Biomedical subjects

N Sasano

Publications and source records attributed to N Sasano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Myogenic expression in esophageal polypoid tumors.

Four cases of esophageal polypoid tumors composed of squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcomatous components were investigated. Squamous cell carcinoma was consistently present in the base of the polypoid lesions in all four cases and was also intermingled with spindle-shaped sarcomatous cells in two cases. Metastases in the lymph nodes were observed in two cases: one was squamous cell carcinoma with a sarcomatous component and the other consisted of a pure sarcomatous component. All tumors involved at least the muscularis mucosae. In the sarcomatous region, the tumor was composed of highly anaplastic cells with or without forming interlacing fascicles. Pleomorphism was marked and bizarre giant cell forms were frequent. Mitoses were frequently present. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the anaplastic cells in the sarcomatous component in all cases were immunoreactive to desmin, muscle actin, vimentin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, but were negative for cytokeratin, even in the metastatic tumors of the lymph nodes. The immunohistochemical results favor myogenic differentiation of the anaplastic cells, and these tumors were considered to be true carcinosarcomas composed of squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Lectin histochemistry in adrenocortical hyperplasia and neoplasms with emphasis on carcinoma.

Lectin binding analysis of Con A, SBA, PNA, WGA, HPA, RCA-I, DBA, and UEA-I was performed in two cases of normal human adrenal gland, four cases of adrenocortical hyperplasia, six cases of adrenocortical adenoma, and seven cases of adrenocortical carcinoma to examine the differences of lectin binding properties. No lectins were bound specifically to adrenocortical cells. Binding of RCA-I was observed in some carcinoma cells focally but not in benign counterparts. With WGA and Con A, the cytoplasmic binding became apparent in the cells manifesting hypercorticism. In adrenocortical carcinoma, various WGA and Con A binding patterns were intermingled, but no specific patterns were identified. The focal nature of RCA-I binding, and no specific WGA and Con A binding properties in carcinoma, suggest that diagnosis of malignant neoplasm must still largely rely on clinical, hormonal, and structural criteria in adrenocortical neoplasms.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical demonstration of steroid C21 hydroxylase in normal and neoplastic human breasts.

Steroid C21 hydroxylase was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C21 hydroxylation (P-450C21) in normal and neoplastic human breast tissues. In the histologically normal breast, P-450C21 was exclusively present in secretory tubules and ducts. In mammary dysplasia and fibroadenoma, P-450C21 was intensively stained in epithelial cells. In gynecomastia, P-450C21 was faintly observed in epithelial cells in some cases. In intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma, P-450C21 was observed in the cells with ductal formation. P-450C21 was not observed in medullary and mucinous carcinoma. In lobular carcinoma, only two cases were positive for P-450C21 of nine cases examined. P-450C21 is considered to be closely related to the ductal differentiation in neoplastic transformation of the breast.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical demonstration of steroid C-21 hydroxylase in normal and neoplastic salivary glands.

The presence of steroid C-21 hydroxylase in normal and neoplastic salivary glands was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation (P-450C21). In normal salivary glands, P-450C21 was exclusively present in the excretory duct system (intercalating, striated and large excretory ducts), and not observed in acini. In salivary gland tumors, P-450C21 was observed in most epithelial cells of duct origin within pleomorphic adenomas including cells of amorphous groups scattered in myxoid areas, and in adenolymphoma. Some mucous cells in mucoepidermoid tumor also were positive for this enzyme. These findings in the normal and neoplastic salivary gland suggest that the expression of P-450C21 is closely related to ductal differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1988

The development and morphogenesis of the human pituitary gland.

