstill and J wave elevation were provoked by procainamide. Genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation (R367H) in SCN5A. The resultant mutant Na+ channel was nonfunctional when expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes. Our study suggests that genetic defects in SCN5A may be associated with atrial standstill in combination with ventricular arrhythmias.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Diagnostic performance of light-induced fluorescence endoscopy for gastric neoplasms.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Malignant tumors generate autofluorescent patterns that differ from those of normal tissue. However, whether autofluorescent diagnosis could be genuinely useful in screening for gastric neoplasms has not been well investigated in clinical practice. Accordingly, we retrospectively studied our experience with this diagnostic technique for various gastric lesions and assessed its diagnostic utility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Autofluorescence diagnosis of 109 gastric lesions in 79 patients was done, without knowledge of the diagnosis by conventional white light endoscopy, retrospectively and independently by three endoscopists with 6 years', two years' and no experience of the technique. After examination of the interobserver bias in the assessment of autofluorescent pseudocolor in light-induced fluorescence endoscopy (LIFE), the relationship between pseudocolor and characteristics of gastric lesions (including histology, macroscopic type, and depth of invasion) were investigated. RESULTS: The kappa statistic for agreement in pseudocolor diagnosis between the three endoscopists was 0.71. The assessment of pseudocolor by all of the observers was in agreement in 67 of the total of 109 lesions (61.5 %). Experience with the LIFE technique did not improve the accuracy of pseudocolor determination. All of the cancers, 87.5 % of the adenomas, and 50.9 % of the benign lesions were recognized as having an abnormal autofluorescent image. None of the gastric cancers and 49.1 % of the benign lesions were evaluated as having a normal autofluorescence image. The histopathological and macroscopic types of tumors and their depths of invasion were not reflected in the autofluorescence diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: LIFE provided a sensitivity of 96.4 % and specificity of 49.1 %, suggesting that this technique has limited clinical utility, regardless of the merits of acceptable interobserver bias and lack of necessity for experience with this technique.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

A preliminary analysis of the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells after CD34+ cell-selected autologous PBSC transplantation.

BACKGROUND: CD34+ cell-selected autologous PBSC transplantation (CD34+ APBSCT) is a procedure used for the treatment of patients with malignant disease that is intended to eliminate residual tumor cells from autologous grafts. However, frequent infectious complications after CD34+ APBSCT can occur. A delay of recovery of the absolute number of CD4+ T cells after transplantation was reported to be one disadvantageous factor. As data on T-cell function after CD34+ APBSCT are scanty, we analyzed changes in T-helper cell 1 (Th1) and T-helper cell 2 (Th2) after CD34+ APBSCT to evaluate immune reconstitution. METHODS: Twelve patients underwent APBSCT (CD34+APBSCT group, n=4, and unselected APBSCT, n=8). Peripheral blood (PB) samples were obtained at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the transplantation. The dynamics of the Th1 and Th2 were analyzed at a single-cell level, using flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the CD34+ APBSCT group, not only the absolute count of CD4+ T cells but also the proportion of Th1 cells in CD4+ T cells and the ratio of Th1 to Th2 after transplantation were significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation compared with findings in the unselected APBSCT group. DISCUSSION: We suggest that higher rates of infectious complications after CD34+ APBSCT may be due to the inability of residual T cells from the CD34+ cell selection to generate mature T cells that function adequately against infection. Although further study would be required, our preliminary data provide some information on the immune reconstitution after CD34+ APBSCT and differentiation of T lymphocytes into Th1 and Th2 in vivo.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Improvement in serum pepsinogens and gastrin in long-term monitoring after eradication of Helicobacter pylori: comparison with H. pylori-negative patients.

BACKGROUND: A decrease in pepsinogen and gastrin levels 1-3 months after Helicobacter pylori eradication is well known. However, few data are available on the long-term progression of these decreases beyond 1 year after eradication, and there has been no investigation into whether pepsinogen and gastrin levels return to normal levels as defined by data from H. pylori-negative patients with dyspepsia. AIM: We studied the effect of H. pylori eradication on pepsinogen and gastrin levels for more than 1 year, and compared levels to those in H. pylori-negative patients with dyspepsia. We also investigated the effect of H. pylori eradication on the course of atrophic corpus gastritis as reflected by histology, and on PGI levels and PG I/II ratio. METHODS: We enrolled 172 H. pylori-positive patients with dyspepsia who had undergone successful eradication therapy of more than 1 year's duration and 101 non-treated H. pylori-negative patients with dyspepsia. H. pylori status was assessed at entry and at each endoscopy after eradication by culture, histological results, the rapid urease test and the urea breath test. In both groups, patients were evaluated for fasting serum pepsinogen I and II and gastrin using a radioimmunoassay technique, and underwent detailed histological assessment according to the updated Sydney System. RESULTS: In the H. pylori-negative patients, mean serum pepsinogen I and II, I/II ratio and gastrin levels were 52.6 +/- 20.8 ng/mL, 9.2 +/- 4.2 ng/mL, 6.0 +/- 1.7 and 53.5 +/- 29.2 pg/mL, respectively. In H. pylori-positive patients with long-term eradication, pepsinogen I and II, I/II ratio and gastrin levels were 81.3 +/- 46.6 ng/mL, 25.9 +/- 17.1 ng/mL, 3.4 +/- 1.3 and 131.9 +/- 130.8 pg/mL, respectively, before treatment. At 1-3 months after eradication, serum pepsinogen I and II levels in the H. pylori-positive patients decreased to levels similar to those in the negative patients, whereas pepsinogen I/II ratio and gastrin levels remained lower and higher, respectively, than in the negative patients. Serum pepsinogen I/II ratio and gastrin levels then became similar between the groups at 12-15 months after eradication. In histological findings, inflammation and neutrophil activity decreased by 1-3 months, and atrophy in the corpus and metaplasia in the antrum decreased by 12-15 months. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that atrophic corpus gastritis and superficial gastritis are reversible, as indicated by both histological and serological findings in a long-term follow-up study.