In order to clarify the environmental factors which are involved in the development of the primordium of the pituitary gland such as cell-cell interactions, a three-dimensional reconstruction of this organ and its surrounding tissues was carried out. Pituitary material was obtained from human fetuses mainly during the period of organogenesis. Rathke's diverticulum was found to stretch rostrally from the stomodeal epithelium to the middle of the mesoderm, and already by the 5th week of fetal growth, it was clearly seen to be involved with the diencephalon. The area of contact between Rathke's pouch and the diencephalon gradually moved from the rostral to caudal regions and, after 13 weeks of development, had a position similar to that found in the newborn infant. Among the cells forming Rathke's pouch, it was found that the closer their relationship was to the diencephalon, the greater were their epithelial characteristics. When the relationship of such cells to the diencephalon was weaker, their differentiation to endocrine cells occurred earlier. Immunohistochemically, that portion of the pituitary primordium which has a close relationship with the diencephalon, later to become the pars intermedia, showed an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoreactivity later than that of the pars anterior. On the other hand, in the 21st fetal week, nearly all of the cells of the pars intermedia were found to be ACTH-positive. This finding is thought to indicate a close connection between the physical contact between the brain (diencephalon) and the pituitary primordium and the development of the pars intermedia; the differentiation of ACTH cells. The surface of the epithelium of Rathke's cavity continues to increase at least until the 21st fetal week, so the growth of the epithelium of Rathke's pouch is thought to be heavily involved in the growth of the primordium of the pituitary gland in the early stages of development.

Cell Communication↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical study of cytochrome P-450 11 beta-hydroxylase in human adrenal cortex with mineralo- and glucocorticoid excess.

Cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 11 beta-hydroxylation (P-45011 beta) was immunohistochemically demonstrated in the adrenal glands of human, pig and bovine and of mineralo- and glucocorticoid excess using a specific monoclonal antibody against P-450 11 beta of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. P-450 11 beta was present in all three cortical zones of the histologically normal adrenal glands of bovine, pig and human, particularly in the zona fasciculata (ZF) and reticularis (ZR). The P-450 11 beta immunoreactivity was intensive in cortical micronodules and inner ZF and ZR in Cushing's disease, and relatively intensive in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) and outer ZF in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), corresponding to the sites of active steroidogenesis. In adenomas with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism, compact cells were generally stained well. In the adrenal glands attached to the adenomas, immunoreactivity was observed only focally in ZG cells but not in ZF and ZR cells.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical study of chromogranin in 100 cases of pheochromocytoma, carotid body tumour, medullary thyroid carcinoma and carcinoid tumour.

Neuroendocrine cells have histologically common features represented by argyrophilic cytoplasm containing neuroendocrine granules. Neuroendocrine granules are composed of various kinds of peptide hormones, amines, carrier proteins and ATP. Although various kinds of peptide hormones have been detected in neuroendocrine tumours, a peptide hormone has not been required as a standard marker for these tumours. Chromogranin is a purified protein which binds catecholamines specifically and is recognized as a carrier protein. We carried out an immunohistochemical study of chromogranin immunoreactivity in 100 neuroendocrine tumours including pheochromocytomas, carotid body tumours, medullary thyroid carcinomas and carcinoid tumours. Marked immunoreactivity was observed in 85% of carcinoid tumours and 100% of the other tumour types. A non-functioning paraganglioma and a malignant carcinoid tumour without any other detectable marker also showed strong immunoreactivity to chromogranin. Chromogranin immunoreactivity is a useful tool for neuroendocrine tumours.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P-450C21 in human adrenal cortex and its relation to endocrine function.

Cytochrome P-450C21 was successfully demonstrated in the human adrenal glands by a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. All three cortical layers were stained in the normal adrenal glands, particularly the zonae glomerulosa and reticularis. Well-stained and faintly stained cells were intermingled in the zona fasciculata, suggestive of intrazonal variations. The immunoreactivity was particularly intense at the site of ACTH action, i.e., cells in micronodules and cells around myelolipomatous lesions in adrenocortical hyperplasia of Cushing's disease and sites of regeneration in the normal adrenal glands. In adrenocortical adenomas with Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism, cells with large nuclei were generally stained well. In the adrenocortical tissue adjacent to a functioning adenoma, the immunoreactivity was observed only in the zona glomerulosa, especially in cases of primary aldosteronism. This finding is consistent with morphologic observations.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1988

A case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear producing peptide hormones.

We report 6th case of carcinoid tumor of the middle ear in a 16-year-old man. The clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features are discussed. The tumor in the attic and the tympanic cavity was successfully excised by radical mastoidectomy. Microscopically, the argyrophilic property and neurosecretory granules which are characteristic of carcinoid tumor were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Furthermore, peptide hormones were confirmed immunohistochemically in this case. This tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis when biologically lowgrade tumor with glandular and trabecular architectures are encountered in the middle ear.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Ultrastructural immunolocalization of lysozyme in paneth-like cells in undifferentiated (gastric)-type carcinoma of the stomach.

Five cases of gastric carcinoma of undifferentiated (gastric) type containing Paneth-like cells were studied by immunoelectron microscopy for lysozyme using two methods. The Paneth-like cells in these carcinomas had lost their cellular polarity and possessed electron-dense granules. These granules varied in size (0.5-3 micron in diameter), electron density and shape. Post-embedding method revealed immunolocalization of lysozyme in these granules in all cases, similar to that in normal Paneth cells. Pre-embedding method showed immunoreactivity diffusely or focally located in the cytoplasm, but this approach was unable to reveal immunoreactivity in the granules, a feature also common to normal cells. Our study therefore confirmed that Paneth-like carcinoma cells and normal Paneth cells had the same features, and indicated that undifferentiated-type gastric carcinoma could possess specially differentiated cells, providing further support that such carcinoma could express multipotentiality. The difference in the results obtained by the two immunoelectron microscopy methods was discussed.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistochemistry of cytochrome P-450 21-hydroxylase: microscopic examination of the enzyme in the bovine adrenal cortex and kidney.

Cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylase (P-450C21) localized in bovine adrenal cortex and kidney was immunocytochemically observed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using a specific antibody. P-450C21 was present in all three zones of the adrenal cortex. Immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was intense in the zona glomerulosa and inner reticularis and faint in the area between the zona glomerulosa and outer fasciculata, probably representing the zona intermedia. The positive stain was only observed in parenchymal cells. The immunoreactivity varied within each zone, especially in the zona reticularis. In the kidney, immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was exclusively localized in the distal and cortical and medullary collecting tubules. This corresponds to the site of mineralocorticoid action in the kidney. No immunoreactivity was observed in the liver and aorta.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1988

Extraadrenal immunohistochemical distribution of steroid 21-hydroxylase in human.

Using an antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylase (P-450C21), extraadrenal distribution and localization of the enzyme were immunohistochemically examined on various normal human tissues. Immunoreactive P-450C21 was demonstrated in the renal tubular system, especially in distal tubules and cortical and medullary collecting tubules; excretory ducts including intercalated ducts of the pancreas and salivary glands; secretory ducts of the mammary glands. The immunoreactivity for P-450C21 was not present in the colon and liver. Transepithelial transport of sodium, potassium and hydrogen ions occurs in those sites where P-450C21 is present and mineralocorticoid receptors are presumed to be present. Relationship of extraadrenal 21-hydroxylase, which produces deoxycorticosterone locally, to a mineralocorticoid action is proposed.

Breast↗

PubMed1988

Distribution of Crooke's cells and ACTH cells in the human pituitary glands.

Distribution of ACTH cells and Crooke's cells in the human pituitary glands was studied in 5 autopsy cases. ACTH cells were distributed throughout the anterior pituitary lobes, in particular densely in their anterior halves. Some ACTH cells were found in the posterior pituitary lobes in three cases. Crooke's cells were distributed limitedly in the anterior halves of anterior pituitary in two cases. In the remaining three cases, Crooke's cells were widely distributed in the anterior pituitary lobes but predominantly in their anterior halves. No Crooke's cells were found in the posterior pituitary. These findings suggest that cells in the anterior part of anterior pituitary are more likely to show Crooke's hyaline change than those in the other parts.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1988

11 beta-Hydroxylase in mitochondrial fractions of functioning and non-functioning adrenocortical tumors.

The activity of 11 beta-hydroxylase was investigated in the mitochondrial fractions of 19 surgically resected adrenocortical tumors associated with Cushing's syndrome (4 adenomas and 2 carcinomas), primary aldosteronism (8 adenomas), adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) (2 carcinomas) and no hormonal symptoms (3 adenomas). Five adrenal cortices from patients with mammary carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and pheochromocytoma were used for the normal control. The activities of 11 beta-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone and of 11-deoxycortisol in the control adrenal cortices were 0.66-2.16 pmole/mg protein/min (mean: 1.28 pmole/mg protein/min) and 0.25-0.77 pmole/mg protein/min (mean: 0.56 pmole/mg protein/min), respectively. The activities in adenomas and carcinomas associated with Cushing's syndrome were in the range of normal control. The activities in aldosteronomas were significantly higher in 4 cases than those of the normal control and in the range of the normal control in 4 cases, suggesting that the higher activity of 11 beta-hydroxylase is one of the important factors causing mineralocorticoid excess. The activities in adrenocortical carcinomas with AGS were significantly lower, corroborating clinical findings of androgen excess with suppressed production of mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid. The activities in two cases of nonfunctioning adenomas were in the range of the normal control, but the third case showed higher activity than the normal control. These results show that the abnormal activity of mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylase exists in some aldosteronomas, non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas with AGS.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1987

[A rainbow coupling human pathology and endocrinology, with emphasis on the adrenal glands].