Dyspepsia↗

PubMed2004

Oesophageal hypersensitivity in Japanese patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux diseases.

BACKGROUND: Visceral hypersensitivity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of non-erosive oesophageal reflux disease (NERD). Prevalence of NERD differs according to the population and geographical region. Oesophageal hypersensitivity in NERD has not been well studied, especially in Japanese patients. AIM: To investigate oesophageal hypersensitivity in Japanese NERD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed upper GI endoscopy and the modified acid perfusion test on 14 control subjects and 68 GERD patients, including 26 with NERD, 34 with erosive GERD, and six with Barrett's oesophagus. The stimulus-response function to acid was quantified by three parameters (lag time, intensity rating and the acid perfusion sensory score) and compared among four groups. RESULTS: The mean value of the lag time, intensity rating, and acid perfusion scores in NERD patients (4.6 +/- 3.4, 4.4 +/- 3.4, 27.8 +/- 26.7, respectively) were higher than in erosive GERD (3.2 +/- 3.3, 3.0 +/- 3.2, 18.2 +/- 24.8) and Barrett patients (2.5 +/- 4.0, 1.8 +/- 3.3, 15.0 +/- 28.8), and significantly higher than in the control group (1.7 +/- 2.7, 1.1 +/- 2.0, 5.4 +/- 11.8). The ratio of patients with higher sensory scores was also greater in the NERD group (57.7%) than in erosive GERD (32.3%) and Barrett group (16.7%), and significantly greater than in control group (6.7%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that oesophageal sensitivity is likely to be enhanced especially in NERD patients also in Japanese population in comparison with erosive GERD, Barrett's oesophagus and controls.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Mushroom plant workers experience a shift towards a T helper type 2 dominant state: contribution of innate immunity to spore antigen.

Contemporary mushroom factories are places where there is a substantial risk of the occurrence of respiratory allergy. The aims of this investigation were to estimate its causative agents and to evaluate the contribution of innate immune response in mushroom workers who cultivate Hypsizigus marmoreus (Bunashimeji). Cross-sectional and follow-up studies were performed in the factory. We investigated CD1b, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD45RO, CD62L and CD161 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by flow cytometry, and serum levels of interleukin (IL-2), IL-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Co-culture experiments of PBMC with spore extracts were also performed. Percentages of CD1b+ monocytes, natural killer (NK), NK T and CD4+ T cells were increased in the workers compared with controls. Increases in Th2 type cells, Th2/Th1 ratio and serum IL-13 and decreased IFN-gamma were detected, indicating a Th2-biased status of the workers. The follow-up study showed that monocytes and NK cells increased soon after employment while CD4+ T, Th2 and NK T cells increased gradually as employment time lengthened. Serum precipitating antibody to the mushroom antigen could be detected at a later stage. Co-cultivation of PBMC with the spore extracts induced much higher CD1b expression, and suppressed secretion of Th1 cytokine in culture supernatants. These results indicate that the mushroom antigen contains highly immunogenic substances which stimulate PBMC into a Th2-biased in vivo status, and innate immune cells might also play a critical role in developing respiratory allergy in mushroom workers.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Osteosarcomatous differentiation in lung metastases from a malignant phyllodes tumour of the breast.

Osteosarcomatous differentiation of a phyllodes tumour in the breast is extremely rare. A 54 year old woman presented with a painless lump in her left breast and a mastectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumour was diagnosed as a malignant phyllodes tumour, where no osteosarcomatous component was found. One year later, two lung tumours were revealed upon chest x ray and were surgically treated. The tumours revealed osteosarcomatous features, and were thought to be metastases from the phyllodes tumour. The present case is very unusual in that osteosarcomatous features are present only in the metastatic lesion of the phyllodes tumour.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Characterization of apatite formed on alkaline-heat-treated Ti.

Alkaline-heat-treated titanium self-forms an apatite surface layer in vivo. The aim of the present study was to materialistically characterize the surface of alkaline-heat-treated titanium immersed in simulated body fluid (AHS-TI) and to examine the differentiation behavior of osteoblasts on AHS-TI. SEM, thin-film XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses revealed that AHS-TI contained a 1.0- micro m-thick, low-crystalline, and [002] direction-oriented carbonate apatite surface. Human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells were cultured on polystyrene, titanium, and AHS-TI, and RT-PCR analyses of osteogenic differentiation-related mRNAs were conducted. On AHS-TI, the expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA was up-regulated as compared with that on polystyrene and titanium (p < 0.05). On AHS-TI, the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNAs was up-regulated as compared with that on polystyrene (p<0.05). The results indicate that the apatite was bone-like and accelerated the osteogenic differentiation of SaOS-2, suggesting that alkaline-heat treatment might facilitate better integration of titanium implants with bone.

Alkalies↗

PubMed2004

In vitro biocompatibility of a new titanium-29niobium-13tantalum-4.6zirconium alloy with osteoblast-like MG63 cells.

BACKGROUND: Titanium-29niobium-13tantalum-4.6zirconium (TiNb) has recently been developed as a new implant material. TiNb is composed of non-toxic elements and has a lower modulus of elasticity than the other titanium alloys. However, its biocompatibility has not been adequately characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiNb using an osteoblast-titanium co-culture system. METHODS: MG63 cells were cultured on three kinds of titanium disks: TiNb, pure titanium (pTi), and titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (TiAl), prepared with two different surfaces, a polished and acid-etched surface and a machined-grooved surface. The surface topography and roughness were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 48 hours culture, the number of proliferating cells and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the culture supernatant were determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in surface roughness among the three titanium disks with a polished and acid-etched surface. After 48 hours of culture, the number of cells was significantly reduced on pTi and TiAl compared to TiNb and the control. PGE2 production was significantly higher on pTi than on TiAl, TiNb, and the control. We further examined the effect of surface roughness on PGE2 production using machine-grooved titanium disks. While pTi and TiAl stimulated the production of PGE2 depending on surface roughness, roughened TiNb did not affect PGE2 production. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TiNb may exhibit favorable biocompatibility because it has an efficient surface topography for cell proliferation, and the level of PGE2 production does not depend on surface roughness. We conclude that TiNb may be useful as an implant material.

Alloys↗

PubMed2004

Characterization of RNA-binding properties of three types of RNA-binding proteins in Anabaena sp. PPC 7120.

The Rbp proteins in cyanobacteria are RNA-binding proteins with a single RNA recognition motif or RRM. A comprehensive assembly of genomic data suggests that there are two major classes of Rbp proteins (classes I and II) that diverged before the diversification of cyanobacteria. Class I proteins are further classified into two types with or without a C-terminal glycine-rich domain. The results of selection from a random RNA pool suggest that RbpA1 (class I) has affinity to C-rich and G-rich sequences. In vitro RNA binding assay with homopolymers indicated that class II protein has low affinity to poly(G) in contrast with class I proteins. Site-specific mutagenesis analysis of the RRM in RbpA1 showed that the aromatic residues Tyr4 or Phe46 are important in RNA binding as well as maintenance of secondary structure. We also tested various truncated proteins lacking the C-terminal domain as well as point mutants. Most of these proteins exhibited decreased affinity to RNA. Circular dichroism analysis as well as chromatographic analysis showed that Tyr4 and Phe46 are also important in maintaining the structure of RbpA1 protein. The C-terminal glycine-rich domain itself does not contribute much to the RNA-binding, but Arg83 which is located close to the C-terminal end of RRM is important in the RNA-binding.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

Profiling analysis of differential gene expression between hematogenous and peritoneal metastatic sublines of human pancreatic cancer using a DNA chip.

We established the novel sublines HPC-1H5, HPC-3H4, HPC-4H4, and Panc-1H5, which have a high potential of liver metastasis, and HPC-1P5a, HPC-3P4a, HPC-4P4a, and Panc-1P5a, which have a high potential of peritoneal dissemination, derived from low metastatic HPC-1, HPC-3, HPC-4, and Panc-1cell lines, respectively. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis and of the different levels of gene expression in a variety of metastatic potentials in pancreatic cancer, we performed a broad analysis of differential gene expression analysis between parental cell lines and metastatic sublines. In comparison with the parental cell lines, 65 and 36 genes were overexpressed and underexpressed in highly liver-metastatic sublines. On the other hand, 43 and 45 genes were overexpressed and underexpressed in highly peritoneal-metastatic sublines. uPAR and Serin protease were overexpressed, and E2A and IGF1R were underexpressed in both metastatic sublines. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed 22 genes classifying liver, peritoneal metastatic sublines and low-metastatic parental cell lines. These genes might be targeted genes separating those two major metastatic forms after surgery. A greater number of cell line samples and more genes will have to be utilized in future studies in order to understand the involvement of genes in cancer metastasis more thoroughly. However, these results will help to clarify the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer metastasis.

Cell Line, Tumor↗