Recent progress in research methodology particularly of immunocytochemistry has made the viaduct of human pathology through endocrinology a wide bridge. Immunohistochemical demonstration of enzymes working in corticosteroidogenesis is useful for the interpretation of histological findings. Cytochrome P-450C21 was demonstrated in three adrenocortical layers particularly evident in the glomerulosa and reticularis. The reactivity was intensive in hypertrophied cells in focal hyperplasia of autopsy series and adenomas in patients with hyperadrenocorticism. The distribution of extra-adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase was revealed by immunohistochemistry at the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney, excretory ducts of the pancreas and salivary glands, mammary ducts and ductules and secretory portion of the sweat gland in man. It was postulated that in these target tissues of the mineralocorticoid action considerable amounts of DOC would be produced from plasma progesterone by the extra-adrenal 21-hydroxylase. Histopathological diagnosis of malignancy in adrenal tumors has been extremely difficult. Therefore, follow-up informations of metastasis and/or recurrence and gross findings including the tumor weight have been evaluated as the evidence of malignancy. In adrenocortical tumors plasma steroid patterns and in vitro steroid production which were appreciated in the clinical endocrinology, were corroborated by gross and microscopical findings. Immunohistochemical lectin bindings revealed that only RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin) might be useful for the marker of adrenocortical malignancies. For establishing histological criteria of malignant pheochromocytomas, 25 adrenal and extra-adrenal tumors associated with metastases were examined. Localized or diffuse proliferation of small-sized cells, fusiform or round in shape, frequently associated with mitotic figures and foci of necrosis was of common feature. Immunoreactive peptide hormones were less compared with benign pheochromocytomas.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1987

Suppression by glucocorticoid of the immunoreactivity of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.

The effect of glucocorticoid on the production of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) was examined immunocytochemically. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone sulfate in a dose of 0.1 mg/day suppressed the immunoreactivity of CRF and vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions of the PVH of the rat subsequent to bilateral adrenalectomy. In the magnocellular divisions, suppression of vasopressin-immunoreactivity was not observed. These results suggest that the vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions plays a distinct role from that in the magnocellular divisions, the former having functional significance in the hypothalamo-hypophysio-adrenal axis.

Adrenalectomy↗

PubMed1987

Clinical report: cylindrical cell papilloma of the paranasal sinus.

We report a case of cylindrical cell papilloma of the paranasal sinuses. This tumor originated in the medial wall of the left maxillary sinus of a 69-year-old man and extended to the surrounding tissues. Pathological study of tissue sections from the tumor showed typical findings of cylindrical cell papilloma with no evidence of associated malignancy. Histochemical and electron microscopic examinations revealed a large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. The tumor was removed through a Denker's approach. The patient did well following surgery and there has been no sign of recurrence in a 2-year follow-up study.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Congenital 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency: a clinicopathologic study.

The histopathologic features of the adrenal glands in three cases of congenital 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency are described in relation to clinical and endocrine findings. Diffuse or nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia, particularly in the zonae fasciculata and reticularis, was observed in all cases examined. The hyperplastic adrenal cortices were composed of cells with morphologic features of hypercorticism and hyperstimulation. Myelolipomatous lesions were detected in two cases. These morphologic findings were consistent with excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion in this disorder. In all the cases examined, the plasma aldosterone concentration was within normal limits, and plasma renin activity was suppressed prior to dexamethasone treatment. Morphologically, however, hyperplasia of the cells with abundant mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum seemed to involve the zona glomerulosa. Nonencapsulated nests of hypertrophied cortical cells in periadrenal tissue were remarkable in one case. From these morphologic findings, we postulated hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa as well as involvement of corticosteroids from the zona glomerulosa in the pathophysiology of this disorder.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